Modified
Raoult’s Law Henry’s Law K-Values
Raoult’s Law
Modified Raoult’s Law
Telah diketahui asumsi-asumsi dalam Hk. Raoult:
1). V phase is an ideal gas
2). L phase is an ideal solution (kurang realistik)
Bila asumsi 2) dr Hk. Raoult di atas diabaikan
dan digantikan dengan suatu koefisien yang
menyatakan deviasi dari keadaan ideal fase cair,
maka Hk. Raoult menjadi:
yi P xi i Pi sat
i 1,2,..., N
=adalah koefisien aktivitas (activity coefficient)
Koeffisien aktivitas adalah fungsi komposisi fase cair (x)
dan T.
Untuk sistem 2 komponen: ln Ax
i
2
i' A=f(T)
y x
Karena &
i i 1 i i 1
maka
P xi i Pi sat
For bubble point
i
1 2665 .54
P ln P2sat kPa 14.25326
y
i
i i Pi sat
T Kelvin 53.424
Find:
a) P and y1, for x1=0.25 and T=318.15K (kasus BULB P)
b) P and x1, for y1=0.60 and T=318.15K (kasus DEW P)
c) T and y1, for x1=0.85 and P=101.33kPa (kasus BULB T)
d) T and x1, for y1=0.40 and P=101.33kPa (kasus DEW T) PR
a) P and y1 ? for x1=0.25 and T=318.15K
P xi i Pi sat
This is a BUBL P calculation. i
P 1
sat
44.51kPa P 2
sat
65.64kPa
Activity coefficients are calculated from the given
equations;
Where
ln 1 Ax2 ln 2 Ax1 A=2.771-0.00523 T.
2 2
2
2
1 exp( Ax ) exp 1.107 0.75 1.864
2
P (0.25)(1.864)(44.51) (0.75)(1.072)(65.64)
P 73.50kPa
x P sat
y1 1 1 1
0.282
P
y2 1 y1 0.718
Atau:
x P sat
y2 2 2 2
0.718
P
ALGORITMA PERHITUNGAN BUBL P
BUBL P CALCULATION
Find Pi sat
Find i
ln 1 Ax 2
2 ln 2 Ax
2
1
Mk perhit. DEW P dpt dilakukan dgn iterasi sbb:
1) mula2 asumsikan 1=2=1.0 (Ideal solution)
2) Hitung DEW P: P
1
i i i
y
i
P sat
Find Pi sat
Converge?
NO
YES
It is the P dew.
Find liquid phase mole fraction
y1 P
x1 & x2 1 x1
1 P1sat
c). T and yi?, for x1=0.85 and P=101.33kPa
(BUBL T calculation)
P xi i Pi sat
i
T Kelvin 33.424
2665 .54
ln P2 kPa 14.25326
sat
T Kelvin 53.424
ln 1 Ax 2
2 ln 2 Ax 2
1
A=2.771-0.00523 T.
Solusi trial T. Coba rancang solver nya!
d) T and xi? (TUGAS DI RUMAH)
for y1=0.40 and P=101.33kPa
(DEW T calculation!) 1
P
i i i
y
i
P sat
2665 .54
ln P2sat kPa 14.25326
T Kelvin 53.424
ln 1 Ax ln 2 Ax
2
2
2
1
A=2.771-0.00523 T.
2665 .54
ln P2sat kPa 14.25326
T Kelvin 53.424
Find: a). P and yi, for x1=0.6 and T=330K (BULB P)
b). P and xi, for y1=0.3 and T=330K (DEW P)
c). T and yi, for x1=0.4 and P=90kPa (BUBLB T)
d). T and xi, for y1=0.40 and P=90kPa (DEW T)
Rumus-rumus:
P/T: i P/T:
i
yi i Pi sat
PR2
Data-fata untuk sistem ethyl ethanoate (1) dan n-
heptane (2) pada 70 C adalah sbb: