Cooler (C-01)

Kode : C-01
Fungsi : Menurunkan suhu larutan dari Reactor (R-01) yang
masuk ke Cooler 02 (C-02) dari suhu 340 s.d 240
o
C dengan water sebagai medium pendingin.
Jenis : Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Tekanan Operasi : 1,3 atm
Gambar : Heater - 01 Steam
T2 = 2400C
t1 = 300C t2 = 500C
Heater- 01

T1 = 3400C
Kondensat
Fluida dingin
t1 = 30 oC = 86 F
t2 = 50 C = 122 F
Fluida panas
T1 = 340 C = 644 F
T2 = 240 C = 464F
NERACA PANAS HE
1. Entalpi Umpan HE
Suhu umpan masuk HE = 340 0C
Suhu referensi = 25 0C
massa Cp dT
Komponen (Kg/Jam) (kJ/Kmol) Q (kJ/Jam)
O2 4217,374 2343,349697 308836,9401
N2 16841,475 2235,976344 1344897,846
CH2O 1685,67 3001,11558 168629,6833
CH3OH 29,237 4518,750665 4128,584788
H2 O 1012,94634 5036,799622 283444,8746
 Q1 =2.109.937,929 kJ/Jam
Panas massa masuk = 2.109.937,929 kJ/Jam
2. Entalpi Keluar HE
Suhu keluar HE = 240 0C
Suhu referensi = 25 0C
massa Cp dT
Komponen (Kg/Jam) (kJ/Kmol) Q (kJ/Jam)
O2 4217,374 1586,133118 209041,1429
N2 16841,475 1519,853323 914163,2767
CH2O 1685,67 1998,471736 112292,1284
CH3OH 29,237 2974,176401 2717,374857
H2O 1012,94634 1798,639959 101218,0979
 Q2 = 1.339.432,021 kJ/Jam
Panas massa keluar = 1.339.432,021 kJ/Jam
Beban panas =  Q1   Q2
= 2.109.937,929 -1.339.432,021 kJ/Jam
= 770.505,9083 kJ/Jam
Menentukan Jumlah Pendingin
Suhu pendingin masuk = 30 0C
Suhu pendingin keluar = 50 0C
Cp pendingin = 1,005 kJ/Kg oC
Jumlah Pendingin
Qc
Wa =
Cp (t 2  t1)
770505,9083
= 1,005 (50−30)

= 38.333,63 kJ/Jam
𝑘𝐽
Laju alir fluida pemanas(Wp) = 23.786,7 𝐽𝑎𝑚
𝑙𝑏
= 52.425,73 𝐽𝑎𝑚
𝑘𝐽
Kebutuhan panas yg diserap(Qc) = 770.505,91 𝐽𝑎𝑚
𝐵𝑡𝑢
= 730.298,6 𝐽𝑎𝑚
𝑘𝐽
Laju alir fluida dingin (Wd) = 383.33,63 𝐽𝑎𝑚
𝑙𝑏
= 80.101,956 𝐽𝑎𝑚
A. Menentukan Logaritmic Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD)

LMTD =
T1  t 2   T2  t1  (Sumber : Pers.(5.14), Kern, hal 89)
T t 
ln  1 2 
 T2  t1 
(644−122)−(464−86)
= (644−122)
𝐿𝑛
(464−86)

= 446,13 0F
= 230 oC

 Menentukan Tc Average dan tc Average

Tc Average = (T1 + T2) / 2 = (340+240) / 2 = 554 0F
tc Average = (t1 + t2) / 2 = (30+50) / 2 = 104 0F

 Menentukan Luas Permukaan Transfer Panas, (A)

Overall Heat Transfer
Dari tabel 8 Kern hal 840, dipilih Ud untuk
Hot fluid : light organic ( pipe )
Cold fluid : methanol (annulus )
Range Ud : 75 - 150
Dipilih Ud : 112,5
a. Pemilihan Pipa
Dari Hal 103, Kern , diperoleh Informasi Double Pipe Exchangers are
usually assembled in : 12 15 20
Dipilih panjang pipa L = 12

b. Menentukan Lay Out alat penukar panas

Dipilih alat penukar panas jenis double pipe exchanger dengan ukuran pipa:

2½x1¼ IPS.

Dari table 11, Kern diperoleh data dimensi pipa:

 Surface per lin
Flow
Nominal Weight
ft, ft2/ft
OD, Schedule ID, area per
pipe size per lin ft,
in Number in pipe,
IPS, in lb steel
in2
Outside Inside

1¼ 1,66 40 1,380 1,5 0,43 0,362 2,28

2½ 2,88 40 2,469 2,63 0,753 0,647 3

(Tabel 6.2, Kern)

c. Menentukan Luas Transfer Panas dan jumlah pipa
Q
A=
Ud.Dt (Lmtd)
𝐵𝑡𝑢
730.298,6
𝐽𝑎𝑚
= 𝐵𝑡𝑢
112,5 𝑋 20 0
𝐽𝑎𝑚.𝐹𝑡 𝐹 446,13 𝐹

= 14,5596 ft2. <200 ft2Double Pipe Heat Exchanger

B. Fluida dingin dalam annulus (air proses)

D2 = IDa/12 = 0,2058 ft
D1 = ODip/12 = 0,1383 ft

 Flow area, Aa :

Aa = (π/4).(D22 – D12)
3,14
=( ) x (0,20582 – 0,13832)
4

= 0,0182 ft2

 Diameter equivalent, De :

De = (D22 - D12)/D1
(0,20582 – 0,13832 )
= 0,1383

= 0,1677 6 ft
  Laju alir massa, Ga :

Wa = 9.217,2062 kg/jam
= 20.320,4371 lb/jam
Ga = Wa / Aa
= 20.320,4371 / 0,0182
= 1.115.918,49 Ib/jam

 Bilangan Reynold, Rea :

Pada tc = 104 OF = 313K

µ = 1,7743 lb/ft.jam
k = 0,3865 Btu/jam.ft.K
Cp = 1,7709 Btu/(lb.K)
Rea = ( De x Ga )/μ
(0,1677 𝑥 1.115.918,49 )
= 1,7743

= 105.465,2763
jH = 152 (fig. 24, Kern)

 Penentuan harga Koefisien Transfer Panas pada annulus (ho)

𝑗𝐻 𝑥 𝑘 𝑐µ
Ho =( ) 𝑥 ( 𝐾 )1/3 (pers. 6.15 kern, hal.112)
𝐷𝑒

152 𝑥 0,3865 1,7709𝑥 1,7743 1/3

= 𝑥( )
0,1677 0,3865

= 704,4436 Btu/jam.ft2.

C. Fluida panas dalam pipa (steam)

D = IDip/12 = 0,1150 ft

 Flow area, Ap :

Ap = (/4).(D 2)
3,14
=( ) x (0,115 2)
4

=0,0104 ft2
  Laju alir massa, Gp :

Wp = 23.786,702 kg/jam
= 52.440,639 lb/jam
Gp = Wp / Ap
= 52.440,639 / 0,0104
= 5.051.293,8931 lb/jam

 Bilangan Reynold, Rep :

Tc = 554 OF = 563K
p = 0,0706 lb/ft.jam
k = 0,473 Btu/jam.ft.K
Cp = 0,1404 Btu/(lb.K)
Rep = ( De x Gp )/μ
(0,0104 𝑥 52.440,639)
= 0,0594

= 8.228.028,2962
jH = 8278 (fig. 24, Kern)

 Penentuan harga Koefisien Transfer Panas pada inner pipe (hio)

𝑗𝐻 𝑥 𝑘 𝑐µ
Hi =( 𝐷𝑒
) 𝑥 ( 𝐾 )1/3 (pers. 6.15 kern, hal.112)
8278 𝑥 0,0473 0,0473 𝑥 0,0706 1/3
= 𝑥( )
0,1150 0,0473

= 2.022,3622 Btu/jam.ft2.
Karena di dalam pipa adalah steam maka harga
ID
hi0 = hi
OD
1,38
hio = 2022,3622 x 1,66

hio = 1.681,2409 Btu/jam.ft.K

 Clean Overall Coeficient, Uc :

ℎ𝑖𝑜 𝑥 ℎ𝑜
Uc = ℎ𝑖𝑜+ℎ𝑜
1681,2409 𝑥 704,4436
= 1681,2409 + 704,4436

= 496,4359 Btu/jam.ft2.K

 Menentukan Design overall coefficient, Ud :

Dari tabel 12, Kern diperoleh :
Rd untuk organik = 0,001 jam.ft2. OF/Btu
Rd untuk air = 0,002 jam.ft2. OF/Btu
Maka Rd minimum untuk organik dengan air adalah :
Rd minimum = 0,003 jam.ft2. OF/Btu

𝑈𝑐
UD = (𝑅𝑑 𝑥 𝑈𝐶)+1
496,4359
= (0,001 𝑥 496,4359)+1

= 331,7455 Btu/jam.ft2.K

 Menentukan Luas Permukaan transfer panas, A :

𝑄
A =𝑈
𝐷 𝑥 ∆𝑡
730747,8034
= (496,4359 𝑥 446,1334)

= 4,9374 Btu/jam.ft2.K
Panjang pipa aktual, Lact :
Dari tabel 11 Kern,untuk pipa standar IPS = 1¼ in,
dan outside surface per ft, a" = 0,4350 ft2/ft
Panjang pipa yang dibutuhkan, L' = A/a" = 10,4545
Banyak unit hairpin = L'/(2 x L) = 0,5 = 0,4729 ≈ 1 unit hairpin
Luas Permukaan, A act :
A act = 10,44 ft2
  Actual design overall coefficient, Udact:

𝑄
UD = 𝐴 𝑥 ∆𝑡
730747,8034
= (10,44 𝑋 446,1334)

= 156,8925 Btu/jam.ft2.K

 Dirt Factor actual, Rdact :

𝑈 −𝑈
Rd = 𝑈𝑐 𝑥 𝑈𝐷
𝑐 𝐷

496,4359−156,8925
= 496,4359 𝑥 156,8925

= 0,0044

Untuk sistem water – light organic harga Rdmin = 0,003

(jam.ft2.F)/Btu
perancangan memenuhi syarat, karena Rd perhitungan = 0,046 > Rd min

D. Pressure Drop
 Inner pipe

Reynold number, Rep:

Rep = 8.228.028,2962
f = 0,0035 + 0,264 / (Rep)0,42
= 0,0003
µ = 0,0706
ρ = 39,85 lb/ft3
Gp = 5.051.293,8931 lb/jam.ft2
Velocity Head, ΔFp:
4 𝑥 𝑓 𝑥 𝐺𝑝2 𝑥 𝐿𝑎𝑐𝑡
∆Pp = 2 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 𝐷 𝑥 𝑟2

= 5,3483 ft
∆Pp = (ΔFp x ρ) /144
= 1,4801 psi < 10 psi (memenuhi)
 Annulus

D2 = 0,2058 ft
D1 = 0,1383 ft
Da' = D2 - D1
= 0,2058 – 0,1383
= 0,0674 ft
Reynold number, Rea:
Rea' = 1.696.253,9696
Koefisien gesekan
f = 0,0035 + (0,264 / (Rea')0,42)
= 0,0041
Ga = 1.115.918,499 lb/jam ft2
s = 0,9898
ρ = 28,75 lb/ft3
µ = 1,7743
g = 4,18E+08 ft/jam2
g’ = 32,2531 ft/det3
4 𝑥 𝑓 𝑥 𝐺𝑝2 𝑥 𝐿𝑎𝑐𝑡
∆Pp = 2 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 𝐷𝑎′ 𝑥 𝑝2

= 16,6977 ft
Linear Velocity, Va :
Va = Ga / ρ
= 10,7818 ft/det
Velocity Head pertotal hairpin, ΔFt :
ΔF1 = 3.Va2/ 2.g’
= 5,4064 ft
Δpa = (Δfa + ΔF1) x ρ / 144
= 0,1519 psi < 10 psi (memenuhi)