ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION AROUND

THE GEOTHERMAL AREA

(KONDISI LINGKUNGAN SEKITAR
DAERAH GEOTHERMAL)

B. Sulistijo
Geotechnique, Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology specialist
Anggota Penilai Amdal Pusat
Kelompok Keahlian Eksplorasi Sumberdayabumi Institut Teknologi Bandung,
Jl. Ganesa No.10 Bandung, Indonesia. e-mail: budis@mining.itb.ac.id

1
 PENGANTAR
Lokasi Akibat
• Umumnya di daerah remote • Membuka daerah yang
area
terisolasi dan “memodernkan”
• Terkadang lokasi cukup “liar”
• Hilangnya habitat hewan-
hewan liar
• Daerah hutan lindung, cagar • Gangguan terhadap lokasi
alam, taman nasional, daerah tujuan wisata
tujuan turis, “ kepercayaan
Lokal”

2
Pada jalur gunung api dengan
sumber panas yang relatif dangkal.

Tectonic setting ~ volcanic arc

Sumber gambar : GEOTHERMAL EDUCATION OFFICE - US
http://img.geocaching.com/cache/3a93f9eb-76ac-4545-8b1f-
852936af0716.jpg

USGS (2010)
Episentrum gempa
Tidak ada indikasi aktif G Api

6
 Tidak ada indikasi aktif G Api
Pulau Buru
126° 00' BT (E) 170.000 mT (E) 15' 200.000 mT (E) 30' 250.000 mT (E) 45' 127° 00' 300.000 mT (E) 15' 127°30' BT (E)

GEOLOGICAL MAP OF THE BURU,

3°00' LS(S) 3°00' LS(S)

G LAUT SERAM MALUKU

Qa Pzw
Qa Ql
E Qa

an
Ql

em
Qa Qt Qt

aL
Qa Ql
Qt Ql

W
B Qt

Wa
Qa
Qa Qa Qt W Ql
Qa Ql Qt aS

Pati
Wa Pude pa 500

500
30

Qt Qt Qt it

Mana
Qt Pzw 40
44
Pzw

W
Wa
W
gi Pzw
30

N
Tpl Qt

a
a
9.650.000 mU (N)

an Wa Hiwa16 Ql

Ta
Sa
Qa Tpl
aM

bi
25 30 m

9.650.000 mU (N)
Ql W 70 ala Pzw
Qa Qa Tpl Tpl 45
Qa Qa
a

gi 35
1000

Wa
Lang

Tpl 25
Ql
W

5 45
Wa Kek

Tpl Wa Mina
aB

35 30

Nibe
Tpl 35

S
45 21
24
Wa
eb

30 40
45
Ql
Wa Hotong

30 25
50
Tpl 55
ek

26
Pzw

E
45 50
Wa Flia
50 35
Qt Pzw
a

Qa 16
45
Pzw
0

25
Tpl 40

L
na

50

47 40 20 25

Tpl Pzr 55 35
i

Lu

Pzr
25 45
Ili
Failat

20
60 60
Pzw

A
50
Jm 26
Pzw
Wa

TRg MTk
Wa

70 30
32 30
21
MTk 45

0
27
Wa

T
50 60 35

W
50
80
50

80 50 55 55
Tpl TRd

aB
Jm
34
Ql
0

TRd MTk MTk

23 60
D
1000 42
Pzw
30 32

atu
30

M
22
20
U
45

MTk Pzw Pzw

ho
1500
TRd TRd 45 Pzr 45 24 U

Wa

i
TRd 45
Pzw
30
D

50
A
40
TRg 50
TRg 34
Pzw
2000 15'

Sank
56 31
D
60 40
15' Pzr Pzw

N
60 35 38 36
U Pzw
56 53 25
30 15 22
TRd TRg

eko
25

IP SCALE 1 : 250.000
50 TRd TRg 45 70
Qt
40
Pzw Pzw 34 40 30 34
Ila

00
55 23
TRd Pzw
15
25 38 37
Wa Odi
Wa

41 25
D U
15
U 45

A
22
55
21 40 Pzw
TRg TRg TRg TRg 25
D
Wa h 0 5 10 15 20 25 Km
22 25

0
TRg Pzr Pzr 30
U Qa

50

W
Mko 35 Pzr 40
30 35 Qt
D

aT
U
00

25
40
W
15

ele
20
Tpl 50 D TRd 45
42 Pzw Pzw aM

P. B U R U
1000 1500 50
22
itik JKd
TRd 0 0 Pzw
D U U TRg 50
0

25
50
Pzr
100

30 35 20

D
40

MTk Pzw U 22 Ql JKd

TRd U 20
D 45 40

U
D
40 35 U Pzr
AP
35
Tpl 40
TRg 40 45
32
D 32
25
TRd 30
15
Pzr
40 40
A TRd 50
30
TRg
34
35
Pzr 30 40
30 50
W 24
Qa
25
00

35 Pzw Tpl
30
Qa Qt
15

30 30 32
TRg ta
00 Pzw
21 15
Qa MTk Pzr
40
D Fe
10
47
25
Ftau Pzr 50
Pzr a
Wa
25 30
Qt W

Danau Rana
U
35 40
30 Qa
25 35 U 38
33
40
00

TRd Qa

EXPLANATION :
TRg D U D
35

el
50 33 47
40
10

Kay
25 60 31 57
Tpl 25
TRd
40 34
D U
20

Lata
50 40 Qd li
25
40 45 45
TRd
Tomw rsa W
37 40

Wa
10
a 15
aE
50 40
40 30
M Pzw TRg

Wa
35
50
10 Pzr W 35 lah TRd
C
25
Tmfw
55
00 1000 Pzr a Pzw Wa Botit
Qa TRd 20 33
Pzw 15 25

U
Tmh 50 15
45
Pzr 20
60
Qt
: Boulder,gravel,sand,silt and mud : Coralline limestone

AP
en 60
10

U D Pzr
Lim
Tmw WAKATION
40 40
55 39
00

Wa U
Qa ALUVIUM
40 45 25 58
40
Pzw

WA
30
40 40 26
Qa
MTk
FORMATION
30 35 41
TRg 38
D Jm MTk 40 25 19
44
20
0
Qt 50
W

25
40 Pzr
U
45
aS

30
500 TRd 50
Pzr Pzw 42
58
35
Pzr 49
ihu

D
60
MTk
W

53
Pzr W Qt 30'
l

12 54
D
aH

TRd
25
Qa aK TRd
hi

30 Pzw
ua
Sib

1000

30' TRg D
25 51
U
idi

40
Wa a TRd
Qa Pzr Pzr
WAEKEN : Marl,sandy marl,calcilutite
i

50 30
Qa
Wa

Wa Duan

U
22

Mod
Qd LAKE DEPOSIT : Gravel,sand,silt and peat Tomw
Tpl Pzw 00
45
U 10 Pzr
D Pzw Pzw
FORMATION
Wa We

20 20 80
si MTk TRg Tmh Qt Wa Kiba Wa Ula
Msa U 20
40
25
500 Qa 15
00 85
e

Wa Walui a
Nged

Rema U Pzw
Tin
35

D D U ni
leh

t
D 500 Ha
Wa
a

35
al
35
MTk D
30
MTk
Wa Kum

500
Wa

Tmw Pzw 15
Pzw W Pzw
U MTk Tmw TRd Pzw
40 56

: Calcilitite,cherty
u

TERRACE
Wa Ap

50

KUMA
30 20
30 33

: Boulder,gravel,sand,silt and clay

45

Qt MTk
25
5
Tmw TRd
00
DU
lutite,chert,marl,conglomerate
10

DEPOSIT
15 10

FORMATION
40
9.600.000 mU (N)

40
uke

45
Tpl U TRd 70
40 23 30

9.600.000 mU (N)
35
45
aE

Qa Wa Kasi DTmw 35 45
23 45 Wa Ta
W

Tomw 0
35
pan
U TRd 50 23 40 35 30 40 50

10 Tmw D 50 Pzw 500 65

40
50

45 50 35 25
30
00
U
23 15
Pzw
10

D
40
Pzw 30 40

A
00

29

REEF
35
20 50
Pzw :

a
Tmw MTk
Ql : Reef limestone JKd DIABASE

Wa Sanan
TRd 30 40 35
TRd
LIMESTONE

W
25
Tpl 15 30
42
40 40 40
MTk DU

aL
30

MTk TRg U
TRg D
40
76 34
41 47 35
Pzw 45

um
50
20 25 34
60

ara
40 45
500 60
60 40 Pzw
U D
15
25
20 45
1000
Ql
25
Tomw U 40 40
40
Qa
Pzw
D
30
Tomw Pzw
Wa Na

: Basaltic lava and tuff

40 30 40
500 40
Pzw
LEKO MEFA
20
35
Qa
TRd Wa Likun
: Conglomerate,sandstone,limestone Jm
25 37
30
Pzw
10
50 30
Tpl PORMATION FORMATION
la

25 W 35 35 40
30
a W
TRd 1500 O a
Yo
500

TRd
35
25 35
ki 40 35
20
20
TRg 40 30 20 lumPzw
MTk TRg 1000 35
efa

25
20 U 45 25
55 U
M

35
l D
Oke
39 30
W
a

45
Tpa
D
AMBALAU
W

U
45
Wa a
: Sandstone,shale,siltstone,
27 40
W
Wa

40
M
: Andesitic lava and pyroclastics DALAN
49

C
30 30
aL

25
Jm 500 Wal55Nama 40
25
na 45

D 45'
25
Tpa ga
40
Qa
TRd
ata
Leks

U
35 40

45'
Tpav VOLCANIC conglomerate
45 45 50 45
50 47

FORMATION
45 45
MTk D
10

65
ula

16 25
00

TRd 50 70
ROCKS

P.AMBELAU
TRg 30
45
Wa
25
TRd
Tpl 45
Titb Qa
TRg TRd ara
to
Ko

30
30
TRg Qa
: Dolomitic
Wa

TRd
ANDESITE : Blottite andesite GHEGAN
Tpa
50

TRd
D U 45
TRg Ql
Ql
TRg FORMATION limestone,calcarenite,shale,marl
Qa
TRg
Ql F Jpav

FTAU : Andestic lava,volcanic breccia RANA : Phyllite,slate,meta arkose,meta

Ql
Jpav Ql
Tmfv Pzr
FORMATION tuff COMPLEX greywacke,marble
Ql

: Sandstone,shale,clay,siltstone, : Schist,phyllite,meta arosic

HOTONG WAHLUA
9.560.000 mU (N)

9.560.000 mU (N)
Tmh limstone,conglomerate Pzw
LAUT BANDA FORMATION COMPLEX sandstone,quartzite,marble

4° 00' LS (S) 4°00' LS(S)

126° 00' BT (E) 170.000 mT (E) 15' 200.000 mT (E) 30' 250.000 mT (E) 45' 127° 00' 300.000 mT (E) 15' 330.000 mT (E) 127°30' BT (E)
LEGEND:
PLUNGED STRIKE AND DIP OF
CONTACT
ANTICLINE FOLIATION
TRg 2500 m
2500 m TRg 2500 m
MTk Tmw MTk TRg TRd Qd
TRg Tpl MTk Tmw Qt
Qa Tpl Tpl Qa Pzr Pzr Qa
TRg
0m
MTk
MTk
TRg
TRd TRd TRd
Tmh 0m MTk TRd MTk Pzr
Pzr
Tpl 0m U NORMAL FAULT SYNCLINE SUNGAI
TRg TRg TRd
TRd
Pzr
Pzr Pzr
TRd
Pzr MTk
Tmh Tpa
TRd
Pzr
Pzw
Pzw Pzw D
-2500 m -2500 m -2500 m
A Pzr TRd
B C Pzw
D E
STRIKE AND DIP OF
2500 m 2500 m STRIKE SLIP BED, INTERPRETED 500 KONTUR
Qa TRg Qa Ql FAULT FROM AIR PHOTOS
0m TRd Pzr 0m
Pzw Pzw Pzw Pzw
Pzr Pzw Pzw Pzw Pzw
-2500 m -2500 m 50

F G STRIKE AND DIP

ANTICLINE
OF BED
 GEOTHERMAL
• Desa Wansalib, features geothermal
yang muncul

Air panas
Fumarol

Alterasi batuan
Sumber geothermal di masa datang?

9
Kontaminan (Discharge Alamiah)
Logam berat (Sludge)
Logam berat
Proses Pengkayaan
Proses Pengkayaan
CONTOH KONDISI TANAH AREA GEOTHERMAL

Hg, B, Li merupakan unsur

geokimia di tanah yang dipakai
sebagai petunjuk dalam eksplorasi
geothermal

Daerah dengan nilai kandungan

As, Hg, B, Li yang tinggi
merupakan daerah yang
mempunyai potensi geothermal
 CONTOH
MINERAL PENGHASIL ARSEN
• Enargite Cu3AsS4
• Realgar AsS
• Orpiment As2S3 (Presipitat
Geothermal)
• Proustite Ag3AsS3
• Arsenopyrite FeAsS
• Scorodite FeAsS4.8H20
 MEKANISME TRANSPORTASI ARSEN

Cairan Geothermal Titik Keluaran Sistem Perairan

Air pemukaan
H3AsO3 H3AsO3 H2AsO4- (<7) H3As03
air
Arsenious acid
H2AsO4- HAs04-2 (>7)
HAs04-2

Fe-HAs04- Methylated

*Akan di adsorp oleh hydrous oxida dan

lempung terutama pada pH rendah