Asam Arsenat(H3AsO4):

Anal
isi
sMol ekulardanKarakt
eri
sti
kSenyawa
1 2
AchsanulHaki
mi ,RahadianZainul
1
Pendidi
kanKi
mi a,FMIPA, Uni
versi
tasNegeriPadang,
Indonesi
a
2
Physi
calChemistr
yLabor ator
it
y,Univer
sit
asNegeriPadang,I
ndonesi
a

* l :1achsanul
Emai haki
mi@yahoo.com
2
rahadi
anzai
nul
@yahoo.com

Abst ract.Asam ar senatmer upakan senyawa ki mia dengan r umus

mol ekul H3AsO4.Asam ar senatj uga bi sa di kenaldengan r umus
mol ekulAsO( OH) 3.A sam yangt i
dakber war nai nimer upakananal og
asam f osfat ,gar am ar senatdanf osfatsendi r imemi l
ikireaksiyang
ser upa.Asam ar senat masi h bel um di isolasidan hanya dapat
ditemukandidal am l ar
ut andandi sanal ahasam i nisangatt erionisasi.
Bent ukhemi hidratnya( H3AsO4• 1⁄2H2O)dapatmembent ukkr i
stalyang
stabi l.Penel it
iani niber t
ujuanunt ukmenganal i
sisst r
uktur,inter aksi
mol eculardan MM2 t er hadap mol ekulasam ar senat.Met oda yang
digunakan yai tu penel usur an l i
teraturdengan Endnot e X7,met ode
pemodel andenganmenggunakansof t
war eChemOf fi
ce15. 0,danj uga
per hitungan mat emat i
s.Pada dasar nya unt uk menemukan l iterasi
j
ur nalyangbagusdi gunakanl ahapl i
kasiEndnot eX7yangdi jel
askan
mel al uif i
shbone st at
e ofar t.Anal isis 2D st r
ukturasam f or mat
menggunakanapl i
kasichemdr aw ultradananal i
sis3Dst rukturasam
formatmenggunakanapl i
kasichembi o3D.Asam ar senatj ugamemi li
ki
totalener giyangdapatdi ketahuimenggunakanChemof fi
ce15. 0yai t
u
sebesar85. 2948kcal /mol ,streach0. 0516,bend66. 4930,streach- bend
-0.1025,t or sion23. 4363,dandi pol-di
pol- 2.0437.Unt ukmenget ahui
nil
aivi skosi tas,ger akani on,kecepat anhanyutdi gunakanpengol ahan
dat adanr eviewj urnalmengenaiasam ar senat.Asam ar senatmemi li
ki
nil
ai∆fG - 766. 75,∆fH - 903. 45,dan So 183. 07 ser tani l
aikecepat an
hanyutsebesar3, 628V/ cm set elahdi hitungmenggunakanr umus.
Keywor ds: asam ar senat( H3AsO4) ,asam f osfat,
t eri
onisasi,kri
stal.

1.Pendahul uan
Arsen,ar seni k(26),at auar seni kum mer upakanunsurki miayangmemi l
ikisi mbolAs
dannomorat om 33.Ar senadal ahbahanmet al d(31-35)yangt
oi erkenalber acundan
memi l
ikit igabent ukyai t
u kuni ng,hi tam,dan abu- abu.Ar seni kdi gunakan sebagai
pestisida,her bisida,i nsekt isida,dan dal am ber bagaial oy.Ar seniksecar a kimiawi
memi l
ikikar akt eristik(97-99) yang ser upa dengan Fosf or(36-45),dan dapatdi gunakan
sebagaipenggant idal am ber bagai reaksi bioki mi a(46-50).
Ketikadi panaskan, ar seni kakancepatt er oksi dasi(51-60)menj adioksi da(91-93)ar
senik,
yangber bauseper tibaubawangput ih.Ar seni kdanbeber apasenyawaar senikjuga
dapatl angsung t er subl masi(61-68),ber
i ubah dar ipadatmenj adigast anpamenj adi
cairant er lebi hdahul u.Zatdasarar seni kdi temukandal am duabent ukpadatyang
berwar nakuni ngdanmet alik, denganber atjeni s1,97dan5, 73.
(
106-108)
Arsendal am ai r t
anahdi temukandal am duasumberyai tusumbergeogeni k
danpol usiant hropogeni k.Bent ukant rophogeni kar senyai tut urunanor gani karsin.
(142-144)
Struktur ant ropogeni kar sent er dapatsebagaiar seni tdal am kondi siaer obi
kdan
(
61-62)
arsenatpadal ingkungan pH r endah.Ai r anah(66-68) dal
t am suasanaasam ke
i
nter medi at ebat uanvul kani kat audal am sedi menyangber asaldar ibat uant er
sebut
akanser ingmempunyaikonsent rasi(69-78)ar senl ebihdar i50μg/ L(st andarkandungan
 (40)
arsenunt ukai r minum saati ni).
Beber apat empatdibumimengandungar senyangcukupt inggisehi nggadapat
mer embeskeai rtanah.WHOmenet apkanambangamant ertinggiar sendiai rt anah(79-
84)
sebesar50ppb( bagi anpermi liar).Kebanyakanwi l
ayahdengankandunganar sen(26;
85-
88)
t
ertinggiadal ahdaer ahal uvi alyangmer upakanendapanl umpursungaidant anah
dengankayabahanor gani k.Di perki rakanseki t
ar57j utaor angmemi num ai rt anah
yangt erkont ami nasiar senber lebi h,sehi nggaber potensimer acun.
Asam ar senatj uga memi li
kit otalener giyang dapatdi ket ahuimenggunakan
Chemof fi
ce15. 0yai t
usebesar85. 2948kcal /mo.Unt ukmenget ahuini laivi skositas,
ger akani on, kecepat anhanyutdi gunakanpengol ahandat adanr evi ewjurnalmengenai
asam ar senat .Asam ar senatmemi likini l
ai∆fG - 766.75,∆fH - 903. 45,danSo 183. 07
ser tanilaikecepat anhanyutsebesar3, 628V/ cm set el
ahdi hit
ungmenggunakanr umus.
Asam ar senatmer upakansenyawa(128-132) ki miadenganr umusmol ekulH3AsO4
yangber bent ukkr i
stalput ih.Asam ar senatinij ugaber sifathi gr oskopis(89)danl arut
dalam ai r.Senyawai nidapatl ar utdal am alkoholdengandenganbent uknyaadal ah
(90)
tetrahedr al .
Asam ar senati nimemi likisi fatf isikadanj ugasi fatkimia(163-167).Danj ugaber bagai
macam kegunaan dal am kehi dupan sehar i
-har i
.Cont ohnya dal am makanan ki ta
mengandungar senikdal am j uml ahkeci l
.Bent ukar senikyangt erkenaladal ahAs2O3,
ali
as ar sen t rioksida (91) at au war angan.War angan inibent uknya ber upa bubuk
(154-156)
ber war naput ihyangl arut dal am ai r
.
Asam arsenatsecaraperl
ahant
erbent
ukketikaar
senpentoksidadi l
arutkan
didal
am ai
r.Asam ar senatj
ugadapatdisi
apkansecaralangsungdar iunsur
ar
sendenganmel embabkannyadanmer kannyadenganozon(92;93):
eaksi
2As+3H2O+5O3→ 2H3AsO4+5O2
Penel it i
ani nibertuj
uanunt ukmenget ahuikarakteri
sti
k,str
uktur,j
enisikatan,dan
bentukmol ekuldar ikalsium kl or i
da ser ta mengetahuisif
atf i
sika dan si
fatkimia
denganmenggunakanmet ode(115-117)l i
terasiEndNot eyanghasi l
nyaber upaf i
shbone
(35)
stateofar t.Kemudi anmet odeapl i
kasi ChemOf fi
ce15.0unt ukmemper olehenergi
,
(57)
optimasi ,gambar anbent ukmol ekul ,danj ari
-j
ariantaratom,ser t
amenggunakan
met ode(21-22) per
hit
ungan mat emat isyang menghasi l
kan nil
ai-
nil
aiyang dituangkan
dalam bent ukgr afi
k.

2.Met odel ogi

Anali
sisinimenggunakanper angkatlaptop.Kemudi anlaptopdi l
engkapidengan
aplikasiEndnot eX7 dan sof twar eChemof fice15. 0 seper tiChemDr aw 2015 yang
digunakan unt uk menget ahui st ruktur senyawa dan Chem3D 2015 unt uk
menggambar kansenyawadal am bentuk3di mensi .
Apli
kasiEndnot eX7i nidi gunakanunt ukl it
erasij urnaldar imat eriyangakan
dibahas.Langkahmenggunakanapl i
kasiEndnot e:Per tamamengkl i
kEndnot eyang
terdapatdimenumi crosoftwor d,kemudi anmengkl i
k“Got oEndnot e”makaapl ikasinya
akanmuncul .Set el
ahi t
umenul iskanbodyt extdanj ugat ahunnyapadamenuEndnot e
tersebut .Jangan l upa menukarmekl i
k“ PubMed ( NLM) ”agart erhubung dengan
i
nt ernet, kar ena apl i
kasii nimenggunakan koneksii nternet.Langkah sel anjutnya
mengkl i
k ent er,maka akan kel uarj umlah r eferensiyang akan di pi
li
h.Ji ka ki ta
membut uhkan5, makar eferensinyaakankel uar5buah.Kemudi anmengcopyr efer ensi
dan menyal innyat epatpadabodyt extyang t elah dipili
h.Makar efer
ensinyaakan
terdaftarpadahal amant erakhi r
.
Peneli
tian i ni menggunakan pemodel an dengan menggunakan apl ikasi
(Softwar e)ChemOf fice15. 0.Penel i
ti
andi l
akukanbeber apat ahapan,yakni( 1)Anal i
sis
mol ekulH3AsO4 secar aduadi mensimenggunakanChemUl tra;( 2)Anal i
sismol ekul
H3AsO4secar atigadi mensimenggunakanChem3D15. 0.Pemodel andi l
akukandengan
mengasumsi kanpadasat umol ekulH3AsO4denganbeber apakemungki nanperger akan
danvi br asi
onalyangt erj
adi .
 Mol ekulH3AsO4 di l
uki sdengan menggunakan ChemUl tra dengan car a pi lih
Struct ur edanConver tNamet oSt ruct ure.Padal ayarker j
a,t uli
sar seni
caci d,l alupi lih
OK.Set el
ahRumusMol ekulasam ar senatt erbent uk, l
akukananal isissenyawa.Pr oses
anal isisdi l
akukanpadabagi anVi ew, denganopt ionalshowanal ysi swindowdanshow
chemi calpr oper t
ieswi ndows.
Padaanal i
si s3Ddi lakukandenganment ransf or masikanmol ekul2DkeChem3D.
Padabagi anChem3D,st rukt urH3AsO4 menj adi3Di mensidandapatdi anal
isiskondi si
sebel um opt imasidengan pi l
ihan sel ect,sesuaipengukur an dan obser vasiyang
diingi nkan.Mi salnya,pengukur anj arakant araat om,pengukur ansudutant araat om
danpengukur ansi siper mukaandar igeomet rimol ekulasam ar senat .
Padaanal isis3Dj ugai nidi lakukanOpt i
masimol ekulasam ar senatdi lakukan
denganMol ekul arMekani k( MM2)dengancar api l
ihcal culations, MM2danmi ni mize
ener gy.Set el
ahcal culationssel esaimakadidapat kanhasi lout putdibagi anbawah
l
embarker ja.Unt ukmenghi tung mol ecul ardi nami cs dan comput epr operties yai tu
dengan l angkah yang sama,dengan menukarmi ni mize ener gy dengan mol ecul ar
dinami csat aucomput epr oper ties.
Unt ukmengggambarbent uk3Ddar isur f
acedapatdiker jakandengancar api lih
sur face,choosesur face,sol ventaccessi belatauconnol l
ymol ecul ar.Untukmengat ur
displ aymodedengancar asur face,di spl aymode,pi l
ihsat udar iempatdi splaymode
(sol id, dots, wiremesh, transl ucent) .
Unt ukanal isisbesar anki mi af isika3menggunakanmet odepengol ahandat a.
Set elahsemuamol ekuldi anal isdanpengol ahandat adi gunakanmakasel anj utkan
menggunakansof twar eEndnot eunt ukmensi t
asi refer ensi.
Unt ukanal isisbesar anf isika3menggunakanmet odeper hi t
unganmat emat is.
Dat a mengenaiAsam Ar senatdi car imel aluir evi ew j urnaldan sumberl ai nnya.
Kemudi andat adiol ahsehi nggadi dapat kandat ayangbenar .Di manaper hi tungan
mat emat i
snya memi likini lai∆fG - 766. 75,∆fH - 903. 45,dan So 183. 07 ser ta ni lai
viskosi tassesuaidengansuhudanspesimasi ng- masi ng.Asam ar senatjugamemi liki
totalener giyang dapatdi ketahuimenggunakan Chemof fice 15. 0 yaitu sebesar
85. 2948 kcal /mol ,st reach 0. 0516,bend 66. 4930,st reach- bend - 0.1025,t orsion
23. 4363, dandi pol-dipol- 2.0437.

Si
fatFi
sika(27)
Pengawet
Kayu(9) Tekanan
(
1;2)
Hi
tam Uap(19)
I
nt da(1
eksi
8) (8)
Ti
ti
kLebur
Massa
(
28
Sej
arah(2 Kuni
ng Mol (
ar20)

1)

Pept
i da(18
si Ti
ti
kDi
dih(25) Densi
tas(2
Abu- ) 4)
abu(3;4)
War
nadan
Sumber
Opti
masi Kegunaan Si
fat
-si
fat
H3AsO4

Opti
masi
(
23) Agen
2D Dalam
ng(6;7)
Dopi Keasaman(5
berbagai
Keli
mpahan )
Aloy(14)
H3AsO4(12;13) Opti
masi
(
22)
3D
Her
bi da(29)
si
3.Analisi
sGap
Asam arsenat(32;94-97)mer upakansenyawaki mi adenganrumusH3AsO4.Asam
arsenatjuga di
kenaldengan r umus mol ekulAsO( OH)3.A sam arsenatyang t
idak
berwarnainimerupakananal ogasam f osf
at,garam arsenatdanfosf
atsendir
imemi l
iki
reaksiyangserupa.Asam ar senatbel um dii
solasi danhanyadapatdi t
emukandi
dalam lar
utandansangatt eri
onisasi.Bentukhemi hi
dratnya(H3AsO4·1⁄
​ 2H2O)dapat
membent ukkri
stalyangst abi l.
Pertent
angan Arsenikmemi li
kikarakter
isti
kyang samadengan Fosf or,dan
seri
ngdi gunakansebagaipenggant idal
am ber bagair eaksibi
oki mi ayangber acun.
(44)
Ketikadipanaskan,arsenikakan cepatt eroksi
dasi menjadioksi daar seni
k,yang
berbau sepert
ibawang put i
h.Ar seni
k dan beber apa senyawa ar senikj uga dapat
l
angsungt ersubl
imasi,berubahdar ipadatmenj adigast anpamenj adicai ranterl
ebih
dahulu.Zatdasararsenikdit
emukandal am duabent ukpadat(15;30;98-101)yangber warna
kuningdanmet ali
k,denganber atj
enis1,
97dan5, 73.

Asam arsenatdisi
apkandenganmereaksikanar sent ri
oksida(102;103) dengan
asam nit
ratyangt er
konsent
rasi
.Dini
tr
ogentr
ioksida(104) di
hasi
lkansebagaipr oduk
sampi
ngan.

As2O3+2HNO3+2H2O→ 2H3AsO4+N2O3
Lar ut
an yang di hasi l
kan didi
ngi
nkan unt uk menghasil
kan kr
ist
alhemihi
drat
1
H3AsO4·​⁄2H2Oy angt i
dakber warna,walaupundi hi
dratH3AsO4·
2H2Odapatdihasi
lkan
(
105-
107)
ket
ikakristal
isasi terj
adi padasuhu(31)r
endah.

4.Pembahasan
a.Resul
t
Tidakhanyamemi l
ikikegunaan,
asam ar
senatj
ugamemi
li
kisi
fatf
isi
kadansi
fat
ki
mia.Beri
kutsi
fatf
isi
kadanki miadari
asam ar
senat:

Tabel1.Si
fatf
isi
kadansi
fatki
miaasam ar
senat(
H3AsO4)

ht
tps:
//i
d.wi
kipedi
a.or
g/wi
ki/
Asam_
arsenat
Si
fatFi
sika Si
fatKi
mia
TekananUap 55hPa(
50°
C) Keasaman(
pKa) 2.
19,
6.94,
11.
5

Ti
ti
kLebur 35,
5°C(
95,
9°F;308,
6 Kel
arut
andal
am Ai
r 16.
7g/
100mL
 K)
Ti
ti
kDi
dih 120°
C(248°
F;393K) Kel
arut
an Dapatl
arutdal
am
al
kohol
MassaMol
ar 141.
94g/
mol

Densi
tas 2.
5g/
cm3

b.Dat
aMol
ekul

Gambar1.Mol
ekulAsam Ar
senat
ChemOf
fi
ce15.
01

-
------
---
--MM2Mi ni
mization--
--
---
--
--
-
War ning:Thenumberofl igandsat t
acheddoesnotmat cht
hegeometr
yofAs(
1)
War ning:Someparamet ersar eguessed(Qual
it
y=1) .
Iteration 481:Mini
mi zati
ont erminatednor
mallybecausethegr
adi
entnor
misless
thant hemi ni
mum gradientnor m
St retch :0.0515
Bend :66.4854
St retch-Bend :-0.
1023
Tor sion :23.4431
Non- 1,4VDW :-0.
2151
1,4VDW :-2.
0431
Di pole/Dipole :-2.
3248
Tot alEner gy :85.2948kcal /mol

c.Bent
ukMol
ekulH3AsO4
1)Anal
isi
s2DpadaMol
ekulH3AsO4
(
76-77)
Molekul ai
rhasi
lanal
i s(175-179) 2 Di
si mensiseper
tit
erl
ihatpada gambar
di
bawahi ni:
 Gambar2.St
rukt
ur2DH3AsO4

ChemicalFor
mul a :AsH3O4
ExactMass :141.92
Molecul
arWeight :141.94
m/ z :141.92(100%)
Element
alAnalysi
s :As,52.78;H,2.
13;O,
45.
09
tPSA :77.76
ClogP :02.174
CMR :1.
866
LogS :-
0.4805
pKa :N/A

2)Anal
isi
s3DpadaMol
ekulH3AsO4
MolekulH3ASO4 di buatdenganmenggunakanChemdr aw Ul t radi proyeksikan
padaChemBi o3Dunt ukanal isis3Di mensi.Proses(108)iniakanmembant uunt uk
mel i
hatpol a pergerakan mol ekulsecar a opti
maldan kemungki nan di namika
H3AsO4 selamaber interaksidil ingkungansaatpr osesspl i
tt
ing(109-111)berlangsung.
Mol ekulH3ASO4 memi l
iki1at om As,4at om Odan3at om Hseper titerl
ihatpada
gambar2a.Sebel um mol ekulasam ar senatdioptimasi,at om O danH ber j
arak
0,942Åseper titerl
ihatpadagambar2d,at om AsdanOber j
ar ak1, 582Å,seper ti
terl
ihatpadagambar2e, atom HdanHt erjauhberj
ar ak4,042Åseper tit
erli
hatpada
gambar2f ,atom HdanAsber jarak2,451Åseper titerli
hatpadagambar2g.Bol a
berwar na pinkadal ah r epresent asidaripasangan el ect r
on bebasyang di mil
iki
Oksi gen(atom pusat )denganj ar ak0.6Aseper tit
erl
ihatpadagambar2h.
Molekulasam f ormathasi l anal isi
s3Di mensiseper titer
lihatpadagambar2.

Gambar2.H3AsO43D Gambar3.I
kat
anO-
H Gambar4.I
kat
an
As-
O
 Gambar5.I
kat
anH-
H Gambar6.I
kat
anH-
As Gambar7.I
kat
anO-
Lp

(112)
Gambar8.H3AsO4dengant
ransl
ucent Gambar9.H3AsO4Wi
reMash(113)

Opt imasiMol ekulH3ASO4menggunakanMol ecul

arMechani
c( MM2)
(
85-
86)
Opti
masi mol ekulH3ASO4di lakukandenganMol ekul
arMekani k(MM2)(51;
114-
120)
danmenghasi l
kanout putdat adalam bentukdatageomet r
iatom atom dalam
mol ekuldanEner gioptimumnya.Hasi loutputyangdi
olehdapatdil
ihatsebagaiber
ikut
:
1.Opt imasiMM2Mi nimizaton(121-135)
i
cs136-140)
(
2.Opt imasiMM2Dynami
3.Opt imasiMM2Pr oper tes(30;141-145)
i

Out putMM2Mi nimi zation,DynamicsdanProper

ti
es
-
--
-----
--
--MM2Mi ni
mi zat i
on--
--
--
--
--
--
War ning:Thenumberofl igandsatt
acheddoesnotmat
cht
hegeomet
ryofAs(
1)
War ning:Somepar amet ersareguessed(Qual
it
y=1).
Stretch :0.0515
Bend :66. 4854
Stretch-Bend :-0.1023
Torsion :23. 4431
Non- 1,4VDW :-0.2151
1,
4VDW :-2.0431
Dipole/Dipol
e :-2.3248
TotalEner gy :85. 2948kcal/mol

-
--
--
--
--
--
-MM2Dynami cs-
--
--
--
--
--
-
Warni
ng:Thenumberofligandsatt
acheddoesnotmatcht
hegeometryofAs(1)
Warni
ng:Someparametersareguessed(Qual
it
y=1).
Dynamicst
erminat
edbecauset hemolecul
armodeli
stoof
arf
rom equil
ibr
ium

-
--
--
-----
--
MM2Pr opert
ies-
--
---
--
--
--
War ning:Thenumberofligandsat
tacheddoesnotmat
cht
hegeomet
ryofAs(
1)
War ning:Someparametersareguessed(Qual
it
y=1).
Str
et ch :0.0000
Bend :449.9080
Str
et ch-Bend :0.0000
Torsion :0.0000
Non-1,
4VDW :192.0143
1,
4VDW :2135.9584
Tot
alEner
gy :2777.8806kcal
/mol
Note :DuetohighVDW inter
acti
ons,somet
ermswer
enot
computed.
Thet
otalener
gyf
orthisframe:2777.881kcal/
mol

Opti
masiMol ekulH3ASO4menggunakanMol ecul
arMini
mize(
MM2)
-
--
--
---
--
--
MMFF94Mi nimizati
on--
--
--
--
--
--
I
ter
ation 500:Mi nimizati
onterminat
ednormal
lybecauset mum (46;78;146-153)
hemaxi
numberofiterati
onswer ecomputed
Fi
nalEnergy:16.339kcal/mol
Cal
culati
onended
-
--
--
---
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
---
--
--
--
--
---
--
-

-
--
----
---
--
MMFF94Mol ecularDynamics-
--
--
--
--
--
-
Stretch :0.0516
Bend :66. 4930
Stretch-Bend :-0.1025
Torsion :23. 4364
Non- 1,
4VDW :-0.2151
1,
4VDW :-2.0437
Dipole/Di pole :-2.3248
TotalEner gy :85. 2948kcal/
mol
Calculationended
-
---
--
---
----
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
---
---
--
--
--
--
--

Darihasi
lopti
masiMM2t erhadapmolekulH3AsO4,massamolekulH3AsO4adalah:
141,
94g/ mol.Jarakant
araatom AsdanOadal ah1, 582Ådan1,840Å.Jar akantara
atom AsdanHadal ah2,
541Å.Jar akant
araatom OdanHadal ah0.
942Å.Jar akanara
atom HdanHt erj
auhsebesar4,042Å.Sementar
ajarakantar
aatom OdanPEBadal ah
0.
600Å.

d.Jar
i-
jar
iAt
om H3AsO4
Asam(11)Arsenat terdi
riat
as3atom penyusunyait
uH,AsdanO.Jar i
-j
ariat
om
keti
ga inimemi l
ikiperbedaan masi
ng-
masing.Perbedaan j
ari
-j
arit
ersebutdapat
diamatipadatabeldibawahini:

Tabel2.Jar
i-
jar
iat
om H,
AsdanO

ht
tps:
//en.
wiki
pedi
a.or
g/wi
ki/
Arsen
Si
mbol Nama Jar
i-
jar
i(pm)

Empi
ri
s Per
hit
ungan VanDer Koval
en
Waal
s

H Hi
drogen 25 53 120 37
As Ar
sen 119 185 119

O Oksi
gen 60 48 152 73

e.Jar
i-
jar
iMol
ekul
 Gambar10.Jar
i-
jar
iMol
ekulH3AsO4

Tabel3.Jar
i-
jar
iMol
ekulH3AsO4
ChemOf
fi
ce15.
01
o o
At
oms Act
ual(/Å) Opt
imal(/Å)
O(
5)-
H(8) 0.
942 0.
942
O(
4)-
H(7) 0.
942 0.
942
O(
3)-
H(6) 0.
942 0.
942
As(
1)-
O(5) 1.
840
As(
1)-
O(4) 1.
840
As(
1)-
O(3) 1.
840
As(
1)-
O(2) 1.
582

f
. Si
fat
-si
fatTer
modi
nami
ka
Per
ubahanent al
pi(∆H)menunj
ukkansel
isi
hant
araent
alpisi
stem sebel
um r
eaksi
dansetel
ahreaksiberl
angsung.
∆H=Hakhi
r–Hawal

Tabel4.Si
fat
-si
fatTer
miki
miaH3AsO4
ht
tps:
//www.
resear
chgat
e.net
/pr
ofi
le/
Dar
rel
l_
Nor
dst
rom/
publ
icat
ion

Dat
auntuksuhu ∆fGkJ/
mol ∆fHkJ/
mol ∆fSJ/
Kmol
298Kdan1atm
H3AsO3 -
640.
03 -
742.
36 195.
83
H2AsO3- -
587.
66 -
714.
74 112.
79
H3AsO4 -
766.
75 -
903.
45 183.
07
H2AsO4- -
753.
65 -
911.
42 112.
38
g.Vi
skosi
tas

Vi
skosi
tasyait
uukurankekent
alanfl
uidayangmenyat akanj umlahgesekan
dalam flui
da.Viskosit
as Ba(OH)
2 dapatditent
ukan secara kuantit
ati
fdengan
besaranyangdisebutkoefi
sienvi
skosi
tas(η).Satuankoef
isi
envi skosit
asadalah
Ns/ m2.

Keti
kasuat
ubendaber gerakdengankecepat
anvpadasuat ufl
uidakent
al
yangmempunyaikoef
isi
enviskosit
asnyaη,makabendat
ersebutakanmengalami
gayagesekanf
lui
dasebesar

Fs=kηv (
7)

kadal
ahkonst
ant
ayangber
gant
ungpadabent
ukgeomet
rs(77)benda.
i

Bil
ani l
aikdi
masukkankedal
am per
samaan,makadi
per
olehper
samaan
seper
tiberi
kut.

Fs=6πηr v (
8)
Keterangan:
Fs:gayagesekanSt okes(N)
η:koef i
sienvi
skosi
tasflui
da(Pas)
R:jari-j
aribol
a(m)
V:kel aj
uanbola(m/ s)
Persamaandiat asselanjut
nyadi
kenal
sebagaihukum St
okes.

h.Pr
oper
ti
Keasamansenyawai nidapatdi
deskr
ipsikanl
ewatt
igakeset imbangan:
H3AsO4 +H2O→ H2AsO−4+H3O+ K1=10−2.19)
(
H2AsO−4+H2O→ HAsO2−4+H3O+ K2=10−6.94)
(
−4 −4 +
HAsO2 +H2O→ AsO3 +H3O K3=10−11.5)
(

Ni
laiKaasam i
nimendekat
ini
laiKaasam f
osf
at.

i
. Ger
akani
on
Dalam menent ukanpengukur ankondukt i
vitas,terlebihdahul umenget ahui
penyebabdar iper gerakani ondenganl aj
uyangber beda- beda,dan penyebabi on
tersebutmemi li
kikondukt ivi
t asmol aryangber l
ainan,ser t
asebabkondukt i
vitas
(
154)
mol ar elektr
olitkuatberkur angdenganakarkonsent rasi.
Konsepnyaadal ahmaki nbesarmobi lit
asi on(155;156) dalam l ar
utan,maka
maki nbesarpul akont r
ibusinyapadakondukt ivi
tas(unt ukmuat ant ert
entu).
Mobi l
it
asi onadal ahkecepat anionpadapot ensi alant ar
akeduael ekt
roda.
Akt or
-aktoryangmempengar uhi kecepatanionadal ahsebagaiber i
kut:
1.Ber atdanmuat ani on,apabi laionsemaki nr i
ngant iapsat uanmakasemaki n
cepati onber gerak
2.Adanyahi drasi,apabil
asemaki nbanyakmol ekulai rpadai onmakasemaki n
l
ambatger akanion
3.Pendekat anat mosferpel arutdiseki
tarion
4.Gayat ari
kant araion,apabi lasemakinbesargayat arikmakaper gerakanion
semaki nlambat
5.Suhu, apabil
asemaki ntinggi suhumakaper gerakani onsemaki ncepat
6.Vi skosi t
as,apabi l
asemaki nbesarvi skosit
asmakaper ger akani onsemaki n
l
ambat .
j
. Kecepat
anhanyut
Ji
kaduael ekt
roda(3-4) yang t
erpi
sah dengan j
arakιber adapadaselisih
(
157-
160)
pot
ensi
al ∆ϕ,maka i on dalam l ar
utan diant ar
a kedua el
ekt
roda(161)
i
tu,
mengalamimedanl ist
ri
kser agam,
yait
u:
E=(
∆ϕ,
)/
ι (
1)
Dal
am medandemi
kian,
i
onyangber
muat
an2zemengal
amigayasebesar:
I
e=zeE=(
ze∆ϕ)
/ι (
2)
Kati
onber eaksidenganper cepatanmenuj uelektr
odanegati
vedanani on
bereaksidengan per cepatan menuj u elektr
oda positi
f.Akan t
etapi
,saati on
(
162-
164)
bergerak mel al
ui pel arut maka i on akan mengal ami gaya gesekan
memper l
ambatI e’yang sebandi ng dengan kecepat
annyadan ji
kadiasumsi kan
bahwahukum St okesunt ukbol aradiusadansber l
akupadaskalamikroskopis
,makaki tadapatmenul iskangayaper lambataninisebagai
:
I
e’=f
sf=6πηa
(
3)
Kedua gaya i
tu beker
ja dalam arah yang ber
lawanan,
dan ion mencapai
kecepat
anakhir,yai
tukecepat
anhanyut ,j
ikagayamemper cepatIe di
imbangiol
eh
penahankent
alIe’gayanetomenj adinol(
Ie=I e’)
,j
ika;
s=zeE/
f
(
4)

(
5)
x=jar
ak(m)
t=waktu(
dt)

=kekuat
anmedan(
vol
tm-1)
.

(
6)

Maka
(
7)
Z=val
ensikat
ion
F=Faraday

Perhi
tungankecepatanhanyut:
MisalkanpotensialH3AsO4 6,53V danjarakantarelekt
rodaadal
ah1,
8cm,
makakecepat anhanyutnyadapatdihit
ungsebagaiber
ikut:
∆
E=
l
6,53V
E= =3,628V/cm
1,8cm
JadikecepatanhanyutH3(BO3)adalah3,628V/
cm
k. Besar
anKF3
1)Bil
anganTr
anspor
t
Fraksidariar
ustotalyangdibawaol
ehi
onj
eni
ster
tent
u.Unt
ukl
arut
andengan2
j
eni
sion,bi
langantr
ansportkat
ion:

(
8)
I
=ar
ust
otal

(9)
0
Bi
langantranspor
tpembat
as(
t )unt
ukl
imi
tkonsent
rasinoldar
ilar
utanel
ekt
rol
it
.
Ji
ka sehingga:

(10)
Unt
ukelektr
oli
tsimet
ri
s(bi
langanmuat
anunt
ukkeduai
onsama)makapersamaan
di
atasdi
sederhanakan:

(
11)
Hubunganant
arakondukt
ivi
tasi
ondenganmobi
l
itasi
on:

(
12)
Jadiunt
ukset
iapj
eni
sion:

(
13)
2)HubunganEi
nst
ein
Hukum Fi
ckunt
ukf
lukspar
ti
kel
dal
am molmolekulpersat
uanl
uaspersat
uan
waktuadal
ah:
dc
J=-D
dx
(14)
Dengan D mer upakan koef i
sien di fusidan dc dx mer upakan kemiri
ngan dari
konsent r
asimolar.Fluksparti
kelber hubungandengankecepat anhanyutdengan:
J=sc
(15)
Hubungan inimer upakan kelanj ut
an dar iar gumentyang sudah ki t
a gunakan
beber apakalisebelumnya.Jadi ,semuapar t
ikeldal am jaraks∆t A,dapatmel ewati
jendela dengan luas A dal am sel ang wakt u ∆t (
165- . De
169) ngan demiki
an,juml ah
mol dapatlewatdalam selangwakt ui t
uadal ah:s∆txc, sehingga:
dc
Sc=- D (16)
dx
Ji
kasekarangki t
amenyat akandc dxdal am ᵮ,menggunakanper samaan15, maka
kitamemper oleh:
Ddc D
S=- = ×ᵮ
cdx RT
(17)
Terdapatsatukasusket i
kaki tasudahmenget ahuikecepat anhanyutdangaya
efekti
fyangbeker japadapar ti
kel:iondal am larutanmempunyaikecepat anhanyuts=
µEjikaioni tumengal amigayaеɀ E,danɀ FEpermol ,darimedanli
str
ikdengankuat
medan E(170-172). Jadipenggant i
an nil
ait er
sebutke dal am per
samaan dia atas,
menghasilkan:
D ɀFD
µE= ×ɀ FE at au µ= (18)
RT RT
µRT
D= (19)
ɀ
F
Persamaan i niter
t ata ul
ang menjadihasilyang sangatpenti
ng,yang dikenal
sebagaihubunganEi nstein,ant
araoef
isiendif
usidenganmobili
tasi
on.

l
. Kegunaan
1)PengawetKayu
Penggunaan(51-52) per
tama ar senik yaitu sebagaipengawet kayu.Ar seni
k
mer upakanracun(173)yangef ekt
ifdandapatmenyi ngki
rkanserangga,j
amur,dan
bakteri
.Pengawetkayu ar senik mer upakan sat
u apli
kasiindustr
iyang pali
ng
banyakdi gunakan meski pun sebagi an besarnegara melar
ang penggunaannya
karenatoksi
siasnya(78;174-182)yangt
t inggi.

2)AgenDopi
ngsol
idst
ate
Sal
ahsatupengguaanpenti
ngarseni
klai
nnyayait ng(183;184)
usebagaiagendopi
(185)
dal
am pembuat
anperangkatsol
idst
ateseper
tit
ransi
stor .

3)PenyamakanKul
it
Ar
senikj ugadigunakan dalam indust
ripenyamakan kul
itsebagaipengawet.
Ar
senikj uga umumnya di gunakan sebagai pembunuh gulma serta efekt
if
menangkalseranganrayap.

4)I
nteksi
da
5)Pept
isi
da
6)Her
bisi
da
7)Dal
am ber
bagaiAl
oy
m.Ener
giSt
abi
li
ty
Ener
gistabi
li
tii
nidi
dapat
kandar ianal
isiChem 3Dt
erhadapmol
ekulasam
ar
senat
.Ber
ikutdat
aenergi
stabi
li
tiasam ar
senat:

--
--
---
--
--
-MM2Pr operti
es-
--
--
--
---
--
War ning:Thenumberofl igandsatt
acheddoesnotmat cht
hegeomet
ryofAs(
1)
War ning:Somepar amet ersareguessed( Qual
ity=1)
.
Str
et ch :0.
0000
Bend :449.9080
Str
et ch-Bend :0.0000
Torsion :0.0000
Non- 1,4VDW :192. 0143
1,
4VDW :2135.9584
TotalEner gy :2777. 8806kcal /mol
Note :Duet ohighVDW i nteract
ions,
sometermswer
enot
 comput
ed.
Thet
otalener
gyf
ort
hisf
rame:2777.
881kcal
/mol

5.Kesi
mpul
an
Asam ar senatmer upakan senyawa ki mia dengan r umusmol ekul H3AsO4.
Asam ar senatj ugabi sadi kenaldenganr umusmol ekulAsO( OH)3.A sam yangt idak
berwarnai nimer upakananal ogasam f osfat,garam ar senatdanf osfatsendi rimemi li
ki
reaksiyangser upa.Asam ar senatmasi hbelum dii
sol asidanhanyadapatdi t
emukandi
dalam l arut an dan di sanalah asam i nisangatt erionisasi.Bent uk hemi hidratnya
(H3AsO4• 1⁄ 2H2O)dapatmembent ukkr i
stalyangst abi l.Met odayangdi gunakanyai t
u
penelusur anl i
teraturdenganEndnot eX7,met odepemodel andenganmenggunakan
software ChemOf fi
ce 15. 0,dan j uga per hi
tungan mat emat is.Asam ar senatj uga
memi li
kit otalener giyang dapatdi ket
ahuimenggunakan Chemof fi
ce 15. 0 yai t
u
sebesar85. 2948kcal /mol,streach0. 0516, bend66. 4930, st r
each- bend- 0.1025,torsion
23.4363,dan di pol-
dipol- 2.0437.Unt uk menget ahuini laivi skositas,ger akan i on,
kecepatan hanyutdi gunakan pengol ahan dat a dan r eview j urnalmengenaiasam
arsenat.Asam ar senatmemi likini
lai∆fG- 766.75,∆fH- 903. 45, danSo183. 07ser t
ani l
ai
kecepatanhanyutsebesar3, 628V/ cm set el
ahdi hi
tungmenggunakanr umus.
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