Manufacturing Organization
• Eksternal
– Hukum, Ekonomi, Sosial, Teknologi
• Market
– Persaingan, Konsumen, Info Produk
• Sumber Daya Utama
– Material, Personnel, Modal, Utilities
Subsistem Konversi Produksi
• Physical (Manufacturing)
• Locational Services (Transportation)
• Exchange Services (Retailing)
• Storage Services (Warehousing)
• Other Private Services (Insurance)
• Government Services (Federal, State, Local)
Output Sistem Produksi
• Langsung
– Produk
– Service/Jasa
• Tidak Langsung
– Sampah/Waste
– Pollution/Limbah
– Technological Advances
Proses di Rumah Sakit
1. Customer contact
2. Uniformity of input
3. Labor content of jobs
4. Uniformity of output
5. Measurement of productivity
6. Production and delivery
7. Quality assurance
8. Amount of inventory
Manufacturing vs Service
Customer Order
Desain
(unik Pengadaan:
dan bahan dan Sub-
Pabrikasi Rakitan Test Pengepakan
sesuai komponen Rakitan
perminta standar
an)
Customer Leadtime
Make to Order (MTO)
Customer Order
Persediaan
Desain
Sub-
Desain Komponen Pengadaan Pabrikasi Rakitan Test Pengepakan
Rakitan
dan Part
Standar
Customer Leadtime
Assemble to Order (ATO)
Sumber : dunovteck.wordpress.com
Menyimpan barang
setengah jadi
Setelah pembeli
memesan produk,
produsen tinggal merakit
komponen sehingga
waktu pelayanan tidak
lama
Produk biasanya standar
tetapi memiliki spesifikasi
komponen yang
bervariatif. Misalnya :
computer, asesoris mobil,
sandwich
Leadtime Assemble to Order (ATO)
Customer Order
Stock Rakitan
Pengadaan
Desain Pabrikasi Sub-Rakitan Komponen untuk Part Test Pengepakan
Material
Standard terpilih
Customer Leadtime
Make to Stock (MTS)
Produknya standar, tidak
Sumber : www.aiwon.com beresiko bagi produsen jika
menyimpan dalam bentuk
bahan mentah, komponen
sampai produk jadi
Leadtime lebih pendek bagi
konsumen karena produk
bisa langsung dikirim setelah
ada pesanan.
Produksi untuk antisipasi
pesanan masa depan, bukan
saat ini. Cocok untuk
permintaan musiman
Contoh produk : mainan,
pakaian
Proses Make to Stock (MTS)
Persyaratan Berhasilnya Make to Stock
Customer Order
Customer Leadtime
Customer Order Decoupling Point
Inventory Raw Work in process (WIP) Finished
Suppliers
location materials Parts and Component goods
Customer
order
decoupling
point
Job Shop
Flow Shop
Continuos Flow
Batch Flow
Project (No Product Flow)
Sumber : www.pal.co.id
Bahan baku, alat dan
tenaga kerja dibawa ke
lokasi dimana produk
dikerjakan
Produk spesifik, mahal
dengan tingkat kesulitan
tinggi.
Job Shop
M M D D D D
L L
M M D D D D
L L
G G G P
L L
G G G P
L L Painting Department
Grinding Department
Department
L L
Receiving and A A A
Shipping
Assembly
Layout Flow Shop
PRODUK
MATERIAL MESIN 1 MESIN 2 MESIN 3
JADI
Karakteristik Prosman
Large-
Batch Small-Batch
Job Shop Batch Continuous
Flow Line Flow
(Repetitif)
Kualitas Kualitas Kualitas Biaya Biaya
Kelebihan
tinggi tinggi tinggi bersaing rendah
Variasi/
tinggi Sedang sedang rendah standart
fleksibilitas
Biaya Biaya Biaya
Implikasi otomasi otomasi
tinggi tinggi sedang
Fungsi
umum Umum umum khusus khusus
Permesinan
Strategi MTO ATO ATO MTS MTS
Respon kepada Konsumen
Continuous
Production quantity
flow process
Mass
production
Batch
production
Job shop
production
Product variety
The Order Qualifiers Criteria
These are product or service characteristics
that allow your company to be present in the
market. They include:
– Quality
– Price
– Reputation
– Number of years in business
– Reliability
– ...
Kontribusi PPC ?
Teknik Teknik PPC
Alokasi mesin
Rencana Produksi
Tahunan
Karakter mesin
Beban Mesin
Rencana Produksi
Bulanan
Tidak
Pembatas OK
Ya
Rencana Produksi
Due date, Inventori Rencana Kebutuhan Material
Harian
Monitoring Produksi
Tidak
OK
Ya
Laporan Produksi
MRP, Closed-loop MRP, MRP II
Business Planning
Marketing Planning
Feedback
Production Planning
Resource No
OK?
Feedback
Capacity Planning
Planning No
OK?
Purchasing
Performance Measurement
Sistem MRP II
Business Planning
Rough-Cut
Final Assembly Master Production
Capacity
Scheduling Scheduling
Planning
Operations
Management
Capacity
Material Requirements Planning
Requirements
Planning
Planning
Performance Measurement
PPC itu………