LAPORAN RESMI
i
RINGKASAN
ii
SUMMARY
Heat transfer is the study of heat transfer between heat sources and heat
receivers. The purpose of this experiment is to be able to assembling the liquid
flow with co-current and counter-current direction, measure and calibrate the
tool, calculate the price of Ui, Uo, Uc, Ud, and Rd of the tool and provide
recommendations for the Heat exchanger based on the Rd value obtained.
The principle of this experiment is to find the overall heat transfer
coefficient (U) in a heat exchanger with a variable flow rate scale. The amount of
heat transferred can be calculated by knowing the temperature of the incoming
fluid which is designed in a single pass and operated on a co-current and counter-
current basis.
The experiment starts with stringing tools with co-current and counter-
current flows. The heater is turned on and then operated, then scales the hot fluid
rotameter. Each rotameter scale is recorded by flowrate, observing each variable
of the rotameter scale is carried out in an interval of 1 minute for 10 minutes and
hot fluid flowrate. If you want to change the direction of fluid flow, the pump and
heater are turned off first. After the operation is complete, the pump is turned off
and the device circuit is restored. In this experiment using the hot fluid
temperature variable entered 45oC and 55oC with a rotameter scale of 28, 32, and
36 carried out in co-current and counter-current flows.
Based on the results of the experiment, the values of Ui and Uo tend to
increase along with the addition of fluid flow rate, because according to the
decrease in the formula also because the contact of hot and cold fluids becomes
faster, then the coefficient is also due to faster contact of hot and cold fluids. the
heat transfer coefficient will be greater. The Uc and Ud values are directly
proportional to the increase in flow rate, and the Uc value is greater than Ud. Ud
value is influenced by the resistance of impurities that can cause fouling so that
the Ud value is greater than Uc. Value of Rd gets smaller with increasing
flowrate. Based on the experiment, the constants α, p and q are 4.233; 0.385; and
1,161.
Suggestions from this experiment are the procurement of cooling coils in the
reservoir, checking the circulation hose regularly, and recalibrating the
dimensions of the heat exchanger plate
iii
PRAKATA
Puji syukur kami panjatkan kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa yang telah
memberikan rahmat dan karunia-Nya. Sehingga kami dapat melaksanakan sebuah
praktikum dan menyelesaikannya dengan baik dan terusunlah sebuah laporan
resmi Praktikum Operasi Teknik Kimia materi Perpindahan Panas. Laporan ini
telah kami susun dengan sistematis dan sebaik mungkin. Hal ini bertujuan untuk
memenuhi tugas Praktikum Operasi Teknik Kimia.
Dengan selesainya laporan resmi praktikum ini, maka kami tidak lupa
mengucapkan banyak terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang terlibat dalam
penyusunan laporan praktikum operasi teknik kimia. Khususnya kepada :
1. Bapak Dr. Ir. Didi Dwi Anggoro, M. Eng selaku dosen kepala
Laboratorium Operasi Teknik Kimia
2. Prof. Dr. Hadiyanto, ST, M.Sc selaku dosen pengampu materi
Perpindahan Panas
3. Talita Maharani dan Fahmi Rifaldi selaku koordinator laboratorium
sekaligus asisten pengampu materi Perpindahan Panas
4. Seluruh teman-teman yang berkenan saling membantu menyelesikan
laporan praktikum proses kimia ini.
5. Orang tua yang rela memberikan dukungan materiil dan spiritual
Demikian ini laporan Praktikum Operasi Teknik Kimia yang telah kami
buat. Kami mohon kritik dan sarannya apabila terdapat kekurangan dalam
penyusunan laporan ini. Semoga laporan Praktikum Operasi Teknik Kimia ini
dapat bermanfaat bagi semua pihak. Juga bermanfaat bagi kami selaku penulis.
Penyusun
iv
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ..................................................................................... i
RINGKASAN ......................................................................................................... ii
SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... iii
PRAKATA............................................................................................................ . iv
DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................v
DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................. vii
DAFTAR GAMBAR.......................................................................................... . viii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN.......................................................................................... ix
BAB I PENDAHULUAN...................................................................................... ..1
1.1 Latar Belakang ...............................................................................................1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ..........................................................................................1
1.3 Tujuan Percobaan ...........................................................................................2
1.4 Manfaat Percobaan...................................................................................... ...2
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA..............................................................................3
2.1 Teori Perpindahan Panas................................................ ................................3
2.2 Jenis-jenis Perpindahan Panas ........................................................................4
2.3 Azas Black ......................................................................................................5
2.4 Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient (U) ...........................................................6
2.5 Pengertian Uo, Ui, Ud, dan Uc .......................................................................7
2.6 Pemilihan Fluida pada Shell dan Tube ...........................................................8
2.7 Penjabaran Rumus ∆TLMTD ............................................................................9
2.8 Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Co-Current dan Counter Current ....................11
BAB III METODE PERCOBAAN ........................................................................12
3.1 Rancangan Percobaan...................................................................................12
3.1.1 Rancangan Praktikum ...........................................................................12
3.1.2 Penetapan Variabel ...............................................................................13
3.2 Bahan dan Alat yang Digunakan ..................................................................13
3.3 Gambar Rangkaian Alat ...............................................................................13
3.4 Respon ..........................................................................................................14
3.5 Data yang Diperlukan ...................................................................................14
v
3.6 Prosedur Percobaan ......................................................................................14
3.7 Pengolahan Data ...........................................................................................15
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ...............................................................22
4.1 Hubungan Laju Alir Terhadap Nilai Uo dan Ui ...........................................22
4.2 Hubungan Laju Alir Terhadap Nilai Uc dan Ud ..........................................24
4.3 Perbandingan Koefisien Perpindahan Panas (Ud) ........................................26
4.4 Hubungan Suhu dengan Koefisien Perpindahan Panas (Ud) Praktis ...........28
4.5 Hubungan Laju Alir dengan Nilai Faktor Pengotoran .................................29
4.6 Perhitungan Nilai α, p, dan q ........................................................................30
BAB V PENUTUP .................................................................................................33
5.1 Kesimpulan ...................................................................................................33
5.2 Saran .............................................................................................................33
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................34
LAMPIRAN
vi
DAFTAR TABEL
vii
DAFTAR GAMBAR
viii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
ix