,661
9RO1R6HSWHPEHUSS
'HWHNVL(VFKHULFKLDFROLGDQ6DOPRQHOODSDGDMDPXNXQLUDVHPGL
'DHUDK*DPSLQJ6OHPDQ<RJ\DNDUWD
E e S
e
G g
ago
,ND$ILIDK1XJUDKHQL
8QLYHUVLWDVµ$LV\L\DK<RJ\DNDUWD,QGRQHVLD
LNDDILIDK#XQLVD\RJ\DDFLG
FRUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU
7DQJJDO6XEPLVL6HSWHPEHU7DQJJDO3HQHULPDDQ6HSWHPEHU
$EVWUDN
-DPXJHQGRQJWHUPDVXNREDWWUDGLVLRQDO\DQJXPXPGLNRQVXPVLPDV\DUDNDW,QGRQHVLD
VDODK VDWXQ\D MDPX NXQLU DVHP 7XMXDQ SHQHOLWLDQ LQL PHQGHWHNVL DGDWLGDNQ\D EDNWHUL
(VFKHULFKLD FROL GDQ 6DOPRQHOOD SDGD MDPX NXQLU DVHP GL 'DHUDK *DPSLQJ 0HWRGH
\DQJGLJXQDNDQDGDODK0310RVW3UREDEOH1XPEHUPHQJKLWXQJWRWDO&ROLIRUPSDGD
MDPX NXQLU DVHP 8ML SRVLWLI &ROLIRUP VHODQMXWQ\D GL GHWHNVL (VFKHULFKLD FROL GDQ
6DOPRQHOODSDGDPHGLXP(QGRDJDUGDQ6DOPRQHOODVKLJHOODDJDUEHUWXUXWWXUXW.H
VDPSHO GDUL WRWDO VHPELODQ VDPSHO MDPX NXQLU DVHP WHUNRQWDPLQDVL EDNWHUL &ROLIRUP
GHQJDQ MXPODK DQWDUD [ KLQJJD [ VHOPO 'HWHNVL (VFKHULFKLD FROL GDQ
6DOPRQHOODSDGDVDPSHONXQLUDVHPPHPEHULNDQKDVLOQHJDWLI
.DWDNXQFLMDPXJHQGRQJ031&ROLIRUP(VFKHULFKLDFROL6DOPRQHOOD
$EVWUDFW
7UDGLWLRQDOKHUEDOMDPXJHQGRQJLQFOXGLQJWUDGLWLRQDOPHGLFLQHVFRPPRQO\FRQVXPHG
E\WKHSHRSOHRI,QGRQHVLDRQHRIWKHPLVNXQLUDVHP7KHSXUSRVHRIWKLVVWXG\LVWR
GHWHFW WKH SUHVHQFH RI (VFKHULFKLD FROL DQG 6DOPRQHOOD EDFWHULD LQ NXQLU DVHP LQ WKH
*DPSLQJ $UHD 0RVW 3UREDEOH 1XPEHU 031 PHWKRG ZDV XVHG LQ WKLV VWXG\
FDOFXODWLQJ WKH WRWDO &ROLIRUP LQ NXQLU DVHP )XUWKHUPRUH SRVLWLYH FROLIRUP WHVW WKHQ
GHWHFWHGWKHSUHVHQFHRI(VFKHULFKLDFROLDQG6DOPRQHOODRQ(QGRDJDUDQG6DOPRQHOOD
VKLJHOODDJDUPHGLXPUHVSHFWLYHO\7KHVDPSOHVIURPDWRWDORIQLQHVDPSOHVRINXQLU
DVHPFRQWDPLQDWHG&ROLIRUPEDFWHULDEHWZHHQ[WR[FHOOVPO'HWHFWLRQ
RI(VFKHULFKLDFROLDQG6DOPRQHOODLQNXQLUDVHPJDYHQHJDWLYHUHVXOWV
.H\ZRUGVMDPXJHQGRQJ031&ROLIRUP(VFKHULFKLDFROL6DOPRQHOOD
'RLKWWSVGRLRUJMKHV7KLVLVDQRSHQDFFHVVDUWLFOHXQGHUWKH&&±%<6$OLFHQVH
,661
-XUQDO+HDOWKRI6WXGLHV
9RO1R6HSWHPEHUSS
3(1'$+8/8$1
,QGRQHVLD VHEDJDL QHJDUD WURSLV WHODK GLDQXJHUDKL EHUDJDP NRPRGLWDV WDQDPDQ
\DQJ EHUSRWHQVL VHEDJDL REDW WUDGLVLRQDO 'L EHEHUDSD GDHUDK UDFLNDQ REDW WUDGLVLRQDO
WHUVHEXW GLNHQDO GHQJDQ LVWLODKMDPX.RQVXPVLMDPXVXGDKPHQMDGL EXGD\DGDQWLGDN
GDSDW GLSLVDKNDQ GDUL PDV\DUDNDW ,QGRQHVLD -DPX PHPSXQ\DL EHUEDJDL NKDVLDW \DQJ
EHUJXQDEDJLNHVHKDWDQNHEXJDUDQVWDPLQDGDQNHFDQWLNDQ6DODKVDWXMDPX\DQJGDSDW
GLWHPXNDQGLVHWLDSSDVDUGDQGLPLQDWLROHKPDV\DUDNDW\DLWXMDPXJHQGRQJ
0HQXUXW 3HUDWXUDQ 0HQWHUL .HVHKDWDQ 5, 1R 7DKXQ SHQJHUWLDQ MDPX
JHQGRQJ \DLWX VXDWX XVDKD \DQJ GLNHPEDQJNDQ SHUVHRUDQJDQ PHQJJXQDNDQ EDKDQ
EDKDQ REDW \DQJ EHUVLIDW WUDGLVLRQDO GDQ GLEXDW GDODP EHQWXN FDLUDQ XQWXN GLEHULNDQ
ODQJVXQJ NHSDGD NRQVXPHQ VHKLQJJD PDVLK WHUMDJD NHVHJDUDQQ\D 1XULQJVLK
3HQDPDDQ LQL EHUKXEXQJDQ GHQJDQ FDUD PHQMXDO \DQJ ELDVD GLODNXNDQ ROHK SHQMXDO
MDPX\DLWXGHQJDQFDUDGLJHQGRQJ:XODQGDULGDQ$]ULDQLQJVLK0HVNLSXQSDGD
VDDW LQL FDUD SHQMXDODQ VXGDK EHUJHVHU GHQJDQ PHQDLNL VHSHGD PDXSXQ NHQGDUDDQ
EHUPRWRUDNDQWHWDSLLVWLODKMDPXJHQGRQJPDVLKPHOHNDWGLPDV\DUDNDW
3HQMXDO MDPX JHQGRQJ XPXPQ\D DGDODK SHUHPSXDQ 0HUHND PHUDFLN VHQGLUL
GDQPHQMDMDNDQMDPXQ\DGDULNDPSXQJNHNDPSXQJPDXSXQNHSDVDUSDVDUWUDGLVLRQDO
-DPXJHQGRQJGLSURGXNVLPHQJJXQDNDQEDKDQEDKDQ\DQJEHUDVDOGDULEHUEDJDLEDJLDQ
WDQDPDQ \DQJ EHUNKDVLDW VHEDJDL REDW DQWDUD ODLQ EDJLDQ EDWDQJ GDXQ EXDK PDXSXQ
DNDU WDQDPDQ VHJDU 3URVHV SHPEXDWDQ MDPX JHQGRQJ PDVLK GLODNXNDQ VHFDUD PDQXDO
GDQ WUDGLVLRQDO GHQJDQ DODWDODW VHGHUKDQD 7RUUL PHQMHODVNDQ EDKZD SURVHV
SHPEXDWDQ MDPX JHQGRQJ PHODOXL WDKDS SHUHEXVDQ SHQ\DULQJDQ GDQ KDQ\D GDSDW
GLPLQXPGDODPMDQJNDZDNWXWHUWHQWX+DOLQLGLNDUHQDNDQSURGXNMDPXJHQGRQJWLGDN
PHQJDQGXQJEDKDQSHQJDZHW
3URVHV SHQJRODKDQ MDPX \DQJ NXUDQJ PHPSHUKDWLNDQ DVSHN NHEHUVLKDQ VDQJDW
PHPXQJNLQNDQ WHUMDGLQ\D FHPDUDQ ROHK PLNURELD 3HUPDVDODKDQ LQL WHUNDLW GHQJDQ
NHEHUVLKDQ DLU WHPSDW SHPEXDWDQ GDQ SURGXNVL DODWDODW \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ XQWXN
SURGXNVL EDKDQ EDNX MDPX FDUD SHQ\LPSDQDQ VHUWD SHQJHORODDQ OLPEDK PDXSXQ
VDPSDK KDVLO SHPEXDWDQ MDPX 6DODK VDWX PLNURELD \DQJ XPXP GLJXQDNDQ VHEDJDL
LQGLNDWRU FHPDUDQ SDGD SURGXN PDNDQDQ GDQ PLQXPDQ \DLWX NHORPSRN EDNWHUL
&ROLIRUP
%DNWHUL&ROLIRUPVHFDUDDODPLGDSDWGLWHPXNDQGDODPKDELWDWQ\D\DQJEHUDGDGL
VDOXUDQ SHQFHUQDDQ PDXSXQ GL OLQJNXQJDQ WDQDK GDQ DLU .HEHUDGDDQQ\D SDGD VXDWX
SURGXNPDNDQDQPDXSXQPLQXPDQEXNDQEHUDUWLPHQXQMXNNDQNRQWDPLQDVLGDULIHVHV
PDQXVLD PDXSXQ KHZDQ DNDQ WHWDSL OHELKPHQJDUDKSDGDWLQJNDWVDQLWDVL \DQJEHOXP
EDLN 6DOPDQ +DPDG %HUEDJDL EDNWHUL GDUL JHQXV (VFKHULFKLD 6DOPRQHOOD
.OHEVLHOOD (QWHUREDFWHU 6HUUDWLD GDQ &LWUREDFWHU WHUPDVXN GDODP NHORPSRN EDNWHUL
&ROLIRUP6DOPDQ +DPDG0DXOLGDGNN-DVPDGLGNN
(VFKHULFKLDFROL(FROLDWDXVHULQJGLVHEXW&ROLIRUPIHNDOPHPSXQ\DLKDELWDW
DODPL GL VDOXUDQ SHQFHUQDDQ PDQXVLD PDXSXQ KHZDQ (VFKHULFKLD FROL GDSDW EHUWDKDQ
KLQJJD VXKX R& -HQLV EDNWHUL LQL PHUXSDNDQ LQGLNDWRU NRQWDPLQDQ PLNURELD \DQJ
EHUDVDO GDUL IHVHV ,QIHNVL \DQJ GDSDW GLWLPEXNDQ GDUL EDNWHUL (VFKHULFKLD FROL DQWDUD
ODLQ GLDUH LQIHNVL VDOXUDQ NHQFLQJ EDKNDQ PHQLQJLWLV 6XQDUGL 6HODLQ
(VFKHULFKLD FROL EDNWHUL &ROLIRUP \DQJ SHUOX GLZDVSDGDL NHEHUDGDDQQ\D SDGD SURGXN
PDNDQDQ \DLWX 6DOPRQHOOD %DNWHUL LQL WHUPDVXN NH GDODP IDPLO\ (QWHUREDFWHULDFHDH
,ND$¿IDK1XJUDKHQL'HWHNVL(VFKHULFKLD&ROLGDQ6DOPRQHOODSDGDMDPX
,661
--XUQDO+HDOWKRI6WXGLHV
9RO1R6HSWHPEHUSS
,ND$¿IDK1XJUDKHQL'HWHNVL(VFKHULFKLD&ROLGDQ6DOPRQHOODSDGDMDPX
,661
-XUQDO+HDOWKRI6WXGLHV
9RO1R6HSWHPEHUSS
3DGD XML SUDGXJD SUHVXPWLI WHVW VDPSHO MDPX NXQLU DVHP \DQJ GLSHUROHK
GLODNXNDQ SHQJHQFHUDQ KLQJJD 0HGLXP SHQJHQFHUDQ \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ \DLWX
PHGLXP /DFWRVH %URWK /% PHQJJXQDNDQ SHQJHQFHUDQ VHUL WDEXQJ 6HEDQ\DN
WDEXQJ UHDNVL \DQJ PDVLQJPDVLQJ EHULVL P/ PHGLXP /% WHODK GLVLDSNDQ EHULNXW
WDEXQJ GXUKDP WHUEDOLN GL GDODPQ\D 6HEDQ\DN P/ VDPSHO NXQLU DVHP GLDPELO GDUL
ZDGDK VWRN GDQ GLPDVXNNDQ NHGDODPVHULWDEXQJ \DQJSHUWDPD6HODQMXWQ\DP/
GDUL SHQJHQFHUDQ WHUVHEXW GLDPELO GDQ GLPDVXNNDQ NH GDODP VHUL WDEXQJ \DQJ
NHGXD3HQJHQFHUDQWHUDNKLUGDULGLDPELOP/VDPSHOMDPXXQWXNGLPDVXNNDQNH
GDODP VHUL WDEXQJ \DQJ NH 6HPXD WDEXQJ XML VHODQMXWQ\D GLLQNXEDVL SDGD VXKX
UXDQJ VHODPD MDP 3DGD MDP SHUWDPD WDEXQJ XML SHQJHQFHUDQ GLDPDWL XQWXN
GLFDWDWSHPEHQWXNDQJDV\DQJWHUSHUDQJNDSGDODPWDEXQJGXUKDP$SDELODDGDWDEXQJ
\DQJWLGDNWHUEHQWXNJDVSHQJDPDWDQGDSDWGLODNXNDQVHWHODKMDP
3HQJXMLDQVHODQMXWQ\D \DLWXXMLNRQILUPDVL&RQILUPDWLYH7HVW \DQJGLODNXNDQ
GHQJDQFDUDPHQJLQRNXODVLVHEDQ\DNRVHVDPSHOMDPX\DQJSRVLWLIWHUEHQWXNJDVSDGD
XMLSUDGXJDNHGDODPP/PHGLXP%ULOOLDQW*UHHQ/DFWRVH%LOH%URWK%*/%
6DPSHOXMLGLLQNXEDVLSDGDVXKXUXDQJVHODPDMDP3HQJDPDWDQGLODNXNDQSDGD
MDP SHUWDPD GDQ GLODQMXWNDQ KLQJJD MDP 6DPSHO SRVLWLI GLWDQGDL GHQJDQ
WHUEHQWXNQ\D JDV SDGD WDEXQJ GXUKDP VHEDJDLPDQD SDGD XML SUDGXJD 8ML NRQILUPDVL
GLODNXNDQ XQWXN PHPSHUNXDW GXJDDQ GDUL XML SUDGXJD PHQJHQDL NHEHUDGDDQ EDNWHUL
&ROLIRUP SDGD VDPSHO XML +DVLO SHQJDPDWDQ \DQJ GLSHUROHK GDUL XML NRQILUPDVL
VHODQMXWQ\D GLFDWDW GDQ GLNRQYHUVL VHVXDL GHQJDQ WDEHO 031 XQWXN PHPEHULNDQ QLODL
GXJDEHUGDVDUNDQNRPELQDVLWDEXQJSRVLWLIGDQQHJDWLI
3HQJXMLDQWHUDNKLU\DQJGLODNXNDQ\DLWXXMLOHQJNDS&RPSOHWHG7HVW3HQJXMLDQ
LQL GLODNXNDQ XQWXN PHQJHWDKXL NHEHUDGDDQ &ROLIRUP WHUWHQWX \DLWX (VFKHULFKLD FROL
GDQ 6DOPRQHOOD \DQJ GLWXPEXKNDQ SDGD PHGLXP SHUWXPEXKDQ \DQJ VSHVLILN 3DGD
NRQILUPDVL NHEHUDGDDQ (VFKHULFKLD FROL VHEDQ\DN RVH GDUL VDPSHO XML NRQILUPDVL
\DQJPHPEHULNDQQLODLSRVLWLIGLWXPEXKNDQSDGDPHGLXP(QGRDJDU6HGDQJNDQXQWXN
PHQJXML SHUWXPEXKDQ 6DOPRQHOOD VDPSHO GLWXPEXKNDQ SDGD PHGLXP 6DOPRQHOOD
VKLJHOOD DJDU ,QNXEDVL GLODNXNDQ VHODPD MDP SDGD VXKX UXDQJ +DVLO SRVLWLI
(VFKHULFKLD FROL SDGD VDPSHO XML GLWDQGDL GHQJDQ SHUWXPEXKDQ NRORQL EHUZDUQD KLMDX
NLODSORJDPSDGDPHGLXP'HPLNLDQMXJDSDGDPHGLXP6DOPRQHOODVKLJHOODDJDU\DQJ
DNDQ PHQJKDVLONDQ SHUWXPEXKDQ NRORQL EHUZDUQD KLMDX WXD DSDELOD VDPSHO SRVLWLI
PHQJDQGXQJ6DOPRQHOOD
7HNQLN3HQJXPSXODQ'DWD
3HQJXPSXODQ GDWD GLODNXNDQ GHQJDQ FDUD PHQHQWXNDQ DGD WLGDNQ\D
SHUWXPEXKDQEDNWHUL&ROLIRUPSDGDVDPSHONXQLUDVHP6DPSHOSRVLWLIGLWDQGDLGHQJDQ
SHPEHQWXNDQ JDV SDGD WDEXQJ UHDNVL VHWHODK ZDNWX LQNXEDVL GDODP PHGLXP \DQJ
VSHVLILN 3HQJXMLDQ SHUWXPEXKDQ (VFKHULFKLD FROL GDQ 6DOPRQHOOD GLODNXNDQ
PHQJJXQDNDQ PHGLXP \DQJ VSHVLILN WHUKDGDS EDNWHUL WHUVHEXW VHODPD ZDNWX LQNXEDVL
WHUWHQWX0HGLXP\DQJGLJXQDNDQ\DLWXPHGLXP(QGRDJDUXQWXN(VFKHULFKLDFROLGDQ
6DOPRQHOOD VKLJHOOD DJDU XQWXN PHQJXML SHUWXPEXKDQ 6DOPRQHOOD +DUPLWD GDQ 5DGML
$QDOLVLVGDQ,QWHUSUHWDVL'DWD
1LODL GXJD WHUGHNDW EHUGDVDUNDQ NRPELQDVL GDUL WDEXQJ XML \DQJ PHPEHULNDQ
KDVLO SRVLWLI GDQ QHJDWLI VHVXDL GHQJDQ WDEHO 031 6HODQMXWQ\D KDVLO GDUL WDEHO 031
,ND$¿IDK1XJUDKHQL'HWHNVL(VFKHULFKLD&ROLGDQ6DOPRQHOODSDGDMDPX
,661
--XUQDO+HDOWKRI6WXGLHV
9RO1R6HSWHPEHUSS
GLNDOLNDQGHQJDQIDNWRUSHQJHQFHUDQXQWXNGLSHUROHKMXPODKWRWDO&ROLIRUPGDODPVXDWX
VDPSHOXML
+$6,/'$13(0%$+$6$1
6HEDQ\DNP/VDPSHOMDPXNXQLUDVHPGDQNXQ\LWDVDPGDULNHSDVDUGL
'DHUDK *DPSLQJ GLDPELO GDQ GLODNXNDQ SHQJXMLDQ GHWHNVL EDNWHUL &ROLIRUP 6DPSHO
MDPXJHQGRQJGLPDVXNNDQNHERWRONDFDVWHULOXQWXNPHPLQLPDOLVLUNRQWDPLQDVL\DQJ
EHUDVDOGDULIDNWRUOXDUGDULMDPXVDDWSHUMDODQDQPHQXMXODERUDWRULXPXQWXNGLDQDOLVLV
6DPSHO \DQJ WHODK GLSHUROHK VHJHUD GLODNXNDQ DQDOLVLV XQWXN PHQJKLQGDUL WHUMDGLQ\D
SHUWXPEXKDQGDQSHUNHPEDQJDQEDNWHULNRQWDPLQDQVHKLQJJDKDVLOGDWD\DQJGLSHUROHK
EHQDUEHQDU PHQGHNDWL NRQGLVL Q\DWD VDDW SHQJDPELODQ VDPSHO 8ML &ROLIRUP \DQJ
GLODNXNDQ PHOLSXWL 8ML 3UDGXJD 3UHVXPWLI 7HVW GDQ 8ML .RQILUPDVL &RQILUPDWLYH
7HVW XQWXN PHQJHWDKXL NHEHUDGDDQ EDNWHUL &ROLIRUP VHFDUD XPXP GDQ 8ML /HQJNDS
&RPSOHWHG 7HVW XQWXN PHQJXML SHUWXPEXKDQ EDNWHUL (VFKHULFKLD FROL PDXSXQ
6DOPRQHOOD
+DVLO SHQJXMLDQ GHWHNVL EDNWHUL &ROLIRUP SDGD VDPSHO MDPX JHQGRQJ GLVDMLNDQ
SDGDWDEHO'LWLDSORNDVLSDVDUSHQMXDOMDPXJHQGRQJGLMDGLNDQVHEDJDLVDPSHO
SHQHOLWLDQ 'DUL ORNDVLSDVDU \DQJDGDGL'DHUDK*DPSLQJVDPSHONXQLUDVHP \DQJ
GLSHUROHKVHEDQ\DNVDPSHOGHQJDQNRGH.$*3DVDU*DPSLQJGDULSHQMXDOQR
.$*3DVDU*DPSLQJGDULSHQMXDOQR.$33DVDU3XQGXQJGDULSHQMXDOQR
.$33DVDU3XQGXQJGDULSHQMXDOQR.$6*3DVDU6RUH*DPSLQJGDULSHQMXDO
QR.$6*3DVDU6RUH*DPSLQJGDULSHQMXDOQR.$73DVDU7ORJRUHMRGDUL
SHQMXDOQR.$73DVDU7ORJRUHMRGDULSHQMXDOQR.$-3DVDU-DPERQ
7DEHO-XPODK&ROLIRUPSDGDVDPSHOMDPXJHQGRQJNXQLUDVHP
1R .RGH -XPODKFROLIRUP6HOP/ .HWHUDQJDQ
.$* [
.$* ![
.$3
.$3 [
.$6* [
.$6*
.$7 [
.$7
.$- ![
6HEDJLDQEHVDUVDPSHONXQLUDVHP\DQJGLDPELOGDULSDVDUGL'DHUDK*DPSLQJ
PHPEHULNDQQLODLSRVLWLI&ROLIRUPGHQJDQMXPODKEHUYDULDVLPXODLGDUL[KLQJJD
OHELK GDUL [ 6HOP/ $NDQ WHWDSL WLGDN VHPXD VDPSHO MDPX NXQLU DVHP \DQJ
GLDPELO PHPEHULNDQ KDVLO SRVLWLI &ROLIRUP VDPSHO MDPX \DQJ GLDPELO GDUL 3DVDU
3XQGXQJ3DVDU6RUH*DPSLQJGDQ3DVDU7ORJRUHMRPHPEHULNDQQLODL&ROLIRUP
VHOPODWDXQHJDWLI&ROLIRUPSDGDVDPSHOXML
3HPHULQWDK PHODOXL .HPHQWHULDQ .HVHKDWDQ .HPHQNHV 5, GDQ %DGDQ
3HQJDZDV2EDW0DNDQDQ320WHODKPHQJDWXUSHUHGDUDQREDWWUDGLVLRQDO\DQJDGDGL
PDV\DUDNDW .HPHQNHV 5, GDODP .HSXWXVDQ .HPHQWHULDQ .HVHKDWDQ 5, 1R
0(1.(66.9,,PHQJHQDL3HUV\DUDWDQ2EDW7UDGLVLRQDOWHODKPHQ\HEXWNDQ
VWDQGDU NHEHUDGDDQ PLNURELD SDWRJHQ SDGD VDPSHO GDODP KDO LQL VDPSHO MDPX \DLWX
QHJDWLI DWDX WLGDN DGD NDQGXQJDQ PLNURELD SDWRJHQ GDODP VDPSHO XML WHUPDVXN
&ROLIRUP%HJLWXSXOD\DQJWHUFDQWXPGDODP3HUDWXUDQ%DGDQ3201R7DKXQ
WHQWDQJ 3HUV\DUDWDQ 0XWX 2EDW -DPX DWDX REDW WUDGLVLRQDO WLGDN EROHK PHQJDQGXQJ
,ND$¿IDK1XJUDKHQL'HWHNVL(VFKHULFKLD&ROLGDQ6DOPRQHOODSDGDMDPX
,661
-XUQDO+HDOWKRI6WXGLHV
9RO1R6HSWHPEHUSS
PLNURELDSDWRJHQPHOLSXWL(VFKHULFKLDFROL6DOPRQHOODVS6KLJHOODVS3HVXGRPRQDV
DHUXJLQRVDGDQ6WDSK\ORFRFFXVDXUHXV
3HPEHQWXNDQ JDV GDODP WDEXQJ UHDNVL SDGD XML SUDGXJD GDQ XML NRQILUPDVL
PHQDQGDNDQ KDVLO SRVLWLI &ROLIRUP SDGDVDPSHO MDPX NXQLU DVHP VHEDJDLPDQD WHUVDML
SDGDJDPEDU*DV \DQJWHUDPDWLSDGDVDPSHOXMLDGDODKJDVNDUERQGLRNVLGD*DVLQL
PHUXSDNDQVDODKVDWXKDVLOPHWDEROLVPHUHVSLUDVLVHOXOHU\DQJGLODNXNDQROHKPLNURELD
GL GDODP PHGLXP \DQJ PHQJDQGXQJ VDPSHO MDPX *DV DNDQ PXQFXO VHEDJDL SURGXN
UHVSLUDVLVHOXOHUGDQWHUSHUDQJNDSSDGDWDEXQJGXUKDPWHUEDOLN\DQJGLOHWDNNDQGDODP
WDEXQJ UHDNVL \DQJ PHQJDQGXQJ PHGLXP SHUWXPEXKDQ VSHVLILN XQWXN &ROLIRUP
/DNWRVD \DQJ WHUVHGLD SDGD PHGLXP XML DNDQ GLJXQDNDQ ROHK EDNWHUL &ROLIRUP GDQ
PHQJKDVLONDQSURGXNEHUXSDJDVVHUWDDVDP(GEHUJHWDO
*DPEDU.HEHUDGDDQJDVGDODPWDEXQJGXUKDPSDGDSHQJXMLDQ&ROLIRUP
+DVLO SRVLWLI SDGD VDPSHO NXQLU DVHP GL XML SUDGXJD GDQ XML NRQILUPDVL DNDQ
GLODQMXWNDQ GHQJDQ XML OHQJNDS XQWXN PHQGHWHNVL NHEHUDGDDQ EDNWHUL (VFKHULFKLD FROL
PDXSXQ 6DOPRQHOOD VS 'HWHNVL WHUVHEXW GLODNXNDQ GHQJDQ FDUD SHQXPEXKDP VDPSHO
NXQLU DVHP SDGD PHGLXP EDNWHUL \DQJ VSHVLILN 3HQJXMLDQ GHWHNVL (VFKHULFKLD FROL
GLODNXNDQGHQJDQPHQXPEXKNDQVDPSHOXMLSRVLWLISDGDPHGLD(QGRDJDU6HGDQJNDQ
GHWHNVL6DOPRQHOODGLODNXNDQSDGDPHGLD6DOPRQHOODVKLJHOODDJDU
0HGLD(QGRDJDUPHUXSDNDQPHGLDVHOHNWLIXQWXNGHWHNVLGDQLVRODVLNHORPSRN
EDNWHUL JUDPQHJDWLINKXVXVQ\DEDNWHUL&ROLIRUPGDQ(VFKHULFKLDFROL6RGLXPVXOIDW
GDQ IXNKVLQ \DQJ PHQMDGL VDODK VDWX NRPSRVLVL PHGLD PHQJKDPEDW SHUWXPEXKDQ
EDNWHUL JUDP SRVLWLI 6HEDOLNQ\D (VFKHULFKLD FROL DNDQ PHQJJXQDNDQ ODNWRVD GDODP
PHGLD VHUWD PHQJKDVLONDQ DOGHKLGD GDQ DVDP 5HDNVL DQWDUD VHQ\DZD DOGHKLGD GDQ
IXNKVLQ PHQ\HEDENDQ NRORQL (VFKHULFKLD FROL EHUZDUQD KLMDX PHWDOLN 6HGDQJNDQ
PHGLD 6DOPRQHOOD VKLJHOOD DJDU VSHVLILN XQWXN LVRODVL NHORPSRN 6DOPRQHOOD PDXSXQ
6KLJHOOD %DNWHUL 6DOPRQHOOD WLGDN GDSDW PHPIHUPHQWDVL ODNWRVD \DQJ WHUGDSDW GDODP
PHGLD VHKLQJJD NRORQL \DQJ WXPEXK DNDQ EHUZDUQD WUDQVSDUDQ 0HVNLSXQ GHPLNLDQ
6DOPRQHOOD GDSDW PHPSURGXNVL VXOILGD \DQJ PHQJKDVLONDQ NRORQL VSHVLILN EHUZDUQD
NHKLWDPDQ SDGD EDJLDQ WHQJDK NRORQL +DO LQL GLVHEDENDQ DGDQ\D UHDNVL GHQJDQ
VHQ\DZDWLRVXOIDWGDQEHVL\DQJDGDGDODPPHGLD0HUFN
6HPXD VDPSHO MDPX NXQLU DVHP \DQJ GLDPELO GDUL SDVDU GL 'DHUDK *DPSLQJ
PHPEHULNDQKDVLOQHJDWLIXQWXNXMLGHWHNVL(VFKHULFKLDFROLPDXSXQ6DOPRQHOOD+DVLO
XML OHQJNDS XQWXN EDNWHUL (VFKHULFKLD FROL GDQ 6DOPRQHOOD WHUVDML SDGD WDEHO EHULNXW
,ND$¿IDK1XJUDKHQL'HWHNVL(VFKHULFKLD&ROLGDQ6DOPRQHOODSDGDMDPX
,661
--XUQDO+HDOWKRI6WXGLHV
9RO1R6HSWHPEHUSS
LQL
7DEHO+DVLOXMLOHQJNDSXQWXNGHWHNVL(VFKHULFKLDFROLGDQ6DOPRQHOODSDGDVDPSHOMDPXNXQLUDVHP
-XPODKEDNWHUL&)8P/
1R .RGH
(VFKHULFKLDFROL 6DOPRQHOOD
.$*
.$*
.$3
.$3
.$6*
.$6*
.$7
.$7
.$-
%DNWHUL&ROLIRUPVHSHUWL(VFKHULFKLDFROLGDQ6DOPRQHOODWXPEXKGHQJDQEDLN
SDGD VXKX R& 6XKX OLQJNXQJDQ GL DWDV R& DNDQ PHQJKDPEDW SHUWXPEXKDQ
EDNWHUL WHUVHEXW 1RRU HW DO .HHUWKLUDWKQH HW DO 2OHK NDUHQD LWX VXKX
LQNXEDVL \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ SDGD SHQHOLWLDQ LQL PHQJJXQDNDQ VXKX UXDQJ \DQJ EHUNLVDU
DQWDUD R& 6WHULOLVDVL DODW GDQ EDKDQ PDXSXQ WHNQLN DVHSWLV SDGD VHWLDS WDKDSDQ
GLODNXNDQ XQWXN PHQJKLQGDUNDQ NRQWDPLQDVLSDGDKDVLOVHKLQJJDGDWD \DQJGLSHUROHK
EHQDUEHQDUPHQXQMXNNDQNRQGLVLPLNURELDSDGDVDPSHOXML
%DNWHUL&ROLIRUPPHUXSDNDQVDODKVDWXPLNURELDLQGLNDWRUSDGDSURGXNSDQJDQ
PDXSXQ PLQXPDQ \DQJ PHQJLQGLNDVLNDQ DGDQ\D FHPDUDQ %DNWHUL &ROLIRUP GDSDW
EHUWDKDQ SDGD WHPSHUDWXU R& 0HOOLDZDWL &HPDUDQ \DQJ PXQFXO NDUHQD
NHEHUDGDDQ NHORPSRN EDNWHUL LQL WLGDN VHODOX EHUDVDO GDUL IHVHV VHEDE KDELWDW DODPL
EDNWHUL &ROLIRUP MXJD EHUDVDO GDUL OLQJNXQJDQ WDQDK PDXSXQ DLU .HEHUDGDDQ EDNWHUL
&ROLIRUPSDGDVDPSHOSDQJDQPDXSXQPLQXPDQPHQJLQGLNDVLNDQDVSHNSURFHVVLQJGDQ
VDQLWDVL \DQJ NXUDQJ PHPDGDL VDDW SURGXNVL $GULDQWR PHQ\HEXWNDQ EDKZD
NHEHUDGDDQ &ROLIRUP EHUEDQGLQJ OXUXV GHQJDQ SHQFHPDUDQ DLU SDGD VXDWX SURGXN
8PXPQ\DDGDQ\D&ROLIRUPGHQJDQMXPODK\DQJWLQJJLGDODPVXDWXVDPSHOXPXPQ\D
GLLNXWL SXOD GHQJDQ NHEHUDGDDQ NHORPSRN PLNURELD SDWRJHQ ODLQQ\D VHSHUWL
6WDSK\ORFRFFXVPDXSXQ%DFLOOXV0DUWR\RHWDO%DGDQ3205,
1XUDFKPDQ GNN GDODP SHQHOLWLDQQ\D PHQMHODVNDQ EDKZD DGD NRUHODVL
SRVLWLI DQWDUD VDQLWDVL OLQJNXQJDQ SURGXNVL GHQJDQ WRWDO EDNWHUL &ROLIRUP SDGD SURGXN
MDPX JHQGRQJ .HDGDDQ VDQLWDVL \DQJ NXUDQJ EDLN VHSHUWL NRQGLVL DWDS UXDQJ \DQJ
NXUDQJOD\DNODQWDL\DQJPDVLKGDODPNRQGLVLSOHVWHUDQGDQEHUGHEXWHPSDWVDOXUDQDLU
NRWRU GDODP NRQGLVL WHUEXND PDXSXQ WHPSDW SHQ\LPSDQDQ EDKDQ EDNX GDQ SURGXN
MDPX\DQJWLGDNEHUVLKGDSDWPHPEHULNDQKXEXQJDQ\DQJVLJQLILNDQGHQJDQQLODLWRWDO
EDNWHUL &ROLIRUP 3HQ\HEDUDQ EDNWHUL &ROLIRUP GDSDW WHUMDGL PHODOXL NRQWDN DQWDU
PDQXVLDVHSHUWLGDULWDQJDQNHPXOXWPDXSXQSHQ\HEDUDQPHODOXLOLQJNXQJDQGDQDODW
DODWSURGXNVL\DQJGLJXQDNDQ)DODP\GNN3XWULGNNMXJDPHQ\HEXWNDQ
MLND SURGXVHQ MDPX JHQGRQJ VNDOD ,QGXVWUL 5XPDK 7DQJJD ,57 XPXPQ\D EHOXP
VHVXDL GHQJDQ VWDQGDU EDNX &DUD 3URGXNVL 3DQJDQ \DQJ %DLN &33% VHEDJDLPDQD
PHQJDFX SDGD 3HGRPDQ &33%,57 GDODP .HSXWXVDQ .HSDOD %320 5, 1R
,ND$¿IDK1XJUDKHQL'HWHNVL(VFKHULFKLD&ROLGDQ6DOPRQHOODSDGDMDPX
,661
-XUQDO+HDOWKRI6WXGLHV
9RO1R6HSWHPEHUSS
+.VHKLQJJDPHPSHUEHVDUWHUMDGLQ\DNRQWDPLQDVLPLNURELDSDGDSURGXN
MDPXQ\D %DNWHUL &ROLIRUP WHUPDVXN NH IDPLO\ (QWHUREDFWHULFHDH GHQJDQ DQJJRWD
VHSHUWL(VFKHULFKLDFROL6DOPRQHOOD.OHEVLHOOD6HUUDWLDGDQ(QWHUREDFWHU
6HPXD DQJJRWD &ROLIRUP WHUPDVXN NHORPSRN EDNWHUL JUDP QHJDWLI \DQJ GDSDW
PHQJHOXDUNDQVHQ\DZDWRNVLQGDULDNWLYLWDVELRORJLODSLVDQPHPEUDQEDJLDQOXDURXWHU
PHPEUDQH GL VWUXNWXU GLQGLQJ VHOQ\D 6HQ\DZD WRNVLQ GLNHOXDUNDQ ROHK EDJLDQ RXWHU
PHPEUDQH \DQJ WHUVXVXQ GDUL ODSLVDQ OLSRSROLVDNDULGD \DQJ GLVHEXW GHQJDQ LVWLODK
HQGRWRNVLQ 7RNVLVLWDV LQL EHUNDLWDQ GHQJDQ ODSLVDQ OLSLG $ SDGD EDJLDQ
OLSRSROLVDNDULGD 2OHK NDUHQD LWX LQIHNVL NHORPSRN &ROLIRUP VHSHUWL (VFKHULFKLD FROL
GDQ 6DOPRQHOOD GDSDW PHQ\HEDENDQ PXQFXOQ\D JHMDODJHMDOD JDVWURLQWHVWLQDO DQWDUD
ODLQVDNLWSHUXWGLDUHGDQPXQWDK0DGLJDQHWDO
.DUDNWHULVWLN EDNWHUL (VFKHULFKLD FROL DQWDUD ODLQ EHUEHQWXN EDWDQJ GDQ WLGDN
PHQJKDVLONDQVSRUD6HFDUDXPXP(VFKHULFKLDFROLWLGDNEHUEDKD\DDNDQWHWDSLGDSDW
PHQLPEXONDQ NHUDFXQDQ \DQJ VHULXV SDGD PDQXVLD $ULVPDQ %DNWHUL
(VFKHULFKLDFROLPHUXSDNDQVDODKVDWXLQGLNDWRUSHQFHPDUDQGLPDQDNHEHUDGDDQQ\DGL
OXDU WXEXK PDQXVLD PHQJLQGLNDVLNDQ DGDQ\D NRQWDPLQDVL GDUL IHVHV PDQXVLD PDXSXQ
KHZDQ VHODPD SURVHV SHPEXDWDQ MDPX 0DXOLGD GNN PHQ\HEXWNDQ EDKZD
VHEDJLDQ EHVDU SHPEXDWDQ MDPX PDVLK GLODNXNDQ VHFDUD WUDGLVLRQDO \DQJ EHOXP
PHQJHGHSDQNDQ DVSHN KLJLHQLV SHUVRQDO .HWLDGDDQ VDUXQJ WDQJDQ VHODPD SURVHV
SURGXNVLMDPXSHPDNDLDQDLU\DQJEHOXPPHQGLGLKPDVDNSHUDODWDQ\DQJWLGDNEHUVLK
ZDGDK SHQ\LPSDQDQ MDPX \DQJ NXUDQJ EHUVLK GDQ NRQGLVL ULPSDQJ EDKDQ EDNX
SHPEXDWDQMDPX\DQJWLGDNEHUVLKVHPDNLQPHPSHUEHVDUSHQFHPDUDQ(VFKHULFKLDFROL
\DQJWHUGHWHNVLSDGDVDPSHOMDPX
(VFKHULFKLDFROLWHUPDVXNGDODPNHORPSRNEDNWHUL\DQJVHQVLWLIWHUKDGDSVXKX
WLQJJL $NDQ WHWDSL EHEHUDSD SHQHOLWLDQ PHODSRUNDQ EDKZD EDQ\DN VWUDLQ (VFKHULFKLD
FROL \DQJ UHVLVWHQ WHUKDGDS SHPDQDVDQ /L DQG *DQ]OH 0HQXUXW /LX HW DO
GDQ0HUFHUHWDO(VFKHULFKLDFROLGDSDWEHUWDKDQKLGXSSDGDVXKXR&
VHODPDPHQLW0HVNLSXQGHPLNLDQSHUODNXDQSHPDQDVDQSDGDVXKXR&VHODPD
GHWLN WHUEXNWL VHFDUD HIHNWLI PDPSX PHPEXQXK (VFKHULFKLD FROL GDQ 6WDSK\ORFRFFXV
DXUHXV6DLPDKGNN3HPDQDVDQSDGDVXKXWLQJJLDNDQPHUXVDNVWUXNWXUVHOQ\D
DQWDUD ODLQ PHUXVDN VWUXNWXU PHPEUDQ VHO SURWHLQ VLWRSODVPD GDQ DVDP QXNOHDW
0DFNH\ 6HKLQJJD VDODK VDWX FDUD \DQJ ELVD GLDSOLNDVLNDQ ROHK SDUD SURGXVHQ
MDPX \DLWX GHQJDQ PHQJJXQDNDQ DLU PHQGLGLK SDGD SURVHV SHPEXDWDQ MDPX XQWXN
PHQFHJDKNHEHUDGDDQPLNURELDSDWRJHQ
6HODLQ (VFKHULFKLD FROL 6DOPRQHOOD MXJD PHUXSDNDQ SHQ\HEDE SHQ\DNLW \DQJ
EHUDVDOGDULPDNDQDQIRRGERUQHGLVHDVH3HQ\HEDUDQEDNWHULLQLVHFDUDXPXPWHUMDGL
DQWDU PDQXVLD PHODOXL SURGXN PDNDQDQ PDXSXQ PLQXPDQ \DQJ WHUNRQWDPLQDVL
6DOPRQHOOD ,QIHNVL 6DOPRQHOOD GDSDW PHQ\HEDENDQ PXQFXOQ\D JHMDOD GHPDP GLDUH
VDNLWSHUXWPXDOGDQPXQWDK \DQJELDVDQ\DDNDQPXQFXOVHWHODKMDPNRQVXPVL
PDNDQDQ\DQJWHUNRQWDPLQDVL)KLWU\DQLGNN
6DOPRQHOOD XPXPQ\D GLWHPXNDQ SDGD VD\XUVD\XUDQ PDXSXQ ULPSDQJ
WXPEXKDQ \DQJ PDVLK VHJDU .HEHUDGDDQQ\D ELVD GLVHEDENDQ NDUHQD NRQWDPLQDVL GDUL
WDQDK\DQJPHQJDQGXQJVLVDVLVDNRWRUDQGDULPDQXVLDPDXSXQKHZDQ)DORPLUHWDO
.HEHUDGDDQ 6DOPRQHOOD ELDVDQ\DGLWHPXNDQ EHUVDPD GHQJDQ NHORPSRN EDNWHUL
ODLQ VHSHUWL 6HUUDWLD PDUFHVFHQV .OHEVLHOOD SQHXPRQLDH (QWHUREDFWHU FORDFDH
,ND$¿IDK1XJUDKHQL'HWHNVL(VFKHULFKLD&ROLGDQ6DOPRQHOODSDGDMDPX
,661
--XUQDO+HDOWKRI6WXGLHV
9RO1R6HSWHPEHUSS
(QWHUREDFWHUVDND]DNLLPDXSXQ$FLQHWREDFWHUEDXPDQQLL/\QFKHWDO%UDQGO
+DPLOWRQ HW DO 6XKDUPLDWL GDODP )KLWU\DQL GNN PHQ\HEXWNDQ
EDKZD EHEHUDSD SURGXN MDPX JHQGRQJ GLEXDW WDQSD SURVHV SHUHEXVDQ %DKDQ EDNX
KDQ\D GLPDVXNNDQ NH GDODP DLU PHQGLGLK 3HQJJXQDDQ EDKDQ EDNX \DQJ EHUVLK GDQ
EHUNXDOLWDVEDLNGDSDWPHPSHUNHFLONHEHUDGDDQ6DOPRQHOODSDGDSURGXNMDPX
6,038/$1
+DVLO SHQHOLWLDQ PHQXQMXNNDQ EDKZD VDPSHO MDPX NXQLU DVHP \DQJ GLDPELO
GDUL SDVDUSDVDU \DQJ EHUDGD GL 'DHUDK *DPSLQJ PDVLK PHQJDQGXQJ DGDQ\DFHPDUDQ
EDNWHUL &ROLIRUP GHQJDQ MXPODK EHUYDULDVL \DLWX DQWDUD [ KLQJJD [
6HOP/ $NDQ WHWDSL VHPXD VDPSHO PHPEHULNDQ KDVLO QHJDWLI XQWXN SHQJXMLDQ EDNWHUL
(VFKHULFKLDFROLGDQ6DOPRQHOOD
6$5$1
3URGXVHQ MDPX JHQGRQJ KHQGDNQ\D PHPSHUKDWLNDQ DVSHN NHEHUVLKDQ VDDW
SURVHV SURGXNVL MDPX GDQ PHPSHUKDWLNDQ VDQLWDVL OLQJNXQJDQ VHNLWDU 6HODLQ LWX
GXNXQJDQ GDUL 3HPHULQWDK VHWHPSDW GDQ 'LQDVGLQDV WHUNDLW WHWDS GLSHUOXNDQ XQWXN
PHPEHULNDQ SHPELQDDQ NHSDGD SDUD SURGXVHQ GDQ SHUDFLN MDPX JHQGRQJ DWDX MDPX
WUDGLVLRQDO XQWXN PHQLQJNDWNDQ PXWX SURGXN MDPX \DQJ GLEXDWQ\D +DO LQL SHQWLQJ
VHEDJDLXSD\DXQWXNPHQMDPLQNHDPDQDQSDQJDQEDJLNRQVXPHQMDPX
'$)7$53867$.$
$GULDQWR 5 3HPDQWDXDQ MXPODK EDNWHUL FROLIRUP GL SHUDLUDQ VXQJDL 3URYLQVL
/DPSXQJ0DMDODK7HN$JUR,QG
$ULVPDQ.HUDFXQDQ0DNDQDQ-DNDUWD3HQHUELW%XNX.HGRNWHUDQ(*&
%DGDQ 3HQJDZDV 2EDW 0DNDQDQ 5HSXEOLN ,QGRQHVLD 3HQJXMLDQ 0LNURELRORJL
3DQJDQ,QIR320
%DPEDQJ$*)DWLPDZDOL.RMRQJ16$QDOLVLV&HPDUDQ%DNWHUL&ROLIRUP
GDQ ,GHQWLILNDVL (VFKHULFLD &ROL SDGD $LU ,VL 8ODQJ GDUL 'HSRW GL .RWD 0DQDGR
-XUQDO,OPLDK)DUPDVL
%UDQGO 07 )LWQHVV RI +XPDQ (QWHULF 3DWKRJHQV RQ 3ODQWV DQG ,PSOLFDWLRQV
IRU)RRG6DIHW\$QQXDO5HYLHZRI3K\WRSDWKRO
(GEHUJ6&/5LFH(:.DUOLQ5-$OOHQ0-(VFKHULFKLDFROL7KH
%HVW%LRORJLFDO'ULQNLQJ:DWHU,QGLFDWRUIRU3XEOLF+HDOWK3URWHFWLRQ-RXUQDORI
$SSOLHG0LFURELRORJ\
)DODP\ 5 :DUJDQHJDUD ( $SULOLDQD ( 'HWHNVL %DNWHUL &ROLIRUP SDGD
-DMDQDQ 3DVDU &LQFDX +LWDP GL 3DVDU 7UDGLVLRQDO GDQ 6ZDOD\DQ .RWD %DQGDU
/DPSXQJ0HGLF-RI/DPSXQJ8QLY
)DORPLU 03 *R]DOER ' 5LFR+&ROLIRUP%DFWHULDLQ )UHVK9HJHWDEOHV
)URP &XOWLYDWHG /DQGV WR &RQVXPHUV &XUU 5HVHDUFK 7HFK DQG (GX 7RSLFV LQ
$SSO0LFURELRODQG0LFURELDO%LRWHFK
)KLWU\DQL 6 6XU\DQWR ' .DULP $ 3HPHULNVDDQ (VFKHULFKLD FROL
6WDSK\ORFRFFXVDXUHXVGDQ6DOPRQHOOD6SSDGD-DPX*HQGRQJ\DQJ'LMDMDNDQGL
,ND$¿IDK1XJUDKHQL'HWHNVL(VFKHULFKLD&ROLGDQ6DOPRQHOODSDGDMDPX
,661
-XUQDO+HDOWKRI6WXGLHV
9RO1R6HSWHPEHUSS
.RWD0HGDQ-%LROLQN
+DPLOWRQ $- 6WDJQLWWL ) 3UHPLHU5%RODQG$0+DOH*4XDQWLWDWLYH
0LFURELDO5LVN$VVHVVPHQW0RGHOVIRU&RQVXPSWLRQRI5DZ9HJHWDEOHV,UULJDWHG
ZLWK5HFODLPHG:DWHU$SSODQG(QYLURQ0LFURELRO
+DUPLWD 5DGML0%XNX$MDU$QDOLVLV+D\DWL(GLVL-DNDUWD3HQHUELW%XNX
.HGRNWHUDQ(*&
-DVPDGL+DU\DQL<-RVH&3UHYDOHQVL%DNWHUL&ROLIRUPGDQ(VFKHULFLDFROL
3DGD 'DJLQJ 6DSL \DQJ 'LMXDO GL 3DVDU 7UDGLVLRQDO GDQ 3DVDU 0RGHUQ GL .RWD
3HNDQEDUX-20)0,3$
.HHUWKLUDWKQH 7+ 5RVV . )DOORZILHOG + :KLOH\ + $ 5HYLHZ RI
7HPSHUDWXUHS+DQG2WKHU)DFWRUV7KDW,QIOXHQFHWKH6XUYLYDORI6DOPRQHOODLQ
0D\RQQDLVHDQG2WKHU5DZ(JJ3URGXFWV3DWKRJHQV
/L + *DQ]OH 0 6RPH /LNH ,W +RW +HDW 5HVLVWDQFH RI (VFKHULFKLD FROL
)URQW0LFURELRO
/LX<+HDWDQG3UHVVXUH5HVLVWDQFHRI(VFKHULFKLDFROLDQG,WV,QDFWLYDWLRQLQ
WKH3UHVHQFHRI$QWLPLFURELDO&RPSRXQGV'RFWRU¶VWKHVLV8QLYHUVLW\RI$OEHUWD
(GPRQWRQ
/\QFK0)7DX[H59+HGEHUJ&:7KH*URZLQJ%XUGHQRI)RRGERUQH
2XWEUHDNV 'XH WR &RQWDPLQDWHG )UHVK 3URGXFH 5LVNV DQG 2SSRUWXQLWLHV
(SLGHPLRODQG,QIHFW
0DFNH\ % 0 0LOHV & $ 3DUVRQV 6 ( 6H\PRXU ' $ 7KHUPDO
'HQDWXUDWLRQ RI :KROH &HOOV DQG&HOO&RPSRQHQWVRI(VFKHULFKLD FROL([DPLQHG
E\'LIIHUHQWLDO6FDQQLQJ&DORULPHWU\-*HQ0LFURELRO±
0DGLJDQ070DUWLQNR-0%HQGHU.6%XFNOH\'+6WDKO'$%URFN
%LRORJ\ RI 0LFURRUJDQLVPV WK (GLWLRQ 8QLWHG 6WDWH RI $PHULFD 3HDUVRQ
(GXFDWLRQ,QF
0DUWR\R 3 <XQLDUWL 5' +DUL\DGL :3 5DKD\X .DMLDQ &HPDUDQ 0LNURED
GDODP3DQJDQ,QGRQHVLD-6WDQGDULVDVL
0DXOLGD )- .KRLURQ 1LQJUXP375.HEHUDGDDQ%DNWHUL(VFKHULFLD FROL
SDGD -DPX *HQGRQJ GL -DODQ 6XPDWHUD .HFDPDWDQ 6XPEHUVDUL .DEXSDWHQ
-HPEHU$UWLNHO,OPLDK+DVLO3HQHOLWLDQ0DKDVLVZD8QLYHUVLWDV-HPEHU-HPEHU
0HOOLDZDWL 5 (VFKHULFKLD FROL 'DODP .HKLGXSDQ 0DQXVLD%LR7UHQGV
0HUFHU 5 =KHQJ - *DUFLD+HUQDQGH] 5 5XDQ / *lQ]OH 0 0F0XOOHQ /
*HQHWLF 'HWHUPLQDQWV RI +HDW 5HVLVWDQFH LQ(VFKHULFKLD FROL)URQW
0LFURELRO
0HUFN0HUFN0LFURELRORJ\0DQXDOWK(GLWLRQ*HUPDQ\0HUFN &R
1RRU 5 ,VODP = 0XQVKL 6. 5DKPDQ ) ,QIOXHQFH RI 7HPSHUDWXUH RQ
(VFKHULFKLD FROL *URZWK LQ 'LIIHUHQW &XOWXUH 0HGLD - RI 3XUH DQG $SSO
,ND$¿IDK1XJUDKHQL'HWHNVL(VFKHULFKLD&ROLGDQ6DOPRQHOODSDGDMDPX
,661
--XUQDO+HDOWKRI6WXGLHV
9RO1R6HSWHPEHUSS
0LFURELRO
1XULQJVLK . 3HPEHUGD\DDQ 8VDKD 0LNUR %HUEDVLV -DPX 6HEDJDL %HQWXN
.HWDKDQDQ (NRQRPL 0DV\DUDNDW 6HPQDV )HNRQ 2SWLPLVPH (NRQRPL ,QGRQHVLD
$QWDUD3HOXDQJGDQ7DQWDQJDQ8QLYHUVLWDV7HUEXND
1XUUDKPDQ 0LIEDNKXGGLQ 3XUQDPDVDUL ' +XEXQJDQ VDQLWDVL GHQJDQ WRWDO
PLNUREDGDQWRWDONROLIRUPSDGDMDPXJHQGRQJGL5W5Z.HOXUDKDQ.HGXQJ
0XQGX.HFDPDWDQ7HPEDODQJ.RWD6HPDUDQJ-.HVHKDWDQ
3ROUHV 1JDZL 2UDQJ GL 1JDZL 'LGXJD .HUDFXQDQ -DPX 5DFLNDQ
KWWSQJDZLMDWLPSROULJRLGRUDQJGLQJDZLGLGXJDNHUDFXQDQMDPXUDFLNDQ!
'LDNVHVWDQJJDO$JXVWXV
3XWUL91<XOLDWL5DKD\X76XJL\DUWR/&DUD3URGXNVL3DQJDQ\DQJ%DLN
&33%SDGD3HPEXDWDQ-DPX%HUDV.HQFXUGDQ.XQ\LW$VDP'LWLQMDXGDUL1LODL
031(VFKHULFKLDFROL-3URGL%LRORJL
6DLPDK 6XGDUZDQWR 0% /DWLI + 'HNRQWDPLQDVL %DNWHUL (VFKHULFKLD FROL
GDQ 6WDSK\ORFRFFXV DXUHXV SDGD 6DUDQJ %XUXQJ :DOHW GHQJDQ 3HUODNXDQ
3HPDQDVDQ-.HGRNWHUDQ+HZDQ
6DOPDQ $0$ +DPDG ,0 (QXPHUDWLRQ DQG ,GHQWLILFDWLRQ RI &ROLIRUP
%DFWHULD)URP5DZ0LONLQ.KDUWRXP6WDWH6XGDQ-&HOO$QLP%LRO
6XQDUGL 3HPHULNVDDQ 0RVW 3UREDEOH 1XPEHU 031 %DNWHUL &ROLIRUP GDQ
&ROL 7LQMDSDGD-DPX *HQGRQJ\DQJ'LMXDOGL 3DVDU%HVDU.RWD3DODQJNDUD\D
.DU\D 7XOLV ,OPLDK 3URJUDP 6WXGL ',,, )DUPDVL )DNXOWDV ,OPX .HVHKDWDQ
8QLYHUVLWDV0XKDPPDGL\DK3DODQJNDUD\D
6DSXWUD ( 'LGXJD .HUDFXQDQ -DPX ,QL .URQRORJL .RUEDQ
KWWSVZZZPDJHODQJNDEJRLGKRPHGHWDLOLQLSHQJDNXDQVDODKVDWXNRUEDQ
NHUDFXQDQMDPXX\XEX\XEOXVLDQDDUILDQL! 'LDNVHV WDQJJDO $JXVWXV
7RUUL 0& .QRZOHGJH DQG 5LVN 3HUFHSWLRQV RI 7UDGLWLRQDO -DPX 0HGLFLQH
$PRQJ8UEDQ&RQVXPHUV(XURS-RI0HGLFLQ3ODQWV
8WDPL 6 %LQWDUL 6+ 6XVDQWL 5 'HWHNVL (VFKHULFKLD FROL SDGD -DPX
*HQGRQJ GL *XQXQJ 3DWL GHQJDQ 0HGLXP 6HOHNWLI 'LIHUHQVLDO /LIH 6FLHQF
:DVLWD ,.6 +HQGUD\DQD ,0$ ,GHQWLILNDVL %DNWHUL (VFKHULFKLD FROL
6HURWLSH 'HQJDQ 0HGLD 6RUELWRO 0DF &RQNH\ $JDU 60$& SDGD -DPX
%HUDV.HQFXUGDUL3HGDJDQJ-DPX*HQGRQJGL.RWD'HQSDVDU(-XUQDO0HGLND
:LQDUVR$3HQJDUXK0LQXP.XQ\LW$VDPWHUKDGDS3HQXUXQDQ7LQJNDW1\HUL
'LVPHQRUHDSDGD6LVZLGL0DGUDVDK7VDQDZL\DK1HJHUL-DWLQRP.ODWHQ,QWHUHVW
-,OPX.HVHKDWDQ
:XODQGDUL 5$ $]ULDQLQJVLK 5 (WQRERWDQL -DPX *HQGRQJ %HUGDVDUNDQ
3HUVHSVL 3URGXVHQ -DPX *HQGRQJ GL 'HVD .DUDQJUHMR .HFDPDWDQ .URPHQJDQ
.DEXSDWHQ0DODQJ-%LRWURSLND
,ND$¿IDK1XJUDKHQL'HWHNVL(VFKHULFKLD&ROLGDQ6DOPRQHOODSDGDMDPX