EXAR XR-2208 Operational Multiplier GENERAL DESCRIPTION ‘The XR-2208 operational multiplier combines a four- ‘quadrant analog multiplier (or modulator), a high fre- ‘quency butfer amplifier, and an operational amplifier in a monolithic circuit that is ideally suited for both analog ‘computation and communications signal processing appli- cation. As shown in the functional block diagram, for ‘maximum versatility the multiplier and operational amplifior ‘sections are not internally connected, They can be intor- connected, with a minimum number of external ‘components, to perform arithmetic computation, such as ‘multiplication, division, square-root extraction. The oper- ational amplifier can also function as a preamplifier for low-level input signals, or as a post detection amplifier for synchronous demodulator applications. For signal processing, the high frequency butter amplifier output is available at pin 15. This multiplier/butfor amplifier combi- ration extends the small signal 3-db bandwidth to 8-MHz and the transconductance bandwidth to 100MHz, The XR-2208 operates over a wide range of supply volt- ages, +4.5V to +16V. Current and voltage levels aro internally regulated to provide excellent power supply rejection and temperature stability. The XR-2208 oper- ates over a 0°C to 70°C temperature range. The XR- 2208M is specified for operation over the military tem- perature range of ~55°C to + 125°C, FEATURES Maximum Versatiity Independent Mutiplier, Op Amp, and Butter Excellent Linearity (0.9% typ.) Wide Bandwiath 3.dB BW. — 8MHz typ. 3° Phase Shift BW. — 1.2MHz typ, Transconductance BW. — 100MH2 typ. Simplified Offset Adjustments Wide Supply Voltage Range (24 5V to 16V) ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Power Supply V+ #18 Volts v- 18 Volts Power Dissipation Ceramic Package 750mW Derate above +25°C 6mWrc, Plastic Package 625mW Derate above + 25°C 5mWPC, Storage Temperature Range 65°C to +150°C. PIN ASSIGNMENT oe _E a ose ay) a") CE need Ue a v APPLICATIONS ‘Analog Computation ‘Multiplication | Division ‘Squaring ‘Square-Root Signal Processing ‘AM Generation Frequency Doubling Frequency Translation ‘Synchronous AM Detection Trianglo-to-Sinowave Converter AGC Ampltfior Phase Detector Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) Applications Motor Speed Control Precision PLL Cartier Detection Phase-Locked AM Demodulation ORDERING INFORMATION Part Number XR-2208M Ceramic XR-2208N Ceramic XR-2208P Plastic. XR-2208CN Ceramic XR-2208CP Plastic Package Operating Temperature 85°C to +125°C 0° to +70°C 0°C to +70°C 0° to +70°C 0°C to +70°CXR-2208 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Test Conditions: Supply Voltage = +15V, T, = 25°C, unless otherwise specified. sazaee | | panawerens [win Twe | WAX] WH] TYP] WAC] uNITs|FicuRES| __coNorTions ‘GENERAL Sippy volage Eo SergreT Supp Curent a 5 |e] ma] 2 | ieaneat in 16 MULTPLIER SECTION Norn Noel SETH (Ouputtrerin% oi Seay oa | os os] 0] % | 9 |vyqstoy.-toveve ov o3 | os ss] to) & WeDStOV AO EVE Sov a7 | Sa oe x Thus Ta Ton ow 1) 188i Feectvoug Win ar Er as | 70 | 120 | mv Ve=20Vpp.V,=0 ‘at &e | & | 350 | mvp) Wyle wep vI=8 Rose a, Kirn 2 200 | | mvos Vex 2009. Yano rp i Bo] mvp VeIBvbRvice Teper Coico Sele Facer 007 sor] | we Tow Tas Ton Not 1 Int Bis Cure Vint 2\ 6 a] | ma] 2 |tsotrives Commoningu i |e s | we] | 2 | eoirowes oat Ranta os | 10 % | 2 | sees oning no Pin a Pas up ote Voge so | 0 vo | wo] mv | 2 | Measures cose Pins 1 and2 i. temp. 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Typ ARS o EC Tews 66s oS OA 25 ‘CAUTION: "When wing only the ap amo online muller sacton oho 1.2208, the nau tamil oth une ection mut be grounded. Thus, when eng the miter section eone, rounds 13 and 4 whan using te amp sacion alone ground pine 2 4 and S| aanXR-2208 ‘SYSTEM DESCRIPTION ‘The XR-2208 operational multiplier contains a four-quad- rant muliplier with a butter ampifir for one ofthe differential ‘outputs for applications requiring high frequency appli- ‘cations. The inputs have a dynamic response of 4MHz {MHz for the Xinput) and a transconductance bandwidth ‘of 100MHz for phase detector applications. The fully independent operational amplifier features high gain and ‘large common mode rejection ratio (9048). The device ‘can be powered by voltages from 4.5 VDC to 16 VDC. Figure 1. Test Circuit for Quiescent Supply Current, Multiplier input Blas and Output Offset Vortage. Figure 2. Linearity Test Ciroult Figure 3, Test Circuit for Feedthrough Measurement X 0 and V, <0. The square root circuit may also be trimmed in the closed-loop mode by the following procedure: 1. Apply Vz = +0.10V and trim the output offset adjust for Vp = -0.316V. ‘Apply Vz = +0.9V and tim the X-olfset adjust for Vo =~3.0V, Apaly Ve Vp= -16V. +10V and trim the scale factor agjust for Repeat steps 1 through 8 until desired accuracy is achieved, EQUIVALENT SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM PARTI: SIGNAL PROCESSING ‘AM Generation Figure 17is the recommended circuit connection for gen- ‘erating double side-band (DSB) or suppressed carrior AM signals. Modulation and carrier inputs are applied to the X and Y inputs respectively. The carrier level at the out- put can be adjusted by the de voltage applied to pin 3. For suppressed cartier operation, the cartier feedthrough ‘can be further reduced by using the X and Y offset ad- justments. In this application, the unity-gain butfer amplifier section will provide a low impedance output if desired. If the butfer amp is not used, pin 15 should be open cir- ‘cuited to reduce power dissipation, Typical carrier suppression without offset adjustment is 40 @B for frequencies up to 1MHz, and 30dB for tre- ‘quencios up to 10MHz. For low frequency applications ('< 10kH2), carrier suppression can be reduced to 6008, by using the offset adjustment controls. Figure 18. Synchronous AM Detector ‘Synchronous AM Detection Figure 18 is a typical circuit connection for synchronous [AM detection for carrier frequencies up to 100MHz. The [AM input signal is applied to the multiplier *common* terminal (pin 4). The Y-gain terminals are shorted, and this section of the multiplier serves as a “limiter” for input signals 2 50mVims; the X-section of the multiplier oper- ates inits inear mode. The low-pass fiter capacitors, C, at pins 1 and 2 are used to fer the carrier feedthrough. If dosited, the op amp section can be used as an audio ‘preampifir to increase the demodulated output amplitude 2amTXR-2208 ‘Trlangle-to-Sinewave Conversion ‘A triangular input can be converted into a low distortion (THD < 1%) sinusoidal output with the XF-2208. A recom- ‘mended connection for this application is shown in Figure 19, The triangle input signal is applied to the X-input (pin 3). The multiplier section rounds off the peaks of this ir put and convers ito alow distortion sine wave. For the ‘component values shownin Figuro 19, the recommended input signal level at pin 3 is = 300mV pp in order to ob- tain a 2V pp sine wave output at pin 15. This waveform can be further amplified using the op amp section to pro- vide high level (10V pp), low distortion output at pin 11 1m Figure 19. Triangle-to-Sine Converter Phase Detection The multiplier section can be used as a phase detector. ‘Arecommended circuit connection is shown in Figure 20. ‘The reference inputs applied to pin 5, and the input sig ‘nal whose phase isto be detactodis applied to pin3. The ditferenial de voltage, Vp, atthe multiplier outputs (pins 1 and 2) is related to the phase difference, 0, between the two input signals, Vy and Vo, as: Kgcos 0 where Ky is the phase detector conversion gain. For input signals 2 SOmV rms, Ky is = 2V/radian and is inde- pendent of signal amplitude. For lower input amplitudes, Kg decreases linearly with the decreasing input level The capacitors C, at pins 1 and2 provide a low-pass filter with a time constant T, = R,C,, where Fy = 6k0 is the internal impedance level at these pins. If needed, the phase conversion gain can be increased by using the op amp section of the XR-2208 to further amplify the output voltage, V4. The XR-2208 is suitable for phase detection for input frequencies up to 100MHz. Pins 1 and 2 are normally tied to an operational amplifier placed in a difference amplifier contiguration, Figure 20. Phase-Detector Circuit Figure 21. Shows the summed output of the phase detector circuit with pin 1 applied tothe inverting in- put of esellloscope; pin 2 applied to thenoninverting input of oscilloscope. Cy = 129F, fiypur = 12MHz, © = 180°, Vp =-2.5 Voc+(8) 8'= 0°, (6) Vo = #2.5 VocXR-2208 Motor Speed Control ‘A motor speed control where the frequency ofthe motor is phase-locked" tothe input roference frequency, is shown in Figute 22. The multiplier section of the XR- 2208 is used as a phase-comparator, comparing tho phase of the tachometer output signal with the phase of ‘he reference input. The resulting error voltage across pins 1 and 2s low-pass ftered by capacitors C and ampli- fied by the op amp section. This error signal is then applied tothe motor fokd-winding te phase-lock the motor speed tothe input reference frequency, Phe t Figure 22. Motor Speed Control Circuit Precision PLL ‘A precision phase-locked loop may be constructed us- ing an XR-2207 voltage controlled oscillator and an XR-2208. (See Figure 23.) Due to the oxceliont temper- ature stability and wide sweep range of the XR-2207 this PLL circuit exhibits especially good stability of center fre- quency and wide lock range. In this application the XA-2208 serves as a phase comparator and level shitter. Resistor Ry adjusts the loop gain of the PLL, thus vary- ing the lock range. Tracking range may be varied trom about 1.5:1 up to 12:1. For large values of Ry, tempera- ture stability of center frequency is better than 30pprv°C. Phase-Locked AM and Carrier Detection ‘The XR-2208 can be used as a “quadrature detector” in conjunction with monolithic PLL circuits to perform phase- locked AM demodulation and for carrier-evel detection Figure 24 shows a recommended circuit connection for such applications. The XR-210 or XR-215 monolithic PLL Circuits can be adjusted to lock on the desired input AM signal and re-generate the unmodulated carrier. This, carrier frequency appears across the timing capacitor, Cy, 2279 ofthe PLL andis used as the “reference input" to the XR- 2208 multiplier. The AM signal is applied simultaneously to the PLL input and to the XR-2208 multipior input (pia 8), as shown in Figure 24 Figure 28. Precision PLL ‘Tho demodulated signals thon low-pass fitered by capa itor C, at the multiplier output, and can be amplified further to the desired audio level by using the op amp ‘section of the XR-2208. In the cartier detector applications, the op amp is used as a voltage comparator and produces a “high” or low" level logic signal at the op amp output when the input carrier level reaches a detection threshold level sot by an oxter- nal potentiometer. The output from the carrier detector can then be usedto enable the “ogic-output" stage of the XR-210 FSK modem, ‘The phase-locked AM or cartier detector system of Figure 23 shows a high dogroe of frequency selectivity, as deter- mined by the monolithic PLL “capture” band.width, Figure 24. Phase-Locked AM Demodulation or Carrier Detection