KUNCI 11

MENGGUNAKAN KONTEKS UNTUK MENENTUKAN MAKNA DARI KATA

SEDERHANA
(USE CONTEXT TO DETERMINE MEANINGS OF SIMPLE WORDS)

Terkadang Anda diminta untuk menentukan makna dari sebuah kata sederhana yang
sudah akrab sehari-hari dalam bahasa Inggris. Di dalam jenis pertanyaan ini, sebaiknya
Anda jangan menganggap remeh, agar Anda tidak keliru, sekalipun tampak sederhana.
Perhatikan contoh berikut.
The passage:
Faced with serious threats to its future, the company is
taking steps to improve its outlook. The company has brought
in a new crop of trainees to staff some of its empty positions.
Line In addition, the company has created a new committee to
(5) research various proposals and has appointed a key member
of its management team to chair the committee.
The question:
The word "steps" in line 1 could best be replaced by
(A) stairs
(B) walks
(C) actions
(D) footprints

Dalam pertanyaan ini, Anda diminta memilih sebuah kata yang dapat menggantikan kata
"steps". Karena arti utama dari "steps" adalah "stairs" (tangga), jawaban ini bukanlah
jawaban yang benar. Menjawab bentuk jenis pertanyaan ini, Anda harus melihat
jawaban manakah yang paling cocok dalam hubungan kalimat pada bacaan tersebut. Jika
kita pilih jawaban (A), (B), atau (D), kita tidak dapat mengatakan "a company is taking
stairs/walks/footprints" (sebuah perusahaan mengambil tangga-tangga/berjalan/bekas
telapak kaki). Tetapi Anda dapat mengatakan "a company is taking actions" (sebuah
perusahaan mengambil tindakan). Untuk itu, jawaban yang tepat adalah jawaban (C).
 . RUMUS KUNCI 11
.
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Cara Mengidentifikasi - What is the meaning...?
Pertanyaan - Which of the followingis closest in meaning to...?
- Kata yang ditanyakan, sederhana dan sering digunakan
sehari-hari
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Mencari Jawaban Pertanyaan biasanya memberitahukan Anda di baris mana
kata
tersebut berada.
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Cara Menjawab 1. Temukan kata itu di dalam bacaan.
Pertanyaan 2. Baca kalimat yang mengandung kata tersebut secara
cermat.
3. Lihat petunjuk konteks untuk membantu Anda mengerti
maknanya.
4. Pilih jawaban yang sesuai dengan pernyataan konteks.
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PASSAGE QUESTIONS 1-3

The locations of stars in the sky relative to one another do not appear to
the
naked eye to change, and, as a result, stars are often considered to be fixed in
position.
Many unwitting stargazers incorrectly assume that each star has its own
permanent
Line home in the nighttime sky.
(5) In reality, though, stars are always moving, but because of the tremendous
distances between the stars themselves and from stars to Earth, the changes are
barely
 discernible here on Earth. An example of a rather fast-moving star demonstrates
why
this misconception prevails; it takes around 200 years for Bernard's star, a
relatively
rapidly moving star, to move a distance in the skies equal to the diameter of the
Earth's
(10) moon. When the apparently negligible movement of the stars is contrasted with
the
movements of the planets, the stars are seemingly motionless.

1. The expression "relative to" in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by

(A) in the family of
(B) compared with
(C) connected to
(D) limited by

PASSAGE QUESTIONS 1-3

The locations of stars in the sky relative to one another do not appear to
the
naked eye to change, and, as a result, stars are often considered to be fixed in
position.
Many unwitting stargazers incorrectly assume that each star has its own
permanent
Line home in the nighttime sky.
(5) In reality, though, stars are always moving, but because of the tremendous
distances between the stars themselves and from stars to Earth, the changes are
barely
discernible here on Earth. An example of a rather fast-moving star demonstrates
why
this misconception prevails; it takes around 200 years for Bernard's star, a
relatively
rapidly moving star, to move a distance in the skies equal to the diameter of the
Earth's
(10) moon. When the apparently negligible movement of the stars is contrasted with
the
 movements of the planets, the stars are seemingly motionless.

2. The word "fixed" in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by

(A) repaired
(B) mobile
(C) changing
(D) stationary

PASSAGE QUESTIONS 1-3

The locations of stars in the sky relative to one another do not appear to
the
naked eye to change, and, as a result, stars are often considered to be fixed in
position.
Many unwitting stargazers incorrectly assume that each star has its own
permanent
Line home in the nighttime sky.
(5) In reality, though, stars are always moving, but because of the tremendous
distances between the stars themselves and from stars to Earth, the changes are
barely
discernible here on Earth. An example of a rather fast-moving star demonstrates
why
this misconception prevails; it takes around 200 years for Bernard's star, a
relatively
rapidly moving star, to move a distance in the skies equal to the diameter of the
Earth's
(10) moon. When the apparently negligible movement of the stars is contrasted with
the
movements of the planets, the stars are seemingly motionless.

3. The word "around" in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by

(A) circularly
(B) precisely
(C) adjacently
(D) approximately
 PASSAGE QUESTIONS 4-5
Carbon tetrachloride`a chemical compound created when carbon disulfide
is
treated with chlorine`is a colorless and inflammable liquid that is used extensively
in
industry today. This broad use of carbon tetrachloride in industry is because of its
Line efficacy as a solvent, a refrigerant, and a propellant.
(5) Despite its widespread use in industry, carbon tetrachloride has been
banned for
home use. In the past, carbon tetrachloride was a common ingredient in cleaning
compounds that were used throughout the home. However, it was found to be
extremely hazardous: When heated, it turns into a poisonous gas that can cause
severe
maladies and may even prove deadly if it is inhaled. Because of this dangerous
(10) characteristic, the United States revoked permission for the home use of carbon
tetrachloride in 1970. The United States has taken similar action with various
other
chemical compounds.

4. The word "found" in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by

(A) located
(B) determined
(C) encountered
(D) uncovered

PASSAGE QUESTIONS 4-5

Carbon tetrachloride`a chemical compound created when carbon disulfide
is
treated with chlorine`is a colorless and inflammable liquid that is used extensively
in
industry today. This broad use of carbon tetrachloride in industry is because of its
Line efficacy as a solvent, a refrigerant, and a propellant.
(5) Despite its widespread use in industry, carbon tetrachloride has been
banned for
home use. In the past, carbon tetrachloride was a common ingredient in cleaning
compounds that were used throughout the home. However, it was found to be
extremely hazardous: When heated, it turns into a poisonous gas that can cause
severe
maladies and may even prove deadly if it is inhaled. Because of this dangerous
(10) characteristic, the United States revoked permission for the home use of carbon
tetrachloride in 1970. The United States has taken similar action with various
other
chemical compounds.

5. The expression "turns into" in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by

(A) increases
(B) exposes
(C) becomes
(D) extinguishes

PASSAGE QUESTIONS 6-7

The words to "The Star-Spangled Banner," the national anthem of the
United
States, were created by Francis Scott Key, lawyer by trade and poet at heart. For
these
memorable words to have been written in the manner that they were, required
both his
Line training as a lawyer and his poetic soul.
(5) At the time of the War of 1812 against the British, Key had a successful law
practice in Washington, D.C. During a series of attacks by the British in 1814, the
British
occupied Washington, D.C., burned public buildings, including the White House,
withdrew from Washington, and sailed up the Chesapeake Bay to attack
Baltimore. As
the British were withdrawing from Washington, they arrested local physician Dr.
William
(10) Beanes and forced him to accompany them.
 Some friends of Beanes' visited the lawyer Key and asked him to try to
negotiate
for Dr. Beanes' release from the British. Key, accompanied by a U.S. government
official
for prisoners of war, sailed out to the British fleet on Chesapeake Bay. Key was
able to
negotiate a promise from the British to release the doctor. However, since their
attack
(15) on Baltimore was imminent, the British decided to detain the Americans on board
until
after the attack so that they would not have the chance to get word back to the
American forces about the British plan to attack.
All through the night of September 13, the British navy bombarded one of
the
American forts guarding Baltimore, Fort McHenry. In the first light of dawn, Key,
(20) standing on the deck of a British warship, was overcome with emotion at the
sight of
the U.S. flag with its stars and stripes still flying over the fort. On seeing the flag,
he was
inspired to write the poem that begins "Oh, say can you see by the dawn's early
light...."
This quickly written poem was immediately printed on handbills and widely
circulated.
Key only wrote the words to "The Star-Spangled Banner." Key did not write
the
(25) music, nor did anyone else write music specifically to accompany Key's poem.
Ironically,
the music to today's "The Star-Spangled Banner" was an old English drinking song
that
far preceded the words that Key wrote. Later, after Key's poem had achieved
prominence, it was set to a well-known song that had actually originated in the
country
of the enemy, and eventually Key's words, set to the tune of a British drinking
song,
(30) became the national anthem of the United States.
6. The word "trade" in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by which of the following?
(A) Exchange
(B) Barter
(C) Profession
(D) Training

PASSAGE QUESTIONS 6-7

The words to "The Star-Spangled Banner," the national anthem of the
United
States, were created by Francis Scott Key, lawyer by trade and poet at heart. For
these
memorable words to have been written in the manner that they were, required
both his
Line training as a lawyer and his poetic soul.
(5) At the time of the War of 1812 against the British, Key had a successful law
practice in Washington, D.C. During a series of attacks by the British in 1814, the
British
occupied Washington, D.C., burned public buildings, including the White House,
withdrew from Washington, and sailed up the Chesapeake Bay to attack
Baltimore. As
the British were withdrawing from Washington, they arrested local physician Dr.
William
(10) Beanes and forced him to accompany them.
Some friends of Beanes' visited the lawyer Key and asked him to try to
negotiate
for Dr. Beanes' release from the British. Key, accompanied by a U.S. government
official
for prisoners of war, sailed out to the British fleet on Chesapeake Bay. Key was
able to
negotiate a promise from the British to release the doctor. However, since their
attack
(15) on Baltimore was imminent, the British decided to detain the Americans on board
until
after the attack so that they would not have the chance to get word back to the
American forces about the British plan to attack.
 All through the night of September 13, the British navy bombarded one of
the
American forts guarding Baltimore, Fort McHenry. In the first light of dawn, Key,
(20) standing on the deck of a British warship, was overcome with emotion at the
sight of
the U.S. flag with its stars and stripes still flying over the fort. On seeing the flag,
he was
inspired to write the poem that begins "Oh, say can you see by the dawn's early
light...."
This quickly written poem was immediately printed on handbills and widely
circulated.
Key only wrote the words to "The Star-Spangled Banner." Key did not write
the
(25) music, nor did anyone else write music specifically to accompany Key's poem.
Ironically,
the music to today's "The Star-Spangled Banner" was an old English drinking song
that
far preceded the words that Key wrote. Later, after Key's poem had achieved
prominence, it was set to a well-known song that had actually originated in the
country
of the enemy, and eventually Key's words, set to the tune of a British drinking
song,
(30) became the national anthem of the United States.

7. The word "chance" in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by

(A) gamble
(B) intent
(C) opportunity
(D) risk