HDH L

^K@ODB[M[D@

4.4. Mdtdr Hkmded`c

Egpkrd
Egpkrdsl sl dodm
dodmdbdb hdo
hdod`
d` usd
usdbd
bd yd`c hkrd`ccgt
hkrd`ccgtded`
ded` grd
grd`c
`c skg
skgrd`
rd`c
c dtd
dtdu
u hdod
hdod`` bue
bueufuf
egpkrdsl ok`cd` fkmd`odsed` ekcldtd``yd hkrodsdred` prl`slp egpkrdsl skedmlcus skhdcdl
ckrded` keg`gfl rdeydt yd`c hkrodsdr dtds dsds ekekmudrcdd`. ^rl`slp-prl`slp egpkrdsl
fkrupded` md`odsd` pgege egpkrdsl odmdf fk`jdmd`ed` usdbd`yd skhdcdl hdod` usdbd
od` ckrded` keg`gfl rdeydt. ^rl`slp prl`slp tkrskhut dodmdb : ekfd`olrld`, ekd`ccgtdd`
 hkrsladt tkrhued, pk`ckmgmdd` olmdeued` skidrd okfgerdtls, pkfhdcld` slsd bdslm usdbd
olmd
olmdeue
eued`d` sk skid
idrd
rd dol
dolmm sk
skhd
hd`ol
`ol`c
`c ok`
ok`cdcd`
` hk
hksd
sdr`
r`yd
yd jd jdsd
sd ususdbd
dbd fdfdslsl`c
`c ’ fd fdslsl`c
`c
d`cc
d` ccgt
gtd`
d`ydyd,, pkpkfh
fhkrkrld
ld`
` hd hdmd
mdss jd
jdsd
sd yd yd`c
`c tktkrh
rhdt
dtds
ds tk tkrb
rbdo
dodp
dp fg fgododm,
m, pk
pk`o
`olo
lole
led`
d`
 pkregpkrdsld` od` ekrjdsdfd d`tdr egpkrdsl. Edrdetkrlstle egpkrdsl yd`c fkfhkoded`
ok`cd` hdod` usdbd mdl` dodmdb hdbwd d`ccgt d`ccgtdd egpkrds
egpkrdsll fkflmlel lok`tltds
lok`tltds cd`od, ydlt
ydltuu
d`c
d` ccgtd skhd hdccdl pkf kfllmle od` skedmlcus skhdcdl pk`ccu` u`dd jdsd egpk pkrrdsl.
Ok`cd` skfdel` hkrekf hkrekfhd`c`yd
hd`c`yd ekcldtd` usdbd egpkrdsl, tu`tutd` tu`tutd` dcdr pk`ckmgmdd`
egpkr
egp krds
dsll ol
olmd
mdes
esd`
d`ded
ded`` skskid
idrd
rd prprga
gaks
kslg
lg`dm
`dm de
ded`
d` sk
skfd
fdelel`` hks
hksdr
dr.. ^k
^k`c
`ckm
kmgm
gmdd
dd`` yd`
yd`cc
 prgakslg`dm fkfkrmued` dod`yd slstkf pkrtd`ccu`cjdwdhd` yd`c hdle od` l`agrfdsl
yd`c rkm
rkmkvd
kvd` ` skr
skrtd
td odpd
odpdtt old
old`od
`odmed
med`,
`, u`t
u`tue
ue pk`
pk`cdf
cdfhlm
hlmd`
d` ekp
ekputu
utusd`
sd` pkr
pkrk`id
k`id`dd
`dd`` od`
 pk`ck`odmld` egpkrdsl. Ydmdb sdtu updyd tkrskhut dodmdb pk`ckfhd`cd` odrl slstkf
l`agrfdsl yd`c olpkrmued` u`tue fk`ufhubed` egpkrdsl fkmdmul deu`td`sl, ebusus`yd
fkrufu
fkr ufusedsed`` std
std`od
`odrr deu
deu`td
`td`sl
`sl ekud
ekud`cd
`cd`` u`t
u`tue
ue egpk
egpkrds
rdsll odm
odmdf
df pk`pk`yus
yusu`d`
u`d` mdp
mdpgrd
grd``
ekud`cd``yd.
Yksudl ok`cd` pkrekfhd`cd` egpkrdsl ol odmdf fkmdpgred` mdpgrd` ekud`cd``yd, el`l
odmdf pk`yusu`d``yd tkmdb olekmudred` ^kr`ydtdd` Ytd`odr Deu`td`sl Ekud`cd` @g. 83
tk`td`c deu`td`sl pkregpkrdsld` yd`c tkmdb fk`odpdt rkvlsl pdod tdbu` 4<<2. ^YDE @g.
83 l`l hkrlsled` tk`td`c edrdetkrlstle egpkrdsl, struetur pk`cgrcd`lsdsld` egpkrdsl, usdbd
od` jk`ls egpkrdsl, tujud` egpkrdsl, rud`c ml`ceup egpkrdsl, okal`lsl’okal`lsl egpkrdsl,
std`odr pk`ydjld` mdpgrd` ekud`cd` egpkrdsl. Fk`urut ^kr`ydtdd` Ytd`odr Deu`td`sl
Ekud`cd` @g. 83 l`l, mdpgrd` ekud`cd` egpkrdsl ltu tkrolrl odrl `krdid, pkrbltu`cd` bdslm
usdbd
usd bd (^B
(^B[),[), mdp
mdpgrd
grd`` dru
druss eds
eds,, mdp
mdpgrd
grd`` prg
prgfgs
fgsll keg`
keg`gflgfl d`cc
d`ccgtd
gtd,, od` idtidtdtd
dtd`
` dtd
dtdss
mdpgrd` ekud`cd`.

4.8. Xufusd` F
Fd
dsdmdb
Hdcdlfd`d fk`cd`dmlsls trd`sdesl odmdf egpkrdsl7

4.9. _ujud`
Fdedmdb l`l oltuml
Fdedmdb oltumlss ok`cd`
ok`cd` tujud`
tujud` dcdr pdrd
pdrd pkfhdid
pkfhdid odpdt
odpdt fk`ckt
fk`cktdbu
dbull hdcdlf
hdcdlfd`d
d`d
idrd`yd fk`cd`dmlsls trd`sdesl odmdf egpkrdsl

4
 

HDH LL

^KFHDBDYD@

8.4. @krdid
Odrl kfpdt jk`ls mdpgrd` ekud`cd` yd`c dod, `krdid fkrupded` mdpgrd` ekud`cd` yd`c
fk`u`jueed` pgslsl sufhkr odyd yd`c olflmlel egpkrdsl hkskrtd l`agkfdsl tk`td`c dsdm
sufhkr odyd tkrskhut. Ok`cd` au`csl tkrskhut, `krdid fkrupded` sdtu ’ sdtu`yd mdpgrd`
ekud`cd` yd`c odpdt olsusu` pdod dwdm pk`olrld` sudtu egpkrdsl.
 @krdid tkrolrl odrl oud slsl, ydltu slsl elrl yd`c olskhut Detlvd od` slsl ed`d` y
yd`c
d`c
olskhut ok`cd` ^dslvd dtdu Ekwdjlhd`. Ylsl ^dslvd tkrolrl odrl utd`c od` keultds.

 @krdid
Detlvd ^dslvd/Ekwdjlhd`
[td`c
Keultds

Detlvd
Detl vd (dss
(dsskt
kt)) dodmd
dodmdb
b ek
eked
edydd
ydd`
` yd
yd`c
`c olfl
olflml
mlel
el su
sudt
dtu
u egpkr
egpkrds
dsl.
l. Detl
Detlvd
vd fkru
fkrupde
pded`
d`
eufpumd`
eufpum d` sufhkr
sufhkr odyd yd`c olflmlel egpkrdsl
egpkrdsl yd`c ded` olcu`ded` u`tue fkfpkrgmkb
fkfpkrgmkb
 pk`cbdslmd` skmdfd tdbu` yd`c hkrsd`ceutd` fdupu` tdbu` ’ tdbu` hkrleut`yd.
Ekedydd` egpkrdsl odpdt hkrupd ud`c, tdclbd` ekpdod d`ccgtd, tdclbd` ekpdod plbde 
mdl`, pkrdmdtd` ed`tgr, ek`odrdd`, hd`cu`d`, od` skhdcdl`yd.

[td`cmdl`
 plbde dodmdb ekwdjlhd`
ol fdsd egpkrdsl
fk`odtd`c u`tue
delhdt fkfhdydr
trd`sdesl ol fdsdskjufmdb ud`c/hdrd`c/jdsd
mdmu. [td`c egpkrdsl odpdt ekpdod
hkrupd
utd`c usdbd, utd`c hd`e, dtdu utd`c ekpdod d`ccgtd odmdf hk`tue slfpd`d` suedrkmd
dtdu od`d.

Keultds dodmdb huetl pk`ykrtdd` od` ekpkflmled` odrl d`ccgtd skhdcdl plbde yd`c tkmdb
fk`d`dfed` ud`c`yd odmdf egpkrdsl. Keultds egpkrdsl tkrolrl odrl, slfpd`d` pgege,
slfpd`
slfpd`d`
d` wdjlh,
wdjlh, og`dsl
og`dsl,, od` slsd
slsd bdslm
bdslm usdbd
usdbd yd`c hkmuf olhdcl
olhdcl skrtd
skrtd idod`c
idod`cd`
d` ’ 
idod`cd` yd`c olhk`tue egpkrdsl.

8.8. Xufus Odsdr

Yktldp
Yktldp trd`sd
trd`sdesl
esl yd`c olmdeue
olmdeued`
d` sudtu
sudtu hdod`
hdod` usdbd
usdbd ded` sd
sdml`
ml`c
c fkfpk`c
fkfpk`cdru
drubl
bl sdtu
sdtu
ok`cd`
ok`cd` yd`c mdl``yd
mdl``yd.. Jled
Jled trd`sd
trd`sdesl
esl detlvd
detlvd tkr
tkrjdo
jdol,
l, bdm ltu ded` fkfpk`
fkfpk`cdr
cdrubl
ubl slsl
slsl

8
 

 pdslvd`yd. Jled trd`sdesl detlvd tlode fkmlhdted` slsl pdslvd, fded yd`c hkruhdb bd`yd
egfpgslsl
egfpgs lsl detlvd`yd sdjd. Gmkb edrk`d ltu, jufmdb tgtdm detlvd ded` skmdmu sdfd ok`cd`
 jufmdb tgtdm pdslvd. @lmdl tgtdm detlvd yd`c skmdmu sdfd ok`cd` `lmdl tgtdm pdslvd ltumdb
yd`c olskhut ok`cd` pkrsdfdd` deu`td`sl.

Detvd (Bdrd)
(Bdrd) 6 Ekwdjlhd` ([d`c)
([d`c) + Keulds

Detvd (Bdrd) - Ekwdjlhd` ([d`c) 6 Keulds

^krsdfdd` deu`td`sl odpdt jucd olcu`ded` u`tue fkmlbdt pk`cdrub trd`sdesl pk`odpdtd`,
 pk`ckmudrd` hkhd`, dtdu pkfhdcld` YB[ yd`c olmdeued` egpkrdsl.

Jk`ls _rd`sdesl ^k`cdrub tkrbdodp Keultds

Yktgrd` fgodm gmkb d`ccgtd Fk`dfhdb
 ^kfhdcld` YB[  Fk`curd`cl
 ^k`odpdtd` Fk`dfhdb
 ^k`ckmudrd` Hldyd Fk`curd`cl

Yktgrd` fgodm odmdf hk`tue sktgrd` slfpd`d` pgege od` slfpd`d` wdjlh gmkb d`ccgtd
ded` fk`dfh
fk`dfhdbdb keultds
keultds egpkrds
egpkrdsl.l. ^krgmk
^krgmkbd`
bd` pk`odpd
pk`odpdtd`
td` egpkrd
egpkrdsl
sl edrk`d
edrk`d fk`jud
fk`judmm
 prgoue`yd ded` fk`dfhdb keultds egpkrdsl. Ykod`ced` pkfhdydrd` ud`c (pk`cgrhd`d`
keg`gfl
keg`gfls)
s) yd`c olmdeu
olmdeued`
ed` egpkrds
egpkrdsll u`tue
u`tue fkfpkr
fkfpkrgmk
gmkbb pk`odpd
pk`odpdtd`
td` tkr
tkrskh
skhut
ut ded`
ded`
fk`curd`cl keultds egpkrdsl. Ykmlslb pgsltla yd`c tlfhum d`tdrd pk`odpdtd` ok`cd` hkhd`
yd`c olekmudred` egpkrdsl ded` fk`cbdslmed` slsd bdslm usdbd (YB[). Jled YB[ l`l
olhdcled` ekpdod d`ccgtd, bdm ltu ded` fk`curd`cl keultds egpkrdsl.

8.9..
8.9 Hkh
Hkhkrd
krdpd
pd Lst
Lstlmd
lmdb
boodmd
dmdf
fDDeu
eu`td
`td`sl
`sl Egp
Egpkrd
krdsl
sl
  Eds dodmdb dmdt pkfhdydrd` yd`c olflmlel egpkrdsl od` sldp olcu`ded`, skpkrtl
ike eg`td` skrtd ud`c tu`dl (ud`c ekrtds od` ud`c mgcdf).
  ^lutd`c D`ccgtd dodmdb
D`ccgtd  dodmdb bde (tdclbd`) egpkrdsl ekpdod d`ccgtd egpkrdsl. _dclbd`
tkrskh
tkrskhut
ut tlfhu
tlfhumm edrk`d
edrk`d egpkrds
egpkrdsll fkfl`j
fkfl`jdfe
dfed`d` ud`c
ud`c ekpdod
ekpdod d`ccgt
d`ccgtd`yd
d`yd dtdu
dtdu
edrk`d egpkrdsl fk`judm hdrd`c ekpdod d`ccgtd`yd skidrd erkolt.
   ^krmk`cedpd` Ed`tgr dodmdb hdrd`c/hdbd`
hdrd`c/hdbd` pkmk`cedp
pkmk`cedp detlvltds
detlvltds egpkrdsl yd`c
 hldsd`yd hkrufur pk`oke
pk` oke (eurd`c odrl sdtu tdbu`) yd`c
y d`c bdhls
bd hls edrk`d pkfdedld`,
skpkrtl ekrtds, pumpk`, tl`td, od` skhdcdl`yd.
   ^krdmdtd` Ed`tgr   dodmdb dmdt ’ dmdt yd`c olflmlel egpkrdsl
egpkrdsl od` olcu`ded`
olcu`ded` odmdf
gpkrdsl jd`ced ^d`jd`c, skpkrtl: fkjd, eursl, igfputkr, od` skhdcdl`yd.
  [td`c [sdbd 
[sdbd  dodmdb pl`jdfd`
pl`jdfd` (ekwdjlhd`)
(ekwdjlhd`) yd`c olflmlel
olflmlel egpkrdsl ekpdod plbde 
mdl` yd`c tlfhum delhdt trd`sdesl pkfhkmld` erkolt yd`c olmdeued` egpkrdsl.
  [td`c Hd`e  dodmdb
  dodmdb ekwdjlhd` yd`c olflmlel egpkrdsl ekpdod plbde hd`e edrk`d
tkmdb fkfl`jdf ud`c ekpdod hd`e.
  Yuedrkmd  dodmdb ekwdjlhd`
Ylfpd`d` Yuedrkmd  ekwdjlhd` yd`c olflmlel
olflmlel egpkrdsl
egpkrdsl ekpdod d`ccgtd`yd
edrk`d d`ccgtd tkmdb fk`ylfpd` (fk`dhu`c) ud`c`yd ol egpkrdsl.

9
 

  Ylfpd`d` ^gege  dodmdb
  dodmdb jufmdb `lmdl ud`c tkrtk`tu yd`c sdfd hd`yde`yd yd`c
bdrus olsktgred` sktldp d`ccgtd pdod wdetu fdsue fk`jdol d`ccgtd egpkrdsl.
  Ylfpd`d` Sdjlh 
Sdjlh  dodmdb jufmdb slfpd`d` tkrtk`tu yd`c bdrus olhdydred` gmkb
d`ccgtd odmdf wdetu od` ekskfpdtd` tkrtk`tu, flsdm`yd skhumd` skedml.

8.?. Ig`tgb _rd`sdesl

 _rd`sdesl (d)
^dod td`ccdm 8 Dprlm 8>4>, 8>> grd`c edrydwd` ^_. Outd @ldcd, pk`olrl
egpkrdsl, fk`ykrdbed` ud`c skhksdr Xp ;>>.>>>. pkr grd`c skhdcdl slfpd`d`
 pgege d`ccgtd egpkrdsl.

Eds Ylfpd`d`
^gege 
4>>.>>> 4>>.>>>

4>>.>>> 4>>.>>>

 _rd`sdesl (h)
Kfpdt bdrl ekfuold`, ydltu td`ccdm 1 Dprlm 8>4>, Egpkrdsl Ykjdbtkrd Fd`olrl
fkfhkml pkrdmdtd` ed`tgr skbdrcd Xp 88.>>>.>>>. ^kfhkmld` pkrdmdtd` ed`tgr 
l`l skhdcld` olhdydr skidrd tu`dl od` skhdcld`
skhdcld` skidrd
skidrd erkolt.
erkolt. Odrl jufmdb
jufmdb ltu,
skhksdr Xp 3.>>>.>>> tkmdb olhdydr tu`dl od` slsd`yd ded` olhdydr odmdf
wdetu ? humd`.

Eds ^krdmdtd` [td`c Ylfpd`d`

Ed`tgr  [sdbd ^gege 

4>>.>>> 88.>>> > 4>>.>>>

(3.>>>) 4;.>>>

<9.>>> 88.>>> 4;.>>> 4>>.>>>

 _rd`sdesl (i)
Ekksged` bdrl`yd, ydltu td`ccdm 3 Dprlm 8>4>, Egpkrdsl Ykjdbtkrd Fd`olrl
 jucd fkfhkml pkrmk`cedpd` ed`tgr,skbdrcd Xp 8.>>>.>>>. ^kfhkmld` l`l
olmdeu
olmdeued`
ed` skidrd
skidrd tu`dl
tu`dl ok`cd`
ok`cd` fk`ccu
fk`ccu`ded
`ded`
` ud`c egpkrd
egpkrdsl
sl ”Ykjdb
”Ykjdbtkr
tkrdd
Fd`olrl‖.

Eds ^krdmdtd` ^krmkcedpd [td`c Ylfpd`d

Ed`tgr  ` [sdbd `
Ed`tgr  ^gege 

?
 

<9.>>> 88.>>> > > 4>>.>>>

(8.>>>) 8.>>> 4;.>>>

<4.>>> 88.>>> 8.>>> 4;.>>> 4>>.>>>

 _rd`sdesl (o)
^dod td`ccdm 8 Fkl 8>4>, sktldp d`ccgtd egpkrdsl fk`yktgred`
fk`yktgred` ud`c skhksdr 
Xp 8;.>>> pkr grd`c skhdcdl slfpd`d` wdjlh d`ccgtd.

Eds ^krdmdtd` ^krmkcedpd [td`c Ylfpd`d Ylfpd`d`

Ed`tgr  ` [sdbd ` Sdjlh
Ed`tgr  ^gege 
<4.>>> 88.>>> 8.>>> 4;.>>> 4>>.>>> >
;.>>> ;.>>>

<1.>>> 88.>>> 8.>>> 4;.>>> 4>>.>>> ;.>>>

 _rd`sdesl (k)
^dod td`ccdm ; Fkl 8>4>, Egpkrdsl ”Ykjdbtkrd Fd`olrl‖ fkfpkrgmkb erkolt
usdbd odrl Hd`e Fd`olrl skhksdr Xp 1>.>>>.>>>.

Eds ^krdmdtd` ^krmkcedpd` [td`c [td`c Ylfpd`d` Ylfpd`d

Ed`tgr  Ed`tgr  [sdbd Hd`e  ^gege  `
Sdjlh
<1.>>> 88.>>> 8.>>> 4;.>>> > 4>>.>>> ;.>>>
1>.>>> 1>.>>>

4;1.>>> 88.>>> 8.>>> 4;.>>> 1>.>>> 4>>.>>> ;.>>>

 _rdsdesl (a)
^dod td`ccdm 1 Fkl 8>4>, skjufmdb d`ccgtd egpkrdsl fk`ylfpd` ud`c`yd
skhdcdll slfpd`d
skhdcd slfpd`d`
` suedrk
suedrkmd
md skhksd
skhksdrr Xp 48.>>>.
48.>>>.>>>
>>> ol egpkrd
egpkrdsl
sl Ykjdbt
Ykjdbtkrd
krd
Fd`olrl.

Eds ^krdmdtd` ^krmkcedpd` [td`c [td`c Ylfpd`d Ylfpd`d Ylfpd`d`

Ed`tgr  Ed`tgr  [sdbd Hd`e  ` ` Sdjlh
Yuedrkmd ^gege 
4;1.>>> 88.>>> 8.>>> 4;.>>> 1>.>>> > 4>>.>>> ;.>>>
48.>>> 48.>>>

412.>>> 88.>>> 8.>>> 4;.>>> 1>.>>> 48.>>> 4>>.>>> ;.>>>

 _rd`sdesl (c)

;
 

^d
^dod
od td
td`c
`ccdm
cdm 4> Fkl
Fkl 8>4>,
8>4>, egpkr
egpkrds
dsll ”Ykjd
”Ykjdbt
btkr
krdd Fd`o
Fd`olr
lrl‖
l‖ fkfh
fkfhkr
krle
led`
d`
 pl`jdfd` ud`c ekpdod 8? grd`c d`ccgtd`yd skhksdr Xp ;.>>>.>>> pkr grd`c,
ok`cd` `lmdl tgtdm pl`jdfd` skhksdr Xp 48>.>>>.>>> ok`cd` tl`cedt hu`cd
skhksdr 9% pkr humd`.

Eds ^krdmdtd` ^krmkcedpd ^lutd`c [td`c [td`c Ylfpd`d` Ylfpd`d Ylfpd`d`

Ed`tgr  ` D`ccgtd [sdbd Hd`e  Yuedrkmd ` Sdjlh
Ed`tgr  ^gege 
412.>>> 88.>>> 8.>>> > 4;.>>> 1>.>>> 48.>>> 4>>.>>> ;.>>>
(48>.>>>) 48>.>>>

?2.>>> 88.>>> 8.>>> 48>.>>> 4;.>>> 1>.>>> 48.>>> 4>>.>>> ;.>>>

 _rd`sdesl (b)
^dod td`ccdm
td`ccdm 8< Fkl 8>4>, d`ccgtd
d`ccgtd egpkrds
egpkrdsll yd`c
yd`c fkfl`j
fkfl`jdf
df ud`c
ud`c pdod
pdod
egpkrdsl fkfhdydr d`csurd` pgege, hu`cd pl`jdfd`, od` jdsd prgvlsl skhksdr 
Xp 42.>>>.>>>. Odrl jufmdb ltu, skhksdr
skhksdr Xp 48.>>>.>>>
48.>>>.>>> fkrupded` d`csurd`
 pgege pl`jdfd`, skhksdr Xp 9.1>>.>>> fkrupded` pkfhdydrd` hu`cd
 pl`jdfd`, od` skhksdr Xp 8.?>>.>>> fkrupded` jdsd prgvlsl.

Eds ^krdmdtd` ^krmkcedpd ^lutd`c [td`c [td`c Ylfpd`d` Ylfpd`d Ylfpd`d` YB[
Ed`tgr  ` D`ccgtd [sdbd Hd`e  Yuedrkmd ` Sdjlh
Ed`tgr  ^gege 
?2.>>> 88.>>> 8.>>> 48>.>>> 4;.>>> 1>.>>> 48.>>> 4>>.>>> ;.>>> >
42.>>> (48.>>>) 1.>>>

11.>>> 88.>>> 8.>>> 4>2.>>> 4;.>>> 1>.>>> 48.>>> 4>>.>>> ;.>>> 1.>>>

 _rd`sdesl (l)
^dod td`ccdm 9> Fkl 8>4>, olhdydr cdjl 8 grd`c edrydwd` egpkrdsl skhksdr Xp
1>>.>>> pkr grd`c. Ekoud edrydwd` fumdl hkekrjd td`ccdm 4 Fkl 8>4>. ^dod
sddt yd`c sdfd, egpkrdsl
egpkrdsl fkfhdydr hkhd` hu`cd pl`jdfd
pl`jdfd`
` ek Hd`e Fd`olrl
Fd`olrl

skhksdr Xp <>>.>>>.

Eds ^krdmdtd` ^krmkcedpd ^lutd`c [td`c [td`c Ylfpd`d` Ylfpd`d Ylfpd`d` YB[
Ed`tgr  ` D`ccgtd [sdbd Hd`e  Yuedrkmd ` Sdjlh
Ed`tgr  ^gege 
11.>>> 88.>>> 8.>>> 4>2.>>> 4;.>>> 1>.>>> 48.>>> 4>>.>>> ;.>>> 1.>>>
(8.4>>) (8.4>>)
19.<>> 88.>>> 8.>>> 4>2.>>> 4;.>>> 1>.>>> 48.>>> 4>>.>>> ;.>>> 1.>>>

 _rd`sdesl (j)
^dod td`ccdm 94 Fkl 8>4>, egpkrdsl Ykjdbtkrd Fd`olrl fkfhdydr skhdcld`
utd`c`yd ekpdod _geg DHI skhksdr Xp <.>>>.>>>.

Eds ^krdmdtd` ^krmkcedpd` ^lutd`c [td`c [td`c Ylfpd`d` Ylfpd`d Ylfpd`d` YB[
Ed`tgr  Ed`tgr  D`ccgt [sdbd Hd`e  Yuedrkmd ` Sdjlh
d ^gege 
19.<>> 88.>>> 8.>>> 4>2.>>> 1 4;.>>> 1>.>> 48.>>> 4>>.>>> ;.>>> 9.<>>
>
(<.>>>) (<.>>>)
;?.<>> 88.>>> 8.>>> 4>2.>>> 1.>>> 1>.>> 48.>>> 4>>.>>> ;.>>> 9.<>>
 >
 

Odrl hkrhdcdl trd`sdesl od` pkrsdfdd` deu`td`sl tkrskhut, dod oud jk`ls trd`sdesl
 hkredltd` ok`cd` pk`cdrub`yd tkrbdodp fgodm, ydltu :

d. _rd`sdesl
_rd`sdesl yd`c hkrpk`cd
hkrpk`cdrub
rub tkrbdodp
tkrbdodp keultds
keultds egpkrdsl
egpkrdsl : (d),
(d), (o),
(o), (a), (b),
(b), od` (l).
(l).
 h. _rd`sdesl yd`c tlode hkrpk`cdrub tkrbdodp fgodm egpkrdsl : (h), (i), (k), (c), (j)

_rd`sdesl ol dtds, jled olrl`ceds odmdf hk`tue idtdtd` pkrsdfdd` deu`td`sl dodmdb
skhdcdl hkrleut (odmdf rlhud`) :
_d`ccdm Eds ^krdmdtd` ^krmkcedpd` ^lutd`c [td`c [td`c Ylfpd`d` Ylfpd`d` Ylfpd`d` YB[
Ed`tgr  Ed`tgr  D`ccgtd [sdbd Hd`e  Yuedrkmd ^gege  Sdjlh Hkmuf
Olhdcl
8>4>
8 Dprlm 4>>.>>>
1 Dprlm (3.>>>) 88.>>> 4;.>>> 4>>.>>>
3 Dprlm (8.>>>) 8.>>>
8 Fkl ;.>>> ;.>>>
; Fkl 1>.>>> 1>.>>
>
1 Fkl 48.>>> 48.>>>
4> Fkl (48>.>>> 48>.>>>
)
8< Fkl 42.>>> (48.>>>) 1.>>>
9> Fkl (8.4>>) (8.4>>)
94 Fkl (<.>>>) (<.>>>)

Ydmog ;?.>>> 88.>>> 4>2.>>> 1.>>> 1>.>> 48.>>> 4>>.>>> ;.>>> 9.<>>
>
_gtdm 421.<>> 421.<>>

Fded `krdid egpkrdsl pkr 94 Fkl 8>4>, ydltu :

Egpkrdsl Ykjdbtkrd Fd`olrl
 @krdid
^kr 94 Fkl 8>4>
Eds ;?.<>>.>>> [td`c [sdbd 1.>>>.>>>
^lutd`c D`ccgtd 4>2.>>>.>>> [td`c Hd`e 48.>>>.>>>
^krmk`cedpd` Ed`tgr 8.>>>.>>> Ylfpd`d` Yuedrkmd 1>.>>>.>>>
^krdmdtd` Ed`tgr 88.>>>.>>> Ylfpd`d` ^gege 4>>.>>>.>>>
Ylfpd`d` Sdjlh ;.>>>.>>>
YB[ 9.<>>.>>>
_gtdm Detlvd 421.<>>.>>> _gtdm Ekwdjlhd` 421.<>>.>>>

3
 

HDH LLL

^K@[_[^
9.4. Ekslfpumd`
 @krdid fkrupded` mdpgrd` ekud`cd` yd`c fk`u`jueed` pgslsl sufhkr odyd yd`c olflmlel
egpkrdsl hkskrtd l`agrfdsl tk`td`c dsdm sufhkr odyd tkrskhut.

 @krdid tkrolrl odrl oud slsl, ydltu slsl elrl yd`c olskhut Detlvd od` slsl ed`d` yd`c olskhut
ok`cd` ^dslvd dtdu Ekwdjlhd`. Ylsl ^dslvd tkrolrl odrl utd`c od` keultds.

Detlvd (dsskt) dodmdb ekedydd` yd`c olflmlel sudtu egpkrdsl

[td`c dodmdb ekwdjlhd` egpkrdsl u`tue fkfhdydr skjufmdb ud`c/hdrd`c/jdsd ekpdod plbde mdl`
ol fdsd fk`odtd`c delhdt trd`sdesl ol fdsd mdmu.

Yod`ced`, Keultds dodmdb huetl pk`ykrtdd` od` ekpkflmled` odrl d`ccgtd skhdcdl plbde yd`c
tkmdb fk`d`dfed` ud`c`yd odmdf egpkrdsl.

Dod hkhkrdpd lstlmdb odmdf deu`td`sl egpkrdsl ydltu:

  Eds dodmdb dmdt pkfhdydrd` yd`c olflmlel egpkrdsl od` sldp olcu`ded`, skpkrtl
ike eg`td` skrtd ud`c tu`dl (ud`c ekrtds od` ud`c mgcdf).
  ^lutd`c D`ccgtd dodmdb
D`ccgtd  dodmdb bde (tdclbd`) egpkrdsl ekpdod d`ccgtd egpkrdsl. _dclbd`
tkrskh
tkrskhut
ut tlfhu
tlfhumm edrk`d
edrk`d egpkrds
egpkrdsll fkfl`j
fkfl`jdfe
dfed`d` ud`c
ud`c ekpdod
ekpdod d`ccgt
d`ccgtd`yd
d`yd dtdu
dtdu
edrk`d egpkrdsl fk`judm hdrd`c ekpdod d`ccgtd`yd skidrd erkolt.
   ^krmk`cedpd` Ed`tgr dodmdb hdrd`c/hdbd`
hdrd`c/hdbd` pkmk`cedp
pkmk`cedp detlvltds
detlvltds egpkrdsl yd`c
 hldsd`yd hkrufur pk`oke
pk` oke (eurd`c odrl sdtu tdbu`) yd`c
y d`c bdhls
bd hls edrk`d pkfdedld`,
skpkrtl ekrtds, pumpk`, tl`td, od` skhdcdl`yd.
   ^krdmdtd` Ed`tgr   dodmdb dmdt ’ dmdt yd`c olflmlel egpkrdsl
egpkrdsl od` olcu`ded`
olcu`ded` odmdf
gpkrdsl jd`ced ^d`jd`c, skpkrtl: fkjd, eursl, igfputkr, od` skhdcdl`yd.
  [td`c [sdbd 
[sdbd  dodmdb pl`jdfd`
pl`jdfd` (ekwdjlhd`)
(ekwdjlhd`) yd`c olflmlel
olflmlel egpkrdsl ekpdod plbde 
mdl` yd`c tlfhum delhdt trd`sdesl pkfhkmld` erkolt yd`c olmdeued` egpkrdsl.

2
 

  [td`c Hd`e  dodmdb
  dodmdb ekwdjlhd` yd`c olflmlel egpkrdsl ekpdod plbde hd`e edrk`d
tkmdb fkfl`jdf ud`c ekpdod hd`e.
  Ylfpd`d` Yuedrkmd 
Yuedrkmd  dodmdb ekwdjlhd`
ekwdjlhd` yd`c olflmlel
olflmlel egpkrdsl
egpkrdsl ekpdod d`ccgtd`yd
edrk`d d`ccgtd tkmdb fk`ylfpd` (fk`dhu`c) ud`c`yd ol egpkrdsl.
  Ylfpd`d` ^gege   dodmdb
dodmdb jufmdb `lmdl ud`c tkrtk`tu yd`c sdfd hd`yde`yd yd`c
bdrus olsktgred` sktldp d`ccgtd pdod wdetu fdsue fk`jdol d`ccgtd egpkrdsl.
 
Ylfpd`d` Sdjlh 
Sdjlh  dodmdb jufmdb slfpd`d` tkrtk`tu yd`c bdrus olhdydred` gmkb
d`ccgtd odmdf wdetu od` ekskfpdtd` tkrtk`tu, flsdm`yd skhumd` skedml.

FDEDMDB
D@DMLYLY _XD@YDEYL ODMDF EG^KXDYL

  @DFD EKMGF^GE ?:
4. Cdhr
Cdhrlkmd
lkmd Y.D. Fuod (4<4>>
(4<4>>8>>1<)
8>>1<)
8. @dhlmd
@dhlmd Ydmsdhl
Ydmsdhlmd
md Xlowd`
Xlowd` (4<4>>8>
(4<4>>8>>2>)
>2>)
9. Fdrl
Fdrldd Fkmmd`y
Fkmmd`y Y.
Y. @odpd
@odpd (4<
(4<4>>8>>
4>>8>>11)
11)
?. Fg`le
Fg`ledd D. D. Hdltd
Hdltd`u
`u (4<
(4<4>>8>
4>>8>>13)
>13)

<
 

;. Xghkr
Xghkrtus
tus H. Gmd Mgmy
Mgmy Hdsmg`
Hdsmg` (4<4>>8>>
(4<4>>8>><1)
<1)
1. @gvk`ld
@gvk`ld X. Hk`u
Hk`u (4<4>>8>>1>)
(4<4>>8>>1>)
3. Fdtk
Fdtkus
us B.
B. [m
[mmy
my Mg
Mgpd
pd (4<4>>8
(4<4>>8>4>4)
>4>4)

ED_D ^K@CD@_DX 

  ^ujl syueur edfl pk`jdted` ekbdolrdt Dmmdb YS_, yd`c dtds rdbfdt-@yd skbl`ccd edfl odpdt
”  ‖ 
fk`ykmksdled` pk`yusu`d` fdedmdb yd`c hkrjuoum D`dmlsls _rd`sdesl Odmdf Egpkrdsl .
  Odmdf ^k`umlsd` fdedmdb l`l edfl fkrdsd fdslb hd`yde ekeurd`cd` hdle pdod tke`ls
 pk`umlsd` fdupu` fdtkrl, fk`cl`cdt ded` ekfdfpud` yd`c edfl flmlel. [`tue ltu, erltle od`
sdrd` odrl skfud plbde sd`cdt edfl bdrdped` okfl pk`ykfpur`dd` pkfhudtd` fdedmdb l`l.

  Odmdf pk`umlsd` fdedmdb l`l pk`umls fk`ydfpdled` uidpd` tkrlfd edslb yd`c skhksdr-
 hksdr`yd ekpdod plbde-plbde yd`c fkfhd`tu odmdf fk`ykmksdled` fdedmdb l`l, ebusus`yd
ekpdod Ogsk` edfl yd`c tkmdb fkfhkrled` tucds od` pktu`jue ekpdod edfl, skbl`ccd edfl
odpdt fk`ykmksdled` tucds l`l.

Eupd`c, 41 Akhrudrl 8>8>

Ekmgfpge ?

4>