Kelompok :9
Nama : Magfirah Ayu Meilani (15060053)
: Salwa Nabila Putri (15060043)
: Melda Susanti (15060023)
Diskusi : Ekonomi Industri
sion questions
3. Explain the logic of forward and reverse causation between structure, conduct and
performance.
5. How does the Chicago school view of competition differ from the structure–conduct–performance
paradigm?
The Chicago school are identified with the argument that large firms are likely to have become
large as a result of having operated efficiently, and therefore more profitably, than their smaller
counterparts. Therefore punishing the largest firms because they are also the most profitable
firms is tantamount to punishing success. Even if certain abuses of market power do take place
in the short run, these are likely to be self-correcting in the long run, when competition will tend
to reassert itself.
6. Compare the explanations for differences in firm profitability that are suggested by the
collusion and efficiency hypotheses.
Collusion hypothesis, a positive association between concentration and profitability was
interpreted as evidence of collusion or other abuses of market power designed to enhance profits.
efficiency hypothesis , a positive relationship between concentration and profitability reflects a
natural tendency for efficient firms to be successful, and to become dominant in their industries
7. Compare the neoclassical conception of competition with the views advanced by Schumpeter and the
Austrian school.
Menurut Shumpetercompetition is driven by innovation: the introduction of new products and processes,
the conquest of new markets for inputs or outputs, or the reorganization of existing productive
arrangements (for example through entry or takeover).
Menurut Austrian School
o The Austrian school also views competition as a dynamic process, and sees the market
as comprising a configuration of decisions made by consumers, entrepreneurs and
resource owners (Kirzner, 1973, 1997a,b).
8. In what ways does the new industrial organization contribute to our understanding of firm
behaviour?
Game theory, which deals with decision making in situations of interdependence and
uncertainty, is an important tool in the armoury of the NIO theorists.
Theories have been developed to explore situations in which firms choose from a
plethora of strategies, with the choices repeated over either finite or infinite time
horizons. Some economists believe game theory has strengthened the theoretical
underpinnings of industrial organization
9. In what ways does the strategic management literature contribute to our understanding of
the decision making and performance of firms?
In the strategic management literature, the focus is on maximizing firm value through the
choice of effective management strategies, rather than minimizing or eliminating
abnormal profit in pursuit of wider public policy goals
According to the strategic management literature, the strategic choices and decisions taken
by firms are the main determinants of performance. Firms can only maintain a
competitive advantage if they can protect their strategies from imitation
10. Outline Porter’s five forces model of the firm’s competitive environment.
the extent and intensity of competition;
the threat of entrants (newcompetitors);
the threat of substitute products and services;
the power of buyers; and
the power of suppliers
11. What are distinctive capabilities, and why are they important?
each individual firm is inherently different, and therefore dismisses the notion of generic
strategic
firms develop distinctive capabilities in an attempt to achieve a competitive advantage.
12. With reference to Case study 1.1, assess the extent to which competition has increased in
European banking in recent years. What effect has this had on the performance of banks?
Given that competition has become more intense, it seems likely that increased
profitability is a consequence of revenues having been generated from a wider variety of
sources (diversification), and of the more efficient use of technology (such as consumer
databases and call centres). This means banks are able to offer a wider variety of products at
lower cost than was previously the case. Some of the increase in profitability has been driven by
aggressive cost-cutting strategies, including branch closures and manpower reductions. Overall,
the level of competition, both between banks and other banks, and between banks and other
financial sector institutions, continues to intensify. Deregulation and technological progress have
lowered entry barriers and made banking more competitive. However, continued consolidation
has resulted in a larger proportion of the banking sector’s assets becoming concentrated in the
hands of a relatively small number of institutions.
. Dengan cara apa organisasi industri baru berkontribusi pada pemahaman kita
tentang perusahaan
tingkah laku?
Teori permainan, yang berkaitan dengan pengambilan keputusan dalam situasi saling
ketergantungan dan ketidakpastian, merupakan alat penting dalam gudang senjata teori NIO.
Teori telah dikembangkan untuk mengeksplorasi situasi di mana perusahaan memilih dari
sejumlah besar strategi, dengan pilihan diulang melalui horizon waktu yang terbatas atau tak
terbatas. Beberapa ekonom percaya bahwa teori permainan telah memperkuat dasar teoritis
organisasi industri
9. Dengan cara apa literatur manajemen strategis berkontribusi terhadap pemahaman kita
tentang
Menurut literatur manajemen strategis, pilihan dan keputusan strategis yang diambil oleh
perusahaan merupakan penentu utama kinerja. Perusahaan hanya dapat mempertahankan
keunggulan kompetitif jika mereka dapat melindungi strategi mereka dari tiruan
10. Garis besar lima model kekuatan Porter dari lingkungan persaingan perusahaan.
masing-masing perusahaan secara inheren berbeda, dan karena itu menolak gagasan
strategi generik
12. Dengan mengacu pada studi kasus 1.1, menilai sejauh mana persaingan meningkat di
tahun 2008
Perbankan Eropa dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Apa efeknya terhadap kinerja bank?