STRATEGI DAN PRINSIP ARSITEKTUR BERKELANJUTAN

(SKALA BANGUNAN)

Graham, Peter (2003) menyatakan bahwa dalam konteks bangunan secara

umum mempunyai ketidakleluasaan untuk bekerja karena terbatas oleh hukum-

hukum alam. Tetapi disaat struktur dan fungsi sebuah bangunan terbatas oleh

hukum-hukum alam, kreatifitas daya cipta sebagai respon hal tesebut adalah tidak

terbatas. Bangunan yang berkelanjutan oleh karena itu harus mempertimbangkan

interaksi antara material dan energy dan kemungkinan recycling dalam setiap fase

daur hidup bangunan. Adapun strategi yang dapat diambil pada setiap fase

dijelaskan dalam tabel 2.3 berikut ini :

Tabel 1. Strategi-strategi Dalam Proses Pembangunan

No Fase Strategi
1 Feasibility phase (fase
o whole of life costing;
kelayakan) o environmental impact assessment;
o environmental cost–benefit analysis.
2 Development planning Development planning
and design o Bioregional planning
o Eco-city planning
o Habitat and species surveys
o Refurbish rather than build new
Building design
o Bio-climatic design
o Eco-design
o Long-life loose fit design
o Design for deconstruction
3 Construction, o minimise material transportation to site and on-
refurbishment and site;
demolition o purchasing timber from certifi ed sustainable
sources;
o implementing environmental management
systems on site;
o implement construction waste minimisation
systems.
4 Operation phase Instructions
o Operating and maintenance instructions for the

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 building as a system
o Deconstruction instructions
o Information on material properties including
maintenance, reuse and recycling
Management
o Building environmental management planning
o Ecologically sustainable material purchasing
policies
o Waste minimisation planning
Feedback
o Make environmental performance indicators
like energy and water
consumption, material life cycle impact data,
and waste reduction visible
o Set environmental targets, monitor
performance and share results
o Use building environmental performance
rating schemes to promote good practice
o Expose resource supply and disposal pathways

Berdasarkan pengamatan tentang gambaran sekumpulan dalil-dalil

bangunan yang ekologis dan berkelanjutan yang menunjang kelangsungan

ekosistim maka bangunan harus memenuhi beberapa asas, prinsip, strategi yang

dapat diambil dalam setiap fase daur hidup bangunan seperti yang dijelaskan

dalam tabel 2.4 berikut ini :

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 Tabel 2. Asas, Prinsip dan Strategi Arsitektur Berkelanjutan (Skala Bangunan)

Fase Pengambilan
No Asas Prinsip Strategi
Keputusan
Use retail renewable energy Feasibility
Generate electricity using solar or wind energy Feasibility
Use low-quality, highly Development
Create community gardens for local food production
abundant energy planning
resources Passive climatic design Design
Insulate to capture latent heat for occupant comfort Design
Use stable soil temperatures as a passive heat exchanger Design
Use heat exchangers to pre-heat or pre-cool incoming air or
Design
water
Use energy in a large Use materials that can be easily repaired rather than
Create systems Design
number of small steps, disposable materials
that consume
1 not in a small Use non-composite materials Design
maximum
number of large steps Long-life loose fi t design Design
energy quality
Provide easy access for replacement/repair of building
Design
components that wear at different rates
Development
Reuse grey and black water
planning
Design for deconstruction Design
Prefabricated and modular design Design
Minimise waste
Use materials with small ecological rucksack Design
Construction waste minimisation as a condition of tender Design
Job site waste separation for reuse and recycling Construction
Refuse over-packaged materials Construction
2 Consume Maximise use of Development
Use treated grey and black water for non-potable purpose
resources no renewable and used planning
faster than the resources Passive climatic design Design
rate at which Use solar hot water Design

3
 Use materials and products that are easily recyclable Design
Use second hand or recycled materials Design/construction
Refurbish existing buildings before building new Feasibility
Development
Reduce car-based transportation
planning
Minimise use of new
Choose low embodied energy materials Design
and non-renewable
resources Use secondhand or recycled materials Design/construction
Construction waste minimisation as a condition of tender Design/construction
nature can Design for life cycle Design/construction
replenish them
Use lightweight high-strength materials in structural design Design
Use tension before compression in structural design Design
Choose technology that serves more than one purpose Design
Do more with less Minimise mechanical heating, ventilation and cooling Design
Use energy and water effi cient appliances and fi ttings Design
Insulate existing buildings to reduce energy consumption Design
3 Create only by Development
Capture, treat and reuse waste water
products that are planning/design
nutrients or raw Development
Reduce car-based transport
materials for planning/operation
resource Eliminate pollution Passive climatic design Design
production
Design/construction/
Use materials that require minimum transportation
operation
Implement environmental management procedures during
Construction
construction
Use biodegradable Use life-cycle assessment to choose materials that: Design
materials before bio- • don’t contain, create, use or emit toxic substances over
accumulating their life span
Materials • require minimal processing, transportation, and

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 maintenance
• can be readily reused and/or recycled
• don’t contain substances that are accumulating in the
Biosphere
Avoid using synthetic and toxic materials Design/construction
Design/construction/
Reuse and recycle synthetic and toxic materials
operation
Long-life loose fi t design Design
Design for deconstruction Design
Reuse, then refurbish Design/construction/
Use second hand or recycled materials
and recycle materials, operation
components Construction wasteminimisation as a condition of tender Design/construction
and buildings Create time provision in demolition contracts for material
Construction
salvag
Job site separation of construction waste for recycling Construction
Set environmental performance targets and monitor actual
All
vs. predicted performance
Apply life-cycle
Use LCA tools to select environmentally friendly materials Design
awareness and the
Use energy modelling tools to predict operational energy
Enhance precautionary Design
demands and environmental impacts
biological and Principle
Use environmental design tools and information to avoid
4 functional Design
making decisions with uncertain environmental outcomes
adaptability and
diversity Provide access to fast- Long-life, loose fi t design Design
cycling materials Design for deconstruction Design
without
destroying slow- Avoid composite materials, especially for finishes Design
cycling materials
Sumber : Graham, 2003

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