Main Idea, Topic and Title

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MATERI
GROUP BELAJAR UTBK 2021 THE KING EDUCATION
PAKET SOAL KE : 03
MATA PELAJARAN : BAHASA INGGRIS
JUDUL BAB : TPS PPU
PENYUSUN : VANIA HASYYATI
IG PENYUSUN : @vania.hsyt_
Perbedaan main idea dan topic

Main idea Topic
Biasanya terdapat pada kalimat pertama Topik dapat ditentukan ketika sudah
setiap paragraf atau pada kalimat terakhir menemukan ide utama dari teks
Berisi pandangan atau pendapat penulis Berisi subjek pembicaraan secara umum dari
terhadap topik yang sedang dibicarakan sebuah teks (hal umum yang dibahas penulis)
(pengembangan dari topik)
Berupa kalimat lengkap (terdapat subjek Berupa kata atau frasa (merupakan subjek)
dan predikat)
Bentuk pertanyaan
Main idea Topic Title
What is the main idea of the The main topic of the Which of the following would
passage? parrage gr… be the best title?
The primary idea of the What does the passage What is the appropriate title
parrage gr… mainly discuss? of the text above?
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Which of the following best What is the topic of the A good title for this
expresses idea of the text above? parrage gr…
text?
Which of the following best The passage is primarily
rtmmaqgzer sfe atsfoq’r conceqned wgsf…
main idea
The main idea of the first What is the text primarily
paqagqapf gr… concerned with?
Tfe grrte of sfe sexs gr…
In the text above the writer
dealr wgsf a sopgc on…
Cara penyelesaian soal
1. Baca kalimat pertama setiap paragraf
2. Cari kata kunci di setiap kalimat pertama
3. Baca cepat sisa teks yang belum dibaca untuk memastikan kamu benar-benar
sudah menemukan main idea/topic/title yang diminta soal
4. Eliminasi jawaban yang sudah pasti salah dan pilih jawaban yang merangkum
keseluruhan teks dan dirasa paling tepat
Jika ditanyakan prediksi topik sebelum

teks, pahami kalimat pertama paragraf
pertama.
Jika ditanyakan prediksi topik setelah
teks, pahami kalimat terakhir paragraf
terakhir.
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SOAL DAN PEMBAHASAN

GROUP BELAJAR UTBK 2021 THE KING EDUCATION
PAKET SOAL KE : 03
MATA PELAJARAN : BAHASA INGGRIS
JUDUL BAB : TPS PPU
PENYUSUN : VANIA HASYYATI
IG PENYUSUN : @vania.hsyt_
Question number 1is based on the following text.
U.S. President Barack Obama said in a weekly address that he is encouraged by
congressional efforts and other endeavors to change the fact that while the U.S. is home to five
percent of the world's population, it has 25 percent of the world's prisoners. The president said,
"Every year, we spend $80 billion to keep people locked up.
Obama said the "real reason" for the soaring prison population is over the last few
decades, the U.S. had "locked up more non-violent offenders than ever before, for longer than
ever before." He said "in too many cases, our criminal justice system is a pipeline from
underfunded schools to overcrowded jails." The president said he has taken steps to reverse that
trend by investing in schools that at-risk youths attend, signing a bill reducing the 100 to 1
sentencing disparity between crack and powder cocaine, andcommuting the sentence of dozens
of people "sentenced under old drug laws we now recognize were unfair."
President Obama said he will travel around the country over the next few weeks "to
highlight some of the Americans who are doing their part to fix our criminal justice system." His
itinerary willinclude a visit to a community battling prescription drug and heroin abuse, and talks
with law enforcement leaders "determined to lower the crime rate and the incarceration rate."
The president is also scheduled to meet with former prisoners. Earlier this year, Obama became
the first sitting U.S. president to visit a federal prison, as part of his push for a fairer justice
system and prison reform. He met with both law enforcement officials and inmates at the El
Reno prison in the central U.S. state of Oklahoma. Obama said in his weekly address he was
encouraged by the bipartisan effort in the Senate earlier this month, resulting in an agreement on
a criminal justice reform bill. The president said the bill would reduce mandatory minimums for
non-violent drug offenders and reward prisoners with shorter sentences, if they complete
programs that make them less likely to commit a repeat offense.
The harsh sentences were handed down in an era when a "tough on crime" stance resulted
in the prison population surge. The mandatory minimums were joined by a law called "three
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strikes, you're out" which mandated life sentences without parole for a third felony involving
drugs. New Jersey Senator Cory Booker said recently that the Senate bill is "a moment where,
after decades of our country moving in the wrong direction, after decades of seeing our federal
prison population explode 800 percent, we have gotten our criminal justice system - with this
piece of legislation - moving this country forward."
"From the halls of Congress to the classrooms in our schools, we pledge allegiance to one
nation under God with liberty and justice for all," President Obama said Saturday. "Justice means
that every child deserves a chance to grow up safe and secure, without the threat of violence.
Justice means that the punishment should fit the crime. And justice means allowing our fellow
Americans who have made mistakes to pay their debt to society, and re-join their community as
active, rehabilitated citizens." Obama said "Justice has never been easy to achieve, but it's always
been worth fighting for. And it's something I'll keep fighting for as long as I serve as your
president."
1. What is the main problem that was addressed in the reading?
A. Overloading cost for USA prisoner
B. Battling prescription drug and heroin abuse in USA
C. Crime rate and the incarceration rate that lead towers prison sentence in USA
D. President Obama struggle to combat high crime rate in the USA
E. Overpopulation of USA prison due to flaw in the justice system
Jawaban: E
Pembahasan:
 Pertanyaan tersebut menanyakan tentang apa permasalahan utama yang dibahas dalam
bacaan
 Dalam paragraf pertama dijelaskan bahwa ―the U.S. is home to five percent of the
world's population, it has 25 percent of the world's prisoners‖ atau dapat diartikan
menjadi ―AS adalah rumah bagi lima persen populasi dunia, yang (akan tetapi) memiliki
25 persen tahanan dunia‖. Pada paragraf selanjutnya dijelaskan bahwa hal ini
disebabkan oleh kecacatan dalam sistem hukum AS.
 Gagasan pokok merupakan jawaban yang dicari dalam soal ini, dari keterangan diatas
maka jawaban yang tepat adalah banyaknya populasi tahanan AS yang disebabkan
oleh sistem hukumnya (E)
Question number 2is based on the following text.

The Congress of Vienna (1814-15), convened after Napoleon's defeat, sought to restore
order to a Europe disrupted by revolutionary and imperial France. Its members' objective was a
constellation of states and a balance of power that would ensure peace and stability after a
quarter-century of revolution and war. In addition to the delegates of many small states, the
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congress included representatives of five large European states: Austria, Prussia, Russia, Britain,
and France. After months of deliberations, the congress established an international political
order that was to endure for nearly 100 years and that brought Europe a measure of peace.
The congress made no effort to restore the Holy Roman Empire and its 300-odd states.
Instead, it accepted the disappearance of many small states that had occurred since 1789 and
created the German Confederation. The confederation consisted of thirty-eight sovereign states
and four free cities and included the five large kingdoms of Austria, Prussia, Saxony, Bavaria,
and Wurttemberg. The confederation met at a diet in Frankfurt, with an Austrian always serving
as president.
Prince Clemens von Metternich, who directed Austria's foreign policy from 1809 until
1848, was the dominant political figure within the confederation. He waged a decades-long
campaign to prevent the spread of revolution in Europe by seeking to restore much of the
political and social order that had existed before the French Revolution. Metternich's Carlsbad
Decrees of 1819 established a pervasive system of press censorship and regulation of the
universities that dampened German intellectual life and hindered the publication of writings
advocating the principles of liberalism. In the 1820s, he engineered the formation of the Holy
Alliance of the monarchs of Austria, Prussia, and Russia to quash political, social, and economic
developments within Central and Eastern Europe thought to threaten political stability.
2. The second paragraph is mainly concerned with…

A. The recovery of holy roman empire
B. Dissappearance of many Germanic small states since 1789
C. The five large kingdoms of Europe
D. The creation of German Confederation by the congress
E. The reign of Austrian leader in the confederation made by Vienna Congress
Jawaban: D
Pembahasan:
 Pertanyaan diatas menanyakan isi atau gagasan pokok paragraf kedua.
 Jawaban dari soal ini dapat diambil di keterangan dalam kalimat “The congress made no
effort to restore the Holy Roman Empire...Instead, it accepted the disappearance of
many small states... and created the German Confederation. The confederation
consisted of...” atau ―Kongres (Vienna) tidak berusaha mengembalikan Kekaisaran
Romawi Suci ... Sebaliknya, ia menerima lenyapnya banyak negara kecil ... dan
menciptakan Konfederasi Jerman. Konfederasi (tersebut) terdiri dari ...‖
 Dari keterangan diatas dapat diketahui bahwa paragraf kedua berisi tentang
bagaimana Kongress Vienna tidak membangun kembali Kerajaan Romawi Suci
melainkan membentuk Konfederasi Jerman,sehingga jawaban yang tepat adalah D.
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Question number 3 is based on the following text.

One of the most striking personalities in the development of early-twentieth-century
architecture was Frank Lloyd Wright (1867–1959). Wright moved to Chicago, where he
eventually joined the firm headed by Louis Sullivan. Wright set out to create ―architecture of
democracy.‖ Always a believer in architectureas ―natural‖ and ―organic,‖ Wright saw it as
serving free individuals who havethe right to move within a ―free‖ space, envisioned as a
nonsymmetrical design interacting spatially with its natural surroundings. He sought to develop
anorganic unity of planning, structure, materials, and site. Wright identified the principle of
continuity as fundamental to understanding his view of organic unity: “Classic architecture was
all fixation. . . . Now why not let walls, ceilings,floors become seen as component parts of each
other? . . . This ideal, profound in its architectural implications . . . I called . . . continuity.”
Wright fully expressed these elements and concepts in Robie House, built between 1907
and 1909. Like other buildings in the Chicago area he designed at about the same time, he called
this home a ―prairie house.‖ Wright conceived the long, sweeping ground-hugging lines,
unconfined by abrupt wall limits, asreaching out toward and capturing the expansiveness of the
Midwest‘s great flatlands. Abandoning all symmetry, the architect eliminated a façade, extended
the roofs far beyond the walls, and all but concealed the entrance. Wright filled the ―wandering‖
plan of the Robie House with intricately joined spaces (somelarge and open, others closed),
grouped freely around a great central fireplace.(He believed strongly in the hearth‘s age-old
domestic significance.) Wrightdesigned enclosed patios, overhanging roofs, and strip windows to
provide unexpected light sources and glimpses of the outdoors as people move throughthe
interior space. These elements, together with the open ground plan, create a sense of space-in-
motion inside and out. The flow of interior space determined the sharp, angular placement of
exterior walls.
3. The main idea of this passage is...

A. The design of Robie House.
B. Twentieth-century architecture
C. Organic architecture design
D. Residences of the Midwest
E.Frank Lloyd Wright‘s work.
Jawaban: E
Pembahasan:
 Pertanyaan tersebut menanyakan tentang ide pokok teks.
 Petunjuk untuk menjawab soal ini terdapat di kalimat utama paragraf 1, yaitu “One of
the most striking personalities in the development of early-twentieth-century
architecture was Frank Lloyd Wright” atau dalam translasinya, ―Salah satu tokoh paling
mencolok dalam pengembangan arsitektur awal abad ke-20 adalah Frank Lloyd Wright.‖
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 Pilihan A, B, C, dan D adalah poin utama yang mendukung gagasan utama, yakni
mengenai karya frank lloyd wright. Jadi jwaban yang tepat adalah E.

Dissatisfaction with conventional explanations for dinosaur extinctions led to a surprising
observation that, in turn, has suggested a new hypothesis. Many plants and animals disappear
abruptly from the fossil record as one moves from layers of rock documenting the end of the
Cretaceous up into rocks representing the beginning of the Cenozoic (the era after the Mesozoic).
Between the last layer of Cretaceous rock and the first layer of Cenozoic rock, there is often a
thin layer of clay. Scientists felt that they could get an idea of how long the extinctions took by
determining how long it took to deposit this one centimeter of clay and they thought they could
determine the time it took to deposit the clay by determining the amount of the element iridium
(Ir) it contained.
In view of these facts, scientists hypothesized that a single large asteroid, about 10 to 15
kilometers across, collided with Earth, and the resulting fallout created the boundary clay. Their
calculations show that the impact kicked up a dust cloud that cut off sunlight for several months,
inhibiting photosynthesis in plants; decreased surface temperatures on continents to below
freezing; caused extreme episodes of acid rain; and significantly raised long-term global
temperatures through the greenhouse effect. This disruption of the food chain and climate would
have eradicated the dinosaurs and other organisms in less than fifty years.
4. What the second paragraph of the passage is trying to explain?

A. The source of iridium found in the boundary clay.
B. The exact cause of the extinction of dinosaurs.
C. What could happened if big asteroid hit earth.
D. Possible explanation for the eradication of dinosaurs.
E. The disrution of food chain and climate by fallen asteroid.
Jawaban: D
Pembahasan:
 Pertanyaan diatas menanyakan hal yang penulis jelaskan di paragraf kedua.
 Kalimat utama pada paragraf kedua adalah “In view of these facts, scientists
hypothesized that a single large asteroid, about 10 to 15 kilometers across, collided with
Earth, and the resulting fallout created the boundary clay.” Yang kurang lebih berarti
―Mengingat fakta-fakta ini, para ilmuwan berhipotesis bahwa satu asteroid besar, sekitar
10 hingga 15 kilometer, bertabrakan dengan Bumi, dan dampak yang dihasilkannya
menciptakan lapisan tanah liat.‖
 Kalimat utama ini kemudian dijelaskan oleh kalimat-kalimat berikutnya, yang berujung
pada bagaimana asteroid ini kemudian menjadi sebab musnahnya dinosaurus (This
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disruption of the food chain and climate would have eradicated the dinosaurs and other
organisms..).
 Meskipun begitu, di awal kalimat tetap dikatakan bahwa ini adalah hipotesis para
ilmuan sehingga jawaban yang tepat adalah D.

The United States government is composed of three major sections. It is based on the
Constitution of the United States of America that was put into effect in May, 1789. The three
parts of the U.S. Government are the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Each branch
works independently of the other two, and each has its own responsibilities. This system is in
place to ensure that no branch can carry more power than the other. This is called the separation
of powers, which was written into the Constitution.
The executive branch is the branch that most Americans are familiar with. It includes the
president of the United States, the vice-president, and the cabinet. The president is the leader of
the country and is the commander-in-chief of the U.S. military. The vice-president is second-in-
command, and will act as president if the president dies, resigns, or is removed from office. The
cabinet acts as agents of the U.S. President, and carry out the duties they are entrusted with.
The legislative branch of government consists of the House of Representatives, and the
Senate. Together they form the congress, which can levy and collect taxes, mint money, and
establish federal courts. It can also declare war, and raise and support the army, navy, and air
force to protect the country. The House of Representatives has 435 members, and the Senate
consists of 100 senators, with two from each of the states. Any legislation, or new law, must be
approved by both the House of Representatives and the Senate.
The judicial branch is entrusted to apply the laws created by the legislative branch of
government. It has the power to create lower courts under the Supreme Court of the United
States. It works closely with state courts, although they are separate.
5. What is the main idea of the passage above?

A. United States of America
B. The government system of United States of America
C. Constitution of United States of America
D. Separation of Power in American Constitution
E. A system that ensure no branch have more power than others
Jawaban: B
Pembahasan:
 Pertanyaan tersebut menanyakan ide pokok dari bacaan.
 Ide pokok suatu bacaan biasanya terdapat di paragraf pertama. Bisa merupakan kalimat
pertama, kalimat terakhir, ataupun kombinasi keduanya (tersirat). Ide utama biasanya
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berupa pernyataan spesifik yang didukung oleh kalimat-kalimat pertama di paragraf

selanjutnya.
 Jawaban yang tepat adalah B karena dalam paragraf pertama dijelaskan mengenai
pemerintahan Amerika Serikat yang memiliki sebuah sistem yang dinamakan “the
separation of power”. Pernyataan ini spesifik dandidukung oleh penjelasan di paragraf-
paragraf berikutnya.

History has suggested ancient societies left warfare to men. Long ago, societies assigned
certain jobs to men and women. It long held that hunters were men and gatherers were women.
But that view now appears flawed and too simple. Remains of North American hunter-gatherers
and Mongolian herders now suggest differently. Skeletons show signs that some women in these
communities were warriors.
Groups of hunter-gatherers lived in central California from 5,000 to 200 years ago. More
than 400 skeletons of people from 19 of those groups were examined. Archaeological evidence
helped shape the popular view of those groups and so did history and descriptions of these
people by 20th century anthropologists. Men were portrayed as hunters, fishers and fighters in
tribal feuds and other conflicts while women were described as gatherers, weavers and child
caretakers. But 128 of the skeletons from hunter-gatherer women showed damage from arrows
and sharp objects, such as knives, similar injuries which were on 289 male warriors.
However, bones on their own can‘t tell scientists whether women fought next to men.
Some females might have been injured carrying out other dangerous battle duties. For instance,
maybe they snuck up on enemies to cut their bow strings. In wars between Native American
tribes in California, women often were killed in surprise raids and other attacks. That may partly
explain female injuries reported in the new study. Some women may have fought in battles to
defend their children or village. So, what might strengthen the case for female fighters?
The study suggested that women were buried with weapons and other battle artifacts.
Christine Lee, an anthropologist at California State University, Los Angeles, studied the remains
of three women and six men buried in a high-status Mongolian tomb. Graves of potential women
warriors in western Asia include weapons and war gear. All but one woman showed signs of
having ridden horses in combat. Some bones were altered by frequent horse riding or damaged
from falls off horses. Bones in the shoulders and chests of two of the Mongolian women showed
signs of having used bows to shoot arrows. Their faces and heads also had arrowhead injuries.
6. The text is primarily concerned with….?

A. History of ancient societies
B. The tombs of women warriors
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C. Women warriors in ancient societies

D. Archaeological studies
E. Men‘s role in ancient societies
Jawaban: C
Pembahasan:
 Pertanyaan di atas menanyakan hal yang paling berkaitan dengan teks
 Hal yang harus dicari adalah main idea/ide pokok dari teks. Ide pokok bisa ditemukan
dibagian awal teks (paragraf 1, bisa di awal atau akhir paragraf 1)
 Cermati paragraf 1: di bagian awal penulis menyatakan bahwa di masyarakat
kuno perang adalah urusan laki-laki. Namun, di tengah paragraf penulis mengkontra
pemikiran itu dan dipertegas di akhir paragraf dengan mengatakan bahwa kerangka
yang ditemukan juga menunjukkan bahwa beberapa perempuan adalah juga
tentara/pejuang. Sehingga jawaban yang tepat adalah C

Local legends say that Borneo‘s few thousand wild elephants aredescendants from those
brought to an Island from India or Malaysia as a gift toa sultan in the eighteenth century.
Biologists from Columbia University‘s Centre for Environmental Research and Conservation
compared DNAsamples from Borneo elephants with Asian elephants in Sumatra, India
andelsewhere. Findings confirmed their supicions: Borneo‘s elephants aregenetically different.
In fact, the DNA differences are so great between themand their closest relatives (elephants in
Peninsular Malaysia) that thepopulations may have separated up to 300,000 years ago, say the
scientists. The animals become isolated when the island became totally cut off from themainland
due to a rise in sea level. Borneo‘s elephants are, therefore, animportant, separate population.
7. A good title for this passage is...

A. Genetical Difference Between Borneo Elephant and Other Asian Elephants.
B. Borneo Elephants in The 18th Century
C. Borneo Elephant's Uniqueness Proven Scientifically
D. The Separation of Borneo Elephant‘s
E. The Impact of Sea Level on Borneo Elephants
Jawaban: C
Pembahasan:
 Pertanyaan di atas menanyakan judul yang tepat untuk teks.
 Judul teks biasanya berfokus kepada ide pokok teks tersebut dan harus
menggambarkan seluruh isi teks.
 Teks pada soal membahas tentang pembuktian bahwa gajah Borneo memiliki sifat-
sifat yang berbeda dengan gajah India maupun Malaysia.
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 Pilihan A, B, D, dan E salah karena hanya berfokus kepada poin-poin penjelas pada teks.
Jawabannya adalah C.
Question number 8is based on the following text

Eventhough it is called Central Park, New York City‘s great green space hasno
―center‖—no formal walkway down the middle of the park, no centralmonument or body of
water, no single orienting feature. The paths wind, thelandscape constantly shifts and changes,
the sections spill into one another ina seemingly random manner. But this ―decentering‖ was
exactly the intent ofthe park‘s innovative design. Made to look as natural as possible,
FrederickLaw Olmsted‘s 1858 plan for Central Park had as its main goal the creation ofa
democratic playground— a place with many centers to reflect the multiplicityof its uses and
users. Olmsted designed the park to allow interaction amongthe various members of society,
without giving preference to one group orclass. Thus, Olmsted‘s ideal of a ―commonplace
civilization‖ could be realized.
8. The main idea of the passage is...

A. Park is democratic by design.
B. Olmsted was a talented designer.
C. New York City is a democratic city.
D. More parks should be designed without centers.
E. Central Park is commonly used by many people for various purposes.
Jawaban: A
Pembahasan:
 Teks ini menjelaskan Central Park yang dibuat oleh Law Omsted. Pada teks, dijelaskan
bagaimana Olmsted membuat taman dengan pusat yang banyak sehingga orang-
orang dapat saling berinteraksi. Tujuan utamanya adalah membuat taman tersebut
sebuah taman yang demokratis. Jawabannya adalah A.

From savoring a piece of cake to hugging a friend, many of life‘s pleasurestrigger a
similar reaction in the brain–a surge of dopamine, the ―feel-good‖ chemical. Recent research
suggests this reward circuit may do much morethan make us smile.
Researchers implanted skin and lung cancer cells in mice, thenstimulated the dopamine-
releasing neurons in the ventral tegmental area(VTA) of their brains. The rush of dopamine
disabled a group of cells thatpromote tumor growth. That allowed the immune system to respond
moreeffectively to the tumors, which were 40 to 52 percent smaller and lower inweight in mice
that received VTA stimulation than in those that didn‘t. ―By artificially activating the VTA,‖
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says the study‘s co-author, Asya Rolls ofTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology, ―we can affect
the nervous systemand, in turn, the immune system.‖
Moreover, the researchers explain, once the immune system isactivated in this way, it
appears to create a ―memory‖ of the foreign agents towhich it has been exposed, allowing it to
respond more efficiently to them inthe future.
Rolls doesn‘t believe that positive thinking alone can cure cancer, butthe study‘s author
hope that cancer patients might someday receive brainstimulation as an add-on therapy that
could, in turn, reduce the need fortraditional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation.
9. What is the writer trying to inform the readers?

A. The impact of tumors
B. The effect of feeling good to our health
C. The causes of dopamine stimulation
D. The issues of tumor responses
E. The research on mice
Jawaban: B
Pembahasan:
 Pertanyaan ini menanyakan apa yang penulis coba informasikan kepada pembaca.
 Jawaban dapat ditemukan dari topik teks.
 Penulis ingin memberitahukan bahwa perasaan baik maupun senang yang memicu
dopamin dapat berpengaruh dalam menstimulasi sistem imun manusia. Oleh
karena itu, perasaan senang berdampak baik bagi kesehatan. Jawabannya adalah B.
Question number 10-11are based on the following text.

In fall 1994, Ford introduced the Ford Contour and Mercury Mystique inthe United
States–the same basic mid-size car it introduced in Europe in 1993 under the name of Mondeo.
Intended to be Ford‘s world car, it took six years todevelop at a cost of $6 billion–twice what
Ford spent to develop its vastlysuccessful Taurus and four times more than Chrysler spent on
itsDodge/Plymouth Neon. Ford insisted that by developing and producing asingle basic car for
Europe and the United States, it saved about 25 percent ofdeveloping and producing a separate
car for each side of the Atlantic, as ithad done in the past. Consumer tastes had converged
sufficiently, accordingto Ford, so that a single car would find lots of buyers everywhere, just as
onemenu is working around the world for McDonald‘s. Building a world car is amost ambitious
undertaking; in the past, only Volkswagen‘s classic Beetle andToyota‘s Corolla have come close
to succeeding.
For the exterior design, Ford commissioned clay models from its designstudios in
California, Michigan, England, and Italy–from which it developed aconsensus model. After
showing the model to consumer clinics in the UnitedStates, Ford chose to change the front and
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rear styling and put a larger trunkand more chrome on the U.S. version of the car. Still, the
European andAmerican versions have 75 percent of their parts in common. This was a farcry
from Ford‘s previous unsuccessful attempt in 1981 to build a common carfor Europe and the
United States (the Escort), which resulted in one of thegrandest corporate foul-ups ever and led
to European and American modelsthat shared only two insignificant parts. Indeed, many experts
still feel that acommon car for the world market violated the basic marketing wisdom of
the1990s to get closer to customers. Ford, however, was confident that consumertastes had
converged sufficiently during the previous decade as to ensure thesuccess of its world car.
10. The main idea of the first paragraph is...

A. Ford‘s world car
B. Ford‘s new type of cars in the United States and Europe
C. Ford‘s most ambitious undertaking
D. Ford‘s basic car
E. Ford‘s assumptions about consumer tastes
Jawaban: B
Pembahasan:
 Pertanyaan di atas menanyakan ide pokok paragraf pertama
 Ide pokok paragraf pertama terdapat pada kalimat pertama, yaitu “In fall 1994, Ford
introduced the Ford Contour and Mercury Mystique in the United States–the same
basic mid-size car it introduced in Europe in 1993 under the name of Mondeo.” Kalimat-
kalimat setelahnya merupakan kalimat penjelas akan mobil yang dikeluarkan oleh Ford.
Jawabannya adalah B.
11. The paragraph following the passage will most likely deal with….
A. the increasing price of Ford‘s cars
B. the details about Ford‘s design
C. the type of customers that would buy Ford‘s cars
D. the outcome of Ford‘s cars sales and consumer tastes
E. Ford‘s competitor
Jawaban: D
Pembahasan:
 Pertanyaan di atas menanyakan topik paragraf setelah paragraf terakhir bacaan.
 Topik setiap paragraf harus berkaitan satu sama lain. Untuk menebak topik suatu paragraf
lanjutan, kita dapat melihat hal terakhir yang dibahas pada paragraf sebelumnya.
 Kalimat terakhir pada paragraf kedua yaitu ―Ford, however, was confident that
consumer tastes had converged sufficiently during the previous decade as to ensure the
success of its world car.” Kalimat ini menunjukkan keyakinan Ford akan selera
konsumen yang telah memusat pada dekade sebelumnya, sehingga mobilnya akan
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sukses. Jadi,paragraf yang mungkin untuk menjadi lanjutan yaitu membicarakan

tentang kenyataan hasil penjualan mobil Ford berdasarkan selera konsumen.
Jawabannya adalah D.

The most popular festival in Japan takes place from 1st-3rd January, and iscalled
Ganjitsu, which means ‗the beginning of the year‘. People believe thatgood or bad luck in the
first few days of the year represents the luck you willhave for the rest of the year. Ganjitsu is
celebrated by ceremonial housecleaning, feasting, and by the exchanging of visits and presents.
Most peopleput up special decorations at the entrance to their houses to keep out evilspirits. The
main decoration is a sacred rope decorated with ferns, oranges,and lobster. All of these thingsare
thought to bring good fortune, prosperity,and long life. Finally, no celebration is complete
without mochi cake and zonisoup. Both the cake and the soup are made from traditional recipes.
12. What is the topic of the passage?

A. Popular Japanese celebrations
B. Ganjitsu Festival
C. Japanese celebrations
D. Keeping up evil spirits in Japan
E. Good and bad luck in Japan
Jawaban: B
Pembahasan:
 Pertanyaan di atas menanyakan topik bacaan.
 Topik utama yang dibicarakan pada teks ini yaitu perayaan Ganjitsu Festival di
Jepang. Jawabannya adalah B.

Pollution is an environmental concern for people throughout the world. One university
study suggests that pollutants in the water, air, and soil cause up to 40% of the premature deaths
in the world's population. The majority of these deaths occur in developing countries.
Water in many developing countries is contaminated with toxic chemicals, also known as
toxins. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 1.1 billion people have little or no
access to clean water. In many of these regions the water that is used for drinking, cooking, and
washing is the same water that is used for dumping sewage and hazardous waste. Most
developing countries cannot afford water treatment facilities. Approximately 80% of infectious
diseases in the world are caused by contaminated water.
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Air pollution is a growing problem throughout the world. Indoor air pollution is one of
the leading causes of lung cancer. Outdoor pollution also causes disease and illness, especially in
industrial cities such as Beijing, China, where cancer is the leading cause of death. China relies
heavily on coal, which is considered the dirtiest source of energy. According to the European
Union, only 1% of urban dwellers in China breathe clean air on an average day. Neighbouring
countries including Japan and Korea receive much of China's pollution in the form of acid rain.
This pollution results mainly from the coal powered factories, which produce inexpensive goods
for North American and European consumers.
Soil pollution is also a major concern, both in industrial and developing countries.
Pollutants such as metals and pesticides seep into the earth's soil and contaminate the food
supply. Soil pollution causes major health risks to entire ecosystems. This type of pollution
reduces the amount of land suitable for agricultural production and contributes to global food
shortages.
As more people move to urban centres, premature deaths caused by pollution are
expected to increase worldwide. Today, the developed nations who achieved their wealth at the
expense of the environment will be held accountable for protecting the earth's resources for
future generations.
13. What is main idea of the passage?

A. Pollution as the world‘s environmental concerns
B. The effect of air pollution
C. The world pollution in both industrial and developing countries
D. The countries effort to clean the environment
E. The deaths occurred as the impact of pollution
Jawaban: E
Pembahasan:
 Pertanyaan ini menanyakan tentang gagasan utama dari keseluruhan bacaan.
 Untuk menentukan gagasan utama, dapat dilihat dari paragraf pertama teks bacaan.
Dalam teks di atas gagasan utama terdapat pada kalimat akhir paragraf pertama, yang
kemudian dibahas pada paragraf-paragraf selanjutnya.
 “Polusi adalah masalah lingkungan bagi orang-orang di seluruh dunia. Satu studi
universitas menunjukkan bahwa polusi di air, udara, dan tanah menyebabkan hingga
40% kematian dini pada populasi dunia. Mayoritas kematian ini terjadi di negara-
negara berkembang.”
 Pilihan A, B, C, dan D salah karena tidak sesuai dengan informasi yang terdapat dalam
teks bacaan. Jawabanyang tepat adalah E karena isi teks ini seluruhnya menjelaskan
bagaimana polusi air, udara, dan tanah dapat mengakibatkan kematian pada populasi
dunia.
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In recent years, snails have gone from garden dweller and French appetizer topractically a
worldwide skin-care ingredient: Their mucin (the slime they trail intheir wake) forms the
foundation for a recent wave of hyperpopular creams,masks, and serums.
Most of the snail mucin used for skin care involves the Cryptomphalusaspersa species,
a.k.a. the common garden snail. If you‘ve ever tried snail-slime products and noticed your skin
looking extra supple and glowy, you arenot imagining it.
Dermatologists state that snail mucin seals in moisture and allows activeingredients to
penetrate the skin very well. The mucous is rich in hyaluronicacid, and has been shown to exhibit
antioxidant activities, stimulate collagenproduction, and enhance wound healing.
If the only thing holding you back from trying snail-slime beauty products(besides the ick
factor) is concern for snail welfare, don‘t worry. Harvesting theslime involves having the
nocturnal snails crawl around a mesh net in adarkened room for 30 minutes at a time, then
transferred back to their naturalhabitat to rest. The snails are never harmed, and their
moisturizing slime isthen collected and pasteurized for the bottle.
14. The main information of the text is about...

A. why snail mucin is currently popular as a skincare ingredient
B. what kind of snail involved in skincare production
C. how to make a facial cream or mask from snail mucin
D. when to harvest snail slime
E. how snail-slime products react to our skin
Jawaban: A
Pembahasan:
 Pertanyaan ini menanyakan topik dari bacaan.
 Topik wacana tersebut adalah alasan lendir siput sedang popular sebagai bahan
perawatan kulit. Hal ini dijelaskan pada semua paragraf. Jawabannya adalah A.

According to a research abstract that will be presented at the 23rd Annual Meeting of the
Associated Professional Sleep Societies, students who consider themselves to be evening types
(that is someone who feels more alert and does their best work later in the day) have poorer sleep
hygiene scores than morning and intermediate types. Sleep hygiene is the group of behaviors
linked to good sleep and alertness. Examples include having a regular bedtime routine, a regular
wake time, a regular bedtime, and sleeping in a comfortable bed.
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The researchers found that this poor sleep hygiene was related to poorer academic
performance and a decline in grade point average (GPA) during the transition from high school
to college.
Results indicate that evening types had significantly lower first year college GPA (2.84)
than morning and intermediate types (3.18). These evening-type students showed a greater
decrease in their GPA during the transition from high school to college than their peers; their
grades dropped by .98 GPA points, while others only dropped by .69 GPA points. These evening
types also slept on average 41 minutes less than other students on school nights.
Lead author Jennifer Peszka, PhD, psychology department chair at Hendrix College in
Conway, Ark., said that many students experience deterioration in sleep hygiene during their
transition from high school to college.
The study was based on datba from 89 students (between 17 and 20 years old) preparing
to begin their freshman year and 34 of those students as theycompleted their freshman year at a
liberal arts college.
Authors of the study state educating high school and college students aboutthe possible
negative effects of poor sleep ehaviors on academic performancemay result in improvement in
academic performance, especially inadolescents who are at risk due to poor sleep hygiene and
evening-typestatus.
15. A good title for the text is...

A. Academic Benefits of Being An Early Bird
B. Being A Night Owl in High School is Linked with Lower College GPA
C. Average Performance of High School and College Students
D. Sleep Hygiene: A Study on High School Students
E. The Main Reason Behind Sleep Deprivation
Jawaban: B
Pembahasan:
 Pertanyaan di atas menanyakan judul yang tepat untuk teks.
 Keseluruhan teks ini terutama paragraf kedua membahas penelitian mengenai orang yang
cenderung lebih aktif di malam hari pada masa SMA dan nilainya saat mulai kuliah. “The
researchers found that this poor sleep hygiene was related to poorer academic
performance and a decline in grade point average (GPA) during the transition from
high school to college.” (Paragraph 2)
 Penjelasan yang lebih lengkap dipaparkan pada paragraf ketiga, keempat,dan kelima.
Paragraf pertama merupakan bagian pengantar dan paragraf terakhir merupakan bagian
kesimpulan.
 Catatan: Orang yang lebih aktif pada malam hari sebutannya yaitu ‗night owl‘,kalau
lebih aktif di pagi hari namanya ‗early bird‘.
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Dogs are one of the smartest animals and are often called man's best friend. As well as
being a pet, many trained dogs also become professionals to help police, airport officials, and
people with special needs. It is this special ability that always been an attraction for experts to
research dogs more scientifically and deeply. As reporter in TIME, one of the experts who was
interested in it was neuroscientist Gregory Berns from Emory University in Atlanta, United
States. Not just studying their behavior, Berns specifically trained dogs to sit quietly inside
Magnetic Resonace Imaging (MRI) so that the way their brain worked could be scanner and
seen. Without being anesthesized or put to sleep, the fully awale dog was told to sit while the
MRI scanner was checking their brain.
For the scanning purpose, large hardware was needed so that the software could function
optimally. The result of scanning indicated that size of the brain is the determining factor. The
dog's brain size is relatively large. Human brain is considered very big, teaching a proportion of
1:50 of the average total body weight. The size of dog's brain turned out to be 1:125 of the dog's
total body weight. It ia the ratio found on almost all types of puppies. In comparison with other
animals, the size of horse's brain is only 1:600 and the size of a lion's brain is slightly better at
1:550 of the total body weight. So, among other animals, the size of a dog brain is indeed quite
large and can accommodate more cognitive and affective development.
Dogs are very sensitive to tones. From changes in tone, dogs can learn and distinguish
human words. Berns' research aimed to how dogs learn human language: when dogs hear a word,
is it just an auditory simulation or does it have more meaning? He spent a year observing the
brain activities of the dogs when they hear familiar words ke unclear chatter. From the tone, dogs
can learn to distinguish human words. As with human babies, puppies respond more to humans'
high-pitched speech than low-pitched one. Researchers in New York and France also found that
high notes really helped puppies learn words. But as adults, dogs no longer choose high octave as
they die when they were young.
16. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. The comparison between a dog's brain size and its weight determines its capacity and
cognitive abilities.
B. A dog's brain size and its cognitive abilities are determines by the total body weight.
C. The size of a dog's brain determines its weight and cognitive potential
D. The larger the size of dog's brain, the faster its cognitive and affective development are
E. The ratio between a dog's brain size and its weight ia determined by its cognitive and affective
development
Jawaban: A
Pembahasan:
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 Perhatikan kalimat kedua paragraf kedua. “The result of the scanning indicated that the
size of the brain is the determining factor”. Artinya, ―hasil scan mengindikasikan bahwa
ukuran otak merupakan faktor yang menentukan‖. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa
perbandingan antara ukuran otak dan berat badan anjing menentukan kapasitas
dan kemampuan kognitifnya. Sehingga jawaban yang tepat adalah A.
Question number 17 is based on the following text

The way your brain works may vary from season to season, a new study suggests.
Researchers found that when people in the study die certain cognitive tasks, the ways that the
brain utilizes its resources to complete those tasks changed with the seasons.
Although people's actual performance on the cognitive tasks did not alter with the
seasons, ―the brain activity for the ongoing process varied,‖ said study author Gilles Vandewalle
of the University of Liege on Belgium.
In the study, the researchers looked at the cognitive brain function of 28 people in
Belgium during each season of the year. Each time, the people spent 4,5 daya deep on a lab,
without access to external world or seasonal cues such as daylight.
The researchers scanned the participants brains while they performed tasks, testing their
ability to sustain attention and to store, update, and compare information on their memories. The
researchers found that the people's performance on these tasks did not change, regardless of the
time of the year. However, results did show that the neutral ―cost‖ of performing these cognitive
tasks the amount of brain activity involved—changed with the time of the year. For example, the
level of brain activity related to sustaining attention peaked in June, near the summer solstice,
and were lowest in December, around the winter solstice. In contrast, the levels of brain activity
related to working memory peaked in autumn, and were lower around the spring equinox.
Previous research gas shown that changed in seasons are linked to changes in other processes
related to people's daily functioning. For exanple, people tend to consume more calories in
winter than in summer, the researchers said. And a study published on 2015 in the Journal of
Nature Communications found that the activity of human genes changes with the seasons, Akong
with people's immunity. Moreover, research has shown a link between seasons and mood, with
some people experiencing symptoms of seasonal effective disorder (SAD) in fall and winter
months, the researchers said.
17. The passage mainly discusses a topic on...

A. Results of research on cognitive tasks
B. How brain system work each season
C. Correlation between time in a year and how brain works
D. People's performance on cognitive tasks in a year
E. Relationship between seasons and feeling
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Jawaban:C
Pembahasan:
 Perhatikan kalimat pertama paragraf pertama, yang artinya ―cara otak anda bekerja
sangat bervariasi dari musim ke musim‖. Pernyataan tersebut kemudian didukung di
setiap paragraf bahwa kinerja otak di musim panas, gugur, semi, dingin
menunjukkan kinerja yang berbeda.
 Kemudian, pada paragraf terakhir didukung kalimat “Previous research has shown that
changes in seasons are linked to changes in other processes related to people's daily
functioning” (penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa perubahan musim
berhubungan dengan perubahan pada proses lainnya yang mencakup fungsi keseharian
manusia).
 Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa topik bacaan tersebut adalah mengenai hubungan
antara waktu dalam setahun dan bagaimana otak bekerja. Jawaban yang tepat adalah
C.

Nowadays, our lives are practically dependent on the Information Communication
Technology (ICT). Data from the Communication and Information Ministry show that Internet
users in Indonesia increased from 74 million people in 2013 to 111 million in 2014. In Indonesia,
Internet burst has been mainly used for accessing social media. Indonesia ranked third among
countries with the highest number of Facebook users, below the US and India.
The popularity of Internet and social media unfortunately gas not extended to the
education sector. ICT has not become backbone for improving the country's competitiveness
through education. The Ministry of Education and culture recorded that only about 50 percent of
the 234,919 primary and secondary schools in Indonesia had access to the Internet in mid-2014.
Advancent in ICT should ideally be able to revolutionize education. Technology brings

new sources of learning beyond teachers. Moreover, the divide between students and subjects ia
further narrowed by the availability of educational content through ICT. A revolution in
education is also possible through ICT as students can learn at the appropriate speed according to
their capacity. Interactive digital content allows student to pick particular topics that they want to
explore more. In a nutshell, there ia a democratization of the learning process.
Unfortunately, it is still a long road to revolutionize education in Indonesia through ICT.

In addition to building technology infrastructure accross the country's island. ICT literacy for
teachers, parent, and students ia also of importance. Without it, we are constrained from the
reaping the full benefits of ICT in education.
18. What does the passage mainly deal?
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A. The access to ICT for Indonesia students

B. The positive impact of ICT on modern life
C. The use of ICT in education
D. The benefits of ICT for life
E. ICT and modern life
Jawaban: C
Pembahasan:
 Perhatikan kalimat pertama paragraf pertama (main idea), yang artinya ―sekarang kita
semakin tergantung pada ICT‖. Paragraf 2, 3, dan 4 memberikan uraian tentang
penggunaan ICT dalam pendidikan. Jadi, bisa disimpulkan bahwa isi teks keseluruhan
membahas penggunaan ICT dalam dunia pendidikan. Jawaban yang tepat adalah C.

A hoax, unlike an honest error, is a deliberately-concocted plan to present an untruth as
the truth. It can take the form of a fraud, a fake, a swindle, or a forgery, and can be accomplished
in almost any field: successful hoaxes have been foisted on the public in fields as varied as
politics, Line religion, science, art, and literature.
A famous scientific hoax occurred in 1912 when Charles Dawson claimed to have
uncovered a human skull and jawbone on the Piltdown Common in southern England. These
human remains were said to be more than 500,000 years old and were unlike any other remains
from that period; as such, they represented an important discovery in the study of human
evolution. These remains, popularly known as the Piltdown Man and scientifically named
Eoanthropus dawsoni after their discoverer, confounded scientists for several decades.
It took more than forty years for the hoax to be uncovered. In 1953, a chemical analysis
was used to date the bones, and it was found that the bones were modern bones that had been
skillfully aged. A further twist to the hoax was that the skull belonged to a human and the jaws to
an orangutan.
19. The passage mainly discusses about….

A. The Piltdown Man
B. Charles Dawson‘s discovery
C. Eoanthropus dawsoni
D. A definition and example of a hoax
E. Darwin‘s theory of evolution
Jawaban: D
Pembahasan:
21 | P a g e
 Pertanyaan di atas menanyakan hal utama yang dibahas dalam teks (ide pokok teks)
 Yang harus kita temukan adalah main idea/ide pokok teks. Main idea biasanya ditemukan
di paragraf 1, bisa pada bagian awal atau pun bagian akhir.
 Perhatikan kalimat 1: Artinya ―Hoax, tidak seperti kesalahan yang jujur, adalah sebuah
rencana yang disusun secara sengaja untuk menampilkan ketidakbenaran sebagai
kebenaran.‖ Kalimat tersebut merupakan definisi dari hoax.
 Langkah berikutnya adalah dengan mengecek isi paragraf berikutnya. Sama seperti tadi,
fokus pada kalimat awal. 2 paragraf berikutnya memberikan contoh hoax. Jadi, jawaban
yang tepat adalah D.

Humans have a unique affinity for butter food, like coffee and broccoli. Most other
animals interpret a butter taste as a warning to stay away from a non-edible material, but some
humans can't get enough of it. According to a new study, people with the greatest affinity for
bitter dioda may have more psychopathic and antisocial tendencies.
In the study, 500 participants were asked how much they enjoyed different examples of
sweet, soyr, salty, and bitter foods. Then, they were asked to take a series of personality
assessment quizzes to evaluate their aggression, each of the Dark Triad measures (narcissism,
psychopathy, and Mavhiavellianism), everyday sadism (verbal, physical, and vicarious), as well
as Big Five personality traits, which include extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness,
emotional stability, and openness.
The researchers found that people who likes bitter foods were also more likely to score
highly in measures of psychopathy, sadism, and aggression. In fact, they write, an affinity for
bitter foods was a better predicator of personality than any of other tastes.
This study adds valuable information to the title explored question of how personality
related to taste preferences. However, understanding what makes a person like a particular food
ia a complex knot of biology and psychology, Influenced by his or her sensitivity tovtastes and
odors asbwell as past experiences. Moreover, the study doesn't provide any information about
what might cause that preference, ia itu biology or psychology, or both? This information might
be even more valuable than the study at hand.
20. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. A research has lent a new insight on food affinity
B. Food preference dan be a reflection of one's personality
C. Mental disorders may be a common problem in society
D. What we eat mau trigger our negative traits and emotions
E. A study on taste has discovered a groundbreaking finding
Jawaban: A
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Pembahasan:
 Pertanyaan di atas menanyakan ide pokok bacaan.
 Pada kalimat pertama paragraf 1: ―Humans have a unique affinity for bitter food...‖
(Manusia memiliki daya tarik yang unik untuk makanan pahit...). Kemudian, kalimat
ketiga menyatakan bahwa penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian baru mengenai
dampak konsumsi makanan pahit pada kecenderungan psikopat dan antisosial. Hal
tersebut merupakan wawasan (insight) baru mengenai pengonsumsian makanan
pahit. Maka, ide pokok bacaan tersebut mengenai penelitian tentang daya tarik
makanan. Sehingga jawaban yang tepat adalah A
Sumber soal:
Zeniora Education, Edukasystem, Cerebrum, The King Education, Ganesha Operation, Buku The
King SBMPTN Saintek 2021
23 | P a g e

Main Idea, Topic and Title

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Jika ditanyakan prediksi topik sebelum

SOAL DAN PEMBAHASAN

Question number 2is based on the following text.

2. The second paragraph is mainly concerned with…

Question number 3 is based on the following text.

3. The main idea of this passage is...

Question number 4 is based on the following text.

4. What the second paragraph of the passage is trying to explain?

Question number 5 is based on the following text.

5. What is the main idea of the passage above?

berupa pernyataan spesifik yang didukung oleh kalimat-kalimat pertama di paragraf

Question number 6 is based on the following text.

6. The text is primarily concerned with….?

C. Women warriors in ancient societies

Question number 7 is based on the following text.

7. A good title for this passage is...

Question number 8is based on the following text

8. The main idea of the passage is...

Question number 9 is based on the following text.

9. What is the writer trying to inform the readers?

Question number 10-11are based on the following text.

10. The main idea of the first paragraph is...

sukses. Jadi,paragraf yang mungkin untuk menjadi lanjutan yaitu membicarakan

Question number 12 is based on the following text.

12. What is the topic of the passage?

Question number 13 is based on the following text.

13. What is main idea of the passage?

Question number 14 is based on the following text.

14. The main information of the text is about...

Question number 15 is based on the following text.

15. A good title for the text is...

Question number 16 is based on the following text.

16. What is the main idea of the passage?

 Pertanyaan tersebut menanyakan ide pokok dari bacaan.

Question number 17 is based on the following text

17. The passage mainly discusses a topic on...

Question number 18 is based on the following text

Advancent in ICT should ideally be able to revolutionize education. Technology brings

Unfortunately, it is still a long road to revolutionize education in Indonesia through ICT.

A. The access to ICT for Indonesia students

Question number 19 is based on the following text

19. The passage mainly discusses about….

Question number 20 is based on the following text

20. What is the main idea of the passage?

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