DRUG INTERACTIONS
INTERAKSI PHARMACODYNAMICS
LD 50
TI
ED 50
INTERAKSI PHARMACODYNAMICS
• Meliputi perubahan respon pasien terhadap suatu
kombinasi obat tanpa terjadi perubahan konsentrasi
serum atau farmakokinetik dari object drug
Agonist-Receptor Interaction
ANTAGONIS
• suatu obat yang dapat bergabung dengan reseptor
tetapi tidak memberikan respon
INTERAKSI OBAT-RECEPTOR
Competitive
Inhibition
Antagonist Receptor
• Antidepresant trisiklik
• Monoamin oksidase inhibitor (MAOI) non
selektif (phenelzine) atau MAOI selektif
(moclobemid & selegilin)
• Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI)
contoh: fluoxetin,sertraline
• Pethidin, sumatriptan, MDMA
• Lithium
• Dekstrometorphan
SINDROM SEROTONIN
• FAKTOR PASIEN
PASIEN RESIKO TINGGI
OBAT DENGAN IT SEMPIT
• Antibiotik • Litium
aminoglikosida • Phenytoin
• Cyclosporin • Prokainamid
• Digoksin • Teophyllin
• Hypoglicemic • Antidepresan
agents trisiklik
• Lidokain • Warfarin
PASIEN BERESIKO TINGGI:
• Pasien hamil
• Pasien yang menderita kanker
• Pasien geriatri
• Pasien dengan kondisi penyakit yang parah
misal: anemia aplastik, asma, aritmia,
diabetes, epilepsi, hypotiroid, precoma
hepatic
PENGARUH PENYAKIT TERHADAP
FARMAKODINAMIK OBAT
• Up regulation of receptors
• Down regulation of receptors
• Decreased number of drug receptors
• Altered endogenous production of a substance
may affect the receptors
• Altered response due to:
• Acid-base status
• Electrolyte abnormalities
• Altered intravascular volume
• Tolerance
STRATEGI UNTUK MENCEGAH DAN
MENANGANI INTERAKSI OBAT
1. Encourage patients to report all
prescription, over-the- counter
and complementary and
alternative drugs at every health
care encounter.
2. Consider whether drug therapy
is necessary
3. When adding a new drug to
regimen, screen for potential
drug-drug interactions.
STRATEGI UNTUK MENCEGAH DAN
MENANGANI INTERAKSI OBAT
4. When adding a new drug to regimen in a patient, screen for
potential drug-disease interaction.
5. If drug interaction can not be avoided, adjust doses and
or/dosage intervals for affected medication and monitor the
patient closely.
6. Carefully monitor other drug therapy when withdrawing a drug
that can inhibit or induce hepatic metabolism.
7. Regularly review the need for chronic medications- reduce
polypharmacy
Terima Kasih