SKRIPSI
Oleh:
Tim Penyusun
Pedoman penulisan skripsi ini merupakan pedoman resmi yang berlaku dalam penulisan
skripsi bagi mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Dian Nuswantoro Semarang.
Sistematika penulisan buku pedoman ini meliputi uraian sekilas tentang skripsi dan
berbagai hal yang terkait dengannya; petunjuk penulisan skripsi dan contoh-contoh yang terkait
yang disajikan dalam lampiran.
Tim penyusun berharap semoga buku pedoman ini dapat bermanfaat bagi mahasiswa
dalam penyusunan skripsi. Akan tetapi, tidak mustahil dalam buku pedoman ini masih terdapat
kekurangan. Oleh karena itu, saran atau komentar selalu akan diterima demi perbaikan buku
pedoman ini.
Tim Penyususn
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DAFTAR ISI
KATA PENGANTAR..................................................................................................................................1
DAFTAR ISI.....................................................................................................................................2
BAB 1. PENDAHULUAN..................................................................................................................3
1.1 Pengertian..........................................................................................................................................3
3.1 Kertas...............................................................................................................................................10
3.2 Pengetikan.......................................................................................................................................10
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BAB 1. PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Pengertian
Skripsi adalah adalah suatu naskah ilmiah yang disusun atas dasar penelitian yang
dilakukan oleh mahasiswa dan dibimbing oleh tenaga edukatif dalam rangka menyelesaikan
studi. Skripsi merupakan kegiatan terstruktur yang dimaksudkan untuk memberikan
kesempatan kepada mahasiswa menerapkan ilmu yang telah diperoleh ketika kuliah.
Isi Skripsi menunjukkan:
a. Kesesuaian dengan disiplin ilmu yang ditekuni.
b. Orisinalitas, baik dalam segi tema, metode, serta analisis.
c. Kapasitas yang tinggi dalam mengemukakan argumentasi dan menata hasil penelitian.
d. Kompetensi dalam menganalisis data dan menerapkan konsep-konsep teoretis dengan
tepat.
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BAB 2. PENULISAN SKRIPSI
Skripsi bagi mahasiswa sastra Inggris ditulis dalam bahasa Inggris dan mahasiswa sastra
Jepang ditulis dalam bahasa Indonesia. Secara umum skripsi terdiri atas tiga bagian, yaitu bagian
awal, bagian isi, dan bagian akhir yang isinya sebagai berikut.
Penjelasan:
1. Sampul Depan (Cover)
a. Sampul skripsi berwarna merah darah dengan tulisan hitam cetak timbul. Pada sampul
tercetak logo Udinus, judul skripsi, nama lengkap penulis, NIM, nama lembaga dan tahun
akademik penyelesaian skripsi. Spasi setiap baris adalah 1 (satu).
b. Jenis huruf (font) yang digunakan pada sampul adalah Calibri dengan huruf kapital, yang
diletakkan di tengah, dengan ketentuan ukuran sebagai berikut.
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Nomor halaman tidak ada.
Contoh format penulisan sampul depan (cover) dapat dilihat pada Lampiran 1.
c. Punggung buku (Bookbone) dituliskan nama penulis, judul, NIM, logo Udinus, dan tahun
akademik penyelesaian. Ukuran huruf pada punggung buku menyesuaikan ketebalan
skripsi, menggunakan huruf kapital dan warna tulisan hitam. Posisi logo Udinus sama
dengan posisi pada sampul depan (cover).
Contoh format penulisan pada punggung buku dapat dilihat pada Lampiran 2.
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9. Halaman Daftar isi (Table of Contents)
Daftar isi memuat semua bagian tulisan beserta nomor halaman masing-masing. Jarak antar
baris 1 spasi.
Contoh halaman daftar isi dapat dilihat pada Lampiran 10.
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Bab 3 METODE PENELITIAN (CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHOD),
Bab 4 PEMBAHASAN (CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION), dan
Bab 5 SIMPULAN DAN SARAN (CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION).
Penjelasan:
Bab 1. Pendahuluan (Introduction)
Bagian ini adalah bab pertama skripsi yang memuat uraian subbab (1) Latar
Belakang Masalah (Background of the Study), (2) Rumusan Masalah (Statement of the
Problem), (3) Tujuan Penelitian (Objective of the Study), (4) Ruang Lingkup Masalah (Scope
of the Study), (5) Manfaat Penelitian (Significance of the Study), dan (6) Sistematika
Penulisan (Thesis Organization).
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Bab 2. Tinjauan Pustaka (Review of Related Literature)
Bagian ini adalah bab kedua skripsi yang memuat uraian sub bab (1) Kajian Pustaka/
Penelitian Sebelumnya (Previous Research) dan (2) Kajian Teori (Theoretical Review).
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5.1. Simpulan (Conclusion)
Simpulan hendaknya sesuai dengan perumusan masalah, tujuan, dan uraian tentang
hasil penelitian. Dengan demikian, masalah yang dikemukakan di bagian pendahuluan
semuanya terjawab dan dengan jawaban itu semua tujuan telah tercapai. Simpulan
dituliskan dalam bentuk paragraf dan bukan berupa poin-poin.
5.2. Saran (Suggestion)
Saran harus sejalan dan didasarkan pada simpulan. Saran disertai dengan
argumentasinya. Kalau mungkin juga disertai jalan keluarnya. Saran merupakan
rekomendasi yang dapat bersifat praktis atau teoretis tentang tindak lanjut penelitian.
Subbab saran boleh ditiadakan jika memang tidak diperlukan dan apabila subbab saran tidak
ada, maka di bab Simpulan tidak perlu dituliskan subbab.
Lampiran (Appendices)
Lampiran dapat berupa tabel, gambar dan sebagainya yang merupakan pendukung
kegiatan penulisan skripsi. Nomor halaman lampiran adalah kelanjutan dari nomor halaman
bagian isi skripsi.
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BAB 3. PETUNJUK TEKNIS LAINNYA
3.1 Kertas
Spesifikasi kertas yang digunakan:
- Jenis : HVS
- Warna : Putih
- Berat : 80 gr
- Ukuran : A4 (21,5 cm x 29,7 cm)
3.2 Pengetikan
a) Pencetakan dilakukan pada satu sisi kertas (single side)
b) Margin kiri 4 cm, atas 3 cm, kanan 3 cm, bawah 3 cm.
c) Penulisan rata kiri-kanan (justified)
d) Jenis huruf Calibri 12 poin dan MS Mincho 11 poin untuk huruf Jepang, dengan warna
hitam pekat.
e) Spasi yang digunakan secara umum 1.5 dan untuk contoh atau kutipan yang lebih dari
dua baris 1 spasi.
f) Penomoran halaman di bagian awal skripsi diletakkan di bawah-tengah 2,5 cm dari tepi
bawah kertas, dengan menggunakan Angka Romawi Kecil ukuran 9 poin. (Cover tanpa
halaman dan halaman judul penomorannya tidak dimunculkan tetapi tetap
diperhitungkan).
g) Penomoran halaman bagian isi dan akhir skripsi dengan Angka Arab ukuran 9 poin
diletakkan di tepi kanan atas, 1,5 cm dari tepi atas dan 3 cm dari tepi kanan. Khusus
untuk halaman pertama setiap bab diletakkan di tengah 2,5 cm dari tepi bawah.
h) Penggunaan perincian yang bukan merupakan subordinat dari judul boleh menggunakan
tanda minus (-) atau bulat (∙) asalkan tidak dirujuk di bagian lain. Apabila perincian
tersebut akan dirujuk di bagian lain maka harus menggunakan huruf untuk menghindari
kerancuan dengan penggunaan angka untuk bab dan subbab. Contoh penggunaan: a., a),
atau (a). Penggunaan tanda-tanda untuk perincian harus konsisten dari awal sampai
akhir.
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Dalam setiap bab dapat terdiri dari subbab-subbab, yang tingkatannya maksimal sampai
dengan subbab ketiga. Contohnya adalah sebagai berikut.
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ditempatkan secara memanjang di halaman tersendiri; ditempatkan pada kertas
lebar kemudian dilipat agar tidak melebihi format kertas; diperkecil ukurannya
sesuai format tugas akhir, tetapi ukuran huruf yang tercantum di dalamnya tidak
boleh lebih kecil dari 10 poin (ukuran sebenarnya).
Kutipan lebih dari empat baris ditulis tanpa tanda kutip pada baris baru, terpisah dari teks
yang mendahului, dimulai dari karakter keenam dari pias kiri, dan diketik dengan spasi tunggal.
Jika dalam kutipan terdapat paragraf baru, garis barunya dimulai dengan mengosongkan lima
karakter lagi dari tepi garis teks.
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Contoh
Interaction as language activity is described by Eggins and Slade ( 1997:6 ) as follows :
As socialized individuals, we spend much of our lives talking, or interacting, with other
people. Interacting is not just a mechanical process of taking turns at producing sounds and
words. Interacting is a semantic activity, a process of making meaning. As we take turns in
any interaction we negotiate meanings about what we think is going on in the world, how
we feel about it, and how we feel about the people we interact with.
Atau
Language as a means of communication can be used not only for the trarimission. of informative
messages but also for establishing and maintaining social relationships with others are very
needed. Every dat people express this social function of language when they interact with
another (Ventola, 1979:267)
Apabila dalam sebuah buku ada pendapat orang lain, maka nama orang yang pendapat tersebut
dicantumkan kemudian ditulis kata 'dalam' diikuti nama penulis buku tersebut diikuti dengan
tahun penerbitan dan nomor halaman
Contoh
Denny Griswold dalam Djaja (1985:11) mengatakan bahwa:
Public Relation is the management function which evaluates public attitudes, identifies the
policies and procedures of an individual or an organization with the public interest, and plans
and executes a program of action to eam public understanding and acceptance.
Atau
Apabila dalam kutipan langsung ada kata-kata yang dibuang, kata-kata yang dibuang diganti
dengan tiga titik. Jika yang dibuang itu kalimat, diganti dengan empat titik. Titik terakhir
merupakan tanda selesainya kalimat.
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Cara merujuk pendapat yang dikemukakan dengan bahasa sendiri ditulis tanpa tanda kutip atau
terpadu dalam teks, dengan menggunakan spasi 1,5. Nama pengarang bahan pustaka dapat
disebut terpadu dalam teks, atau. disebut dalam kurung bersama tahun penerbitannya. Jika yang
ditunjuk bagian tertentu, nomor halaman disebutkan. Jika buku yang dirujuk terlalu banyak atau
meloncat-loncat, nomor halaman boleh tidak dicantumkan.
Contoh
Pramuwisata dapat bertugas sebagai reception agent, yaitu sebagai orang yang ditugaskan untuk
menemui dan menemani seseorang atau rombongan wisatawan yang datang (arrival) atau yang
berangkat (departure) di lapangan udara atau di pelabuhan atau dapat pula dalam pedalanan
wisata (tours). Sesuai dengan tugas-tugas tersebut, seorang pramuwisata harus melakukan
tugasnya yang pertama sebagai karyawan pada biro perjalanan yang bersangkutan (Yoeti, 1991:
37).
Contoh
Behavior is affected by situation. As Wallace (1972) postulated in Individual and
Group Behavior, a person who acts a certain way independently may act in an entirely
different manner while the member of a group (Barkin, 1992, p. 478).
Contoh:
Eisenstein,M. dan J.W. Bodman. (1986) “’I very appreciate’: Expressions of Gratitude by
Native and Non-native Speakers of American English” dalam Applied Linguistic.
__________. (1995) “.Expressing Gratitude in American English” dalam G. Kasper & S. Blum-
Kulka (Eds.), Interlanguage Pragmatics. New York: Oxford University Press.
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3.7.1 Daftar Pustaka berupa buku.
b. jika buku ditulis oleh dua orang atau tiga orang, maka semua nama ditulis:
Dunkin, M.J. dan B.J. Biddle. (1974). The Srtudy of Teaching. New York: Holt Rinehart and
Wiston
c. jika buku ditulis oleh lebih dari tiga orang cukup ditulis nama pengarang pertama
saja dengan tambahan’et al’.
Ghiseli, E. et al. (1981). Mearusement Theory for The Behavioral Science. San Francisco:
W.H. Freeman and Co.
e. jika sumber itu merupakan karya tulis seseorang dalam suatu kumpulan tulisan
banyak orang:
Pujianto. (1984). “Etika Sosial dalam Sistem Nilai Budaya Bangsa Indonesia”, dalam YP2LPM.
1984, Dialog Manusia, Falsapah, Budaya, dan Pembangunan. Malang: YP2LPM.
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3.7.2 Daftar Pustaka lainnya:
PUSTAKA SERIAL
a) Artikel Jurnal
Clark, L.A., Kochanska, G., & Ready, R. (2000). “Mothers’ Personality and Its Interaction with
Child Temperament as Predictors of Parenting Behavior”. Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 79, 274-285.
b) Artikel Majalah
Greenberg, G. (2001, August 13). As good as dead: Is there really such a thing as brain
death? New Yorker, 36-41.
WAWANCARA
a) White, Donna. (1992, December 25). Personal interview.
b) Kaset Video/VCD
National Geographic Society (Producer). (1987). In the shadow of Vesuvius. [Videotape].
Washington, DC: National Geographic Society.
c) Kaset Audio
McFerrin, Bobby (Vocalist). (1990). Medicine music [Audio Recording]. Hollywood, CA: EMI-
USA.
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d) Perangkat lunak komputer
Arend, Dominic N. (1993). Choices (Version 4.0) [Computer software]. Champaign, IL: U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers Research Laboratory. (CERL Report No.CH7-22510)
PUBLIKASI ELEKTRONIK
a) Karya lengkap
McNeese, M.N. (2001). Using technology in educational settings. October 13, 2001.
University of Southern Mississippi, Educational Leadership and Research.
http://www.dept.usm.edu/~eda. [diakses pada 15 Oktober 2002].
d) Dokumen lembaga
NAACP (1999, February 25). NAACP calls for Presidential order to halt police brutality crisis.
http://www.naacp.org/president/releases/police_ brutality.htm [diakses pada 15
Oktober 2002].
g) Email
Wilson, R.W. (1999, March 24). Pennsylvania Reporting Data. Child Maltreatment
Research. March 30, 1999. CHILD-MALTREATMENT-R-L@cornell.edu
h) CD-ROM
Ziegler, H. (1992). Aldehyde. The Software Toolworks Multimedia Encyclopedia (CD- ROM
version 1.5). Boston: Grolier. Januari 19, 1999. Software Toolworks.
Nickell, Stephen J. (August 1996). Competition and Corporate Performance. The Journal of
Political Economy, 104(4), 724-747. December 15, 2003. Proquest Database (CD-
ROM).
Untuk membantu memastikan ketepatan penulisan kutipan, rujukan, atau daftar pustaka
dapat menggunakan mesin generator pustaka, seperti situs Citefast.com, dan lain-lain.
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3.8 Pengumpulan Skripsi
Mahasiswa harus mengumpulkan softcopy skripsi paling lambat 1 bulan setelah dinyatakan
lulus. Softcopy dengan format pdf disimpan dalam CD ukuran standar ukuran 12 cm. CD disimpan
dalam kotak CD transparan, keping CD dan kotaknya diberi label dengan format dapat dilihat di
lampiran 17 dan 18. Untuk hardcopy mahasiswa harus menjilid minimal 1 (satu) jilid untuk disimpan
sendiri, atau jika diminta khusus akan diminta tersendiri oleh Panitia Ujian Skripsi atau dosen
pembimbing.
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Lampiran 1 Contoh Halaman Sampul (Cover)
THESIS
by
FANDY PRASETYA KUSUMA
C11.2000.00045
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Lampiran 2 Contoh Penulisan Punggung Buku
C12.2004.0001
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Lampiran 3 Contoh Halaman Judul (Page of Title)
THESIS
by
FANDY PRASETYA KUSUMA
C11.2000.00045
STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY
I certify that this thesis is absolutely my own work. I am completely responsible for the
content of this thesis. Opinions or findings of others are quoted and cited with respect to
ethical standard. If at a later time it is found that this thesis is a product of plagiarism, i am
willing to accept any legal consequences that maybe impose to me.
Saya menyatakan dengan sebenarnya bahwa Skripsi ini merupakan hasil karya saya sendiri
dan disusun tanpa tindakan plagiarisme sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku di Universitas
Dian Nuswantoro.
Jika di kemudian hari ternyata pernyataan ini tidak benar, saya akan bertanggungjawab
sepenuhnya dan menerima sanksi yang dijatuhkan oleh Universitas Dian Nuswantoro
kepada saya.
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Lampiran 5 Contoh Halaman Pernyataan Persetujuan Publikasi (Statement of Publication)
STATEMENT OF PUBLICATION
ACADEMIC FINAL PROJECT NECESSITY
Name : …………………………...............................................................................
Student ID Number : ……………………………............................................................................
Study Program : ..........................................................................................................
Faculty : ..........................................................................................................
……………………….......................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
Along with its related devices (if needed).Using this Non-exclisive Royalty-Free Right, Dian
NUswantoro University reserves the right to save, divert media or format transcribed,
manage into database, treat, and publish his final project as long as linking to his name as
the writer/ creator and the copyright owner.
Sincerely
( …………………………………. )
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HALAMAN PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI
TUGAS AKHIR UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS
Sebagai sivitas akademik Universitas Dian Nuswantoro, saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah
ini:
Nama : ………………………….................................................................................
NIM : ……………………………..............................................................................
Program Studi : ............................................................................................................
Fakultas : ............................................................................................................
Beserta perangkat yang ada (jika diperlukan). Dengan Hak Bebas Royalti Noneksklusif ini
Universitas Dian Nuswantoro berhak menyimpan, mengalihmedia/formatkan, mengelola
dalam bentuk pangkalan data (database), merawat, dan memublikasikan tugas akhir saya
selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis/pencipta dan sebagai pemilik Hak
Cipta.
Dibuat di : …………………….
Pada tanggal : …………………….
Yang menyatakan
( …………………………………. )
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Lampiran 6 Contoh Halaman Pengesahan (Page of Approval)
PAGE OF APPROVAL
This thesis has been approved by Board of Examiners, English Study Program, Faculty of
Humanities, Dian Nuswantoro University on July 6, 2011.
Board of Examiners
Chairperson Secretary
Adviser Examiner
Approved by:
Dean of Faculty of Humanities
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HALAMAN PENGESAHAN
Judul Skripsi : Analisis Pragmatik Tindak Tutur Terima Kasih Bahasa Jepang pada
Skenario Drama Televisi Beautiful Life Karya Kitagawa Eriko
NIM. : C12.2004.0001
Telah Diujikan Di Hadapan Tim Penguji Skripsi Program Studi Sastra Jepang
Pembimbing Penguji
Disahkan oleh
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Lampiran 7 Contoh Halaman Motto
MOTTO
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Lampiran 8 Contoh Halaman Persembahan (Dedication)
DEDICATION
For :
- My beloved parents
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Lampiran 9 Contoh Kata Pengantar (Acknowledgment)
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
At this happiest moment, I wish a prayer to the Almighty who has blessed me during the
writing of this thesis. I would like, furthermore, to express my sincere thanks to:
1. Achmad Basari, S.S., M. Pd., The Dean of Faculty of Humanities of Dian Nuswantoro
University, who gave permission to me to conduct this study.
2. Sarif Syamsu Rizal, S.S., M.Hum., The Head of English Study Program of Strata 1
Program, Faculty of Humanities, Dian Nuswantoro University, who gave permission to
me to conduct this research.
3. Muhammad Rifqi, S.S., M. Pd., my adviser, for his continuous and valuable guidance,
advice and encouragement in completing this thesis.
4. All lecturers at the English Study Program of Faculty of Humanities of Dian Nuswantoro
University, who have taught, motivated, and given guidance during the writing of this
thesis.
5. The librarians of The Central Library of Dian Nuswantoro University for their permission
for me to use some valuable references in writing this thesis.
6. The last but not the least, my family who have supported me for my research.
Finally, I do realize that due to my limpited ability this thesis must have shortcoming. For
this I welcome any suggestions and criticisms.
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Lampiran 10 Contoh Daftar Isi (Table of Contents)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................... 75
APPENDICES ................................................................................................................... 84
DAFTAR SINGKATAN
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A action (tindakan) hal.25
FTA face threatening act (tindak yang dapat mengancam muka) hal.23
IFID illocutionary force indicating device (piranti penanda daya ilokusi) hal.25
TBS Toukyou Broadcasting System (nama salah satu stasiun televisi) hal.10
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Lampiran 12 Contoh Daftar Gambar (List of Figures)
LIST OF FIGURES
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Lampiran 13 Contoh Daftar Tabel (List of Tables)
LIST OF TABLES
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Lampiran 14 Contoh Daftar Lampiran (List of Appendices)
LIST OF APPENDICES
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Lampiran 15 Contoh Pedoman Transliterasi (Index of Transliteration)
PEDOMAN TRANSLITERASI
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2. Penulisan khusus kata bantu adalah sebagai berikut.
は wa
へ e
を wo
ティ ti トゥ tu ディ di デゥ du
ファ fa フィ fi フェ fe フォ fo
ヴィ wi ウェ we ウォ wo
修二 Shuuji
きれい kirei
親しい shitashii
今晩 konban
すいません suimasen
7. Penulisan kata asing menggunakan cetak miring, kecuali nama orang dan kutipan yang
dikutip sesuai aslinya.
Contoh sumimasen
intimate
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Lampiran 16 Contoh Abstrak (Abstract)
ABSTRACT
Dwi Andi Utomo. 2013. Loss and Gain in a Comic “Asterix in Belgium” by Goscinny and
Uderzo Translated into “Asterix di Belgia ” by A. Rahartati Bambang Haryo. English Study
Program, Dian Nuswantoro University. Adviser: Rahmanti Asmarani.
Key words: loss and gain, asterix in Belgium, word, phrase, clause and sentence
The thesis is entitled Loss and Gain in comic the “ Asterix In Belgium ” by Goscinny
and Uderzo translated into “ Asterix Di Belgia ” by A. Rahartati Bambang Haryo. This
analysis is conducted to find out the loss and gain of word, phrase, clause, and sentence used
and also to identify the functions of loss and gain in comic “ Asterix In Belgium ” by
Goscinny and Uderzo translated into “ Asterix Di Belgia ” by A.Rahartati Bambang Haryo.
Descriptive qualitative method was used in collecting the data. The data collected were
analyzed by reading both versions of the comic. In qualitative research the data are not
number or chard but in the form of word. So, in doing the works, a translator cannot always
present all the meanings contained in the source text comprehensively. The translator
sometimes reduces the existing meaning, or adds a new meaning in the target text, which then
results in the phenomenon of “gain’’ and “loss” of translation. The result of this research
shows that there are 200 of loss and gain processes found in this comic divided into: “ Asterix
In Belgium ” by Goscinny and Uderzo translated into “ Asterix Di Belgia ” by A.Rahartati
Bambang Haryo. The number of loss process is 101 patterns and the number of gain process
is 99 patterns, so there are 200 patterns of loss and gain process found in the comic. The
translator did a loss process from a translated comic in order to make the TL acceptable.
However, the translator assumes that by shortening the TL, It is hoped that the TL will be
easy to be read and understood by the readers well. Unlike a loss process, the translator did
the gain process in order to deliver the whole messages of the SL in the TL perfectly.
Therefore, the readers will get the information of the SL accurately in the TL.
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ABSTRAK
Rindang Nurtantio Swasono. 2013. Metafora dalam Idiom Bahasa Jepang yang
Mengandung Unsur 花 dan 猫. Program Studi Sastra Jepang, Universitas Dian Nuswantoro.
Semarang. Pembimbing: Akhmad Saifudin.
Penelitian ini membahas makna metafora yang terdapat dalam idiom bahasa Jepang.
Dengan paradigma penelitian kualitatif dan menggunakan analisis metafora dari Knowless
dan Moon (2006), penelitian ini mengkaji sepuluh data idiom dari sumber data berjudul 101
Japanese Idiom. Data yang dikaji adalah idiom yang mengandung unsur bunga dan kucing.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan kaitan makna antara makna literal dan
makna metafora dan kemudian mendeskripsikan perspektif budaya orang Jepang terhadap
bunga dan kucing. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa untuk kaitan makna antara
makna literal dan makna metafora berhubungan dangan perspektif orang Jepang.
Pandangan orang Jepang terhadap bunga adalah bunga dianggap sebagai simbol
kesempurnaan, keindahan, dan kebaikan, dan pandangan mereka terhadap kucing
berhubungan dengan kedekatan mereka dengan kucing sehingga kucing menjadi salah satu
binatang yang dapat merepresentasikan sifat-sifat manusia.
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要約
日本語の慣用句における花と猫の隠喩
氏名 :リンダン・ヌルタンティオ・ 学生番号:
スワソノ C12.2006.00068
卒業論文データ
本文 :40ページ
参考文献 :1ぺーじ
研究資料 :『101 Japanese Idiom』
スマラン。ディアン・ヌスワントロ大学、日本語日本文学科
キーワード: 慣用句、隠喩、意味、花、猫
本論文は日本語の慣用句における隠喩の意味を分析したものである。本研究は、量
的研究の手法で、Knowless & Moon (2006)による隠喩分析方法を用いて行われた。
データとしては、Maynard 著『101 Japanese Idiom』を利用し、10 個の慣用句を分
析した。それは、特に花と猫を内包した慣用句である。研究目的は字義的意味と隠
喩的意味の関係を、日本文化を視点にし記述したものである。分析した結果、字義
的意味と隠喩的意味の関係は日本文化と非常に深い関係を持っていることがわかっ
た。日本人にとって、花は完璧さ。美しさ。良さ。を表し、猫は人間と親密な動物
であるため、人の性格を表すことができる動物のひとつである。
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Lampiran 17 Label pada Permukaan Keping Compact Disk (CD)
ANALISIS PRAGMATIK
TINDAK TUTUR TERIMA KASIH
BAHASA JEPANG PADA SKENARIO
DRAMA TELEVISI BEAUTIFUL LIFE
KARYA KITAGAWA ERIKO
Dasar putih
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Lampiran 18 Label pada Kotak Penyimpanan CD
SKRIPSI
Oleh
Bayu Setiya Budi
C12.2004.0001
41
Lampiran 19 Naskah Jurnal
ABSTRACT
This study aims to find the translation techniques used by the translator in translating sentences of the bilingual
destination map. The researchers used descriptive qualitative method to describe the translation techniques
applied in the bilingual destination map “Peta Wisata Jawa Tengah” which is translated into “Central Java
Tourist Map”. This study starts by finding the problem, collecting data, classifying data, analyzing data, and
drawing the conclusion. The mostly used in translation techniques is literal translation technique to make the
translation work clear for the tourists domestic even international. This technique is used when the target
language (TL) is applied through the sentence without observing the differences of context or meaning in the
source language (SL), whereas the discursive creation and description are rarely used.
INTRODUCTION
One thing which cannot be separated in our life is a language. Language is not only to unite word
together but also it has meaning. Language has its own rules, it is symbolized with an alphabet. A language is
used as a bridge of giving and taking information from one person to another through conversation or any
medias.
In this global era, English has a prominent role as an international language around the world. Every
person should learn English by the teacher at school, the books which provides a knowledge of English use,
even the media also capable to person to learn English well. In Indonesia itself is advisable to learn English to
pursue Indonesia’s ideals. One of Indonesia’s ideals is to establish the tourism industry because it becomes one
of the top contribution to the development of Indonesia’s economy. The natural, historical, and cultural heritage
are potential to be promoted as a tourism destination in Indonesia. Since of this ideal, English is very useful to
attract tourists to visit in this country.
Indonesia has many culture that could attract visitors from every country to see its beauty. There are
many kinds of culture from its territory such as a Javanese weapon is keris, a Balinese dance is kecak dance, a
significant food from Jogja is gudeg. To offer those cultures, translation is needed. “Translating as an activity
and translation as the result of this activity are inseparable from the concept of culture” (Torop, 2002:593). From
this definition, culture operates largely through translational activity because culture is an essential criteria.
When a new word of a text from source language (SL) is translated into the target language (TL) and it consists
of a culture, the culture can maintain the specificity in the target language (TL) as well as in the source language
(SL) otherwise, translation is an important thing to do to make people would have the same information in
source language (SL) and target language (TL).
There are some definitions of translation by the experts, “Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt
to replace a written message and or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement of another
language” (Newmark, 1981:7).
From the definition above, the researcher can conclude that translation is a process to render, replace,
or paraphrase from the source language (SL) to target language (TL) with the same concept of idea without
decreasing even overlapping the main content of the source language. Making a good translation which might be
easy to read without making the readers to be confused is a hard work. Translating activity has its own
technique and it cannot be done frivorously. When the researchers searched in the internet there are various
experts and ways to distinguish whether methods, strategies, and techniques is used. They have all different
concept and its own rules. Translation method is used to analyze terms by point of view of the translator, so the
researcher has to find out the reason why the translator uses those methods through interviewing the translator.
The same concept of the translation method is translation strategies which the researcher has to find out the
reason of translator’s choices in translating a translated work. The last is translation technique which concerns to
the result produce by a translator.
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The researchers use a bilingual destination map “Peta Wisata Jawa Tengah” translated into “Central
Java Tourist Map” as the data. This destination map is published by Jawa Tengah (Central Java) Provincial
Culture and Tourism Office in 2013. Two languages are involved those are Indonesian as a source language
(SL) and English as the target language (TL). Torres (2003:57-70) states that, “the reasons for using these two
languages are that English is one of the top 10 languages used worldwide, and Indonesian language is the
national language of where this research conducted”.
The researchers are interested in translation particularly in translation techniques. As translation is an
important thing to do by a translator to achieve the equivalence of both informations in source language (SL)
and target language (TL), therefore translation technique is needed. If the translator renders the source text to the
target text without rules in order that she or he might have different concept of idea and meaning as the writer
wants to deliver. In transferring the idea from source language (SL) to target language (TL) in the form of a
sentence there are many kinds of techniques that can be done. Dealing with this problem, the researchers
investigate the translation technique used in the bilingual destination map “Peta Wisata Jawa Tengah” translated
into “Central Java Tourist Map” proposed by Molina and Albir (2002:509).
The reason of choosing “Peta Wisata Jawa Tengah” translated into “Central Java Tourist Map” to
analyze because when the researchers read the destination map, it seems that many sentences from source
language (SL) are slightly different with the target language (TL). However, it is very important to apply the
best translation techniques to avoid some misunderstanding and overlapping idea. This destination map aims to
advertise the beauty of Central Java for the tourists especially foreign tourists and it should be perfectly typed
and well translated. So the researchers believe that this destination or tourist map has an important information
for the readers.
All in all, from knowing that problem, the researchers analyze what translation techniques applied in
the bilingual destination map “Peta Wisata Jawa Tengah” translated into “Central Java Tourist Map” which used
by the translator. The translation technique is used to reveal that producing the closest equivalence effect from
the source language (SL) to the target language (TL) is very important in translating a destination map. Thus, we
would know how a word can means differently and avoids misunderstanding of the message. Besides, the
researchers hope this thesis helps the readers to know further about translation techniques.
METHOD
This study was a descriptive qualitative research because it is intended to describe the translation
techniques used in the bilingual destination map “Peta Wisata Jawa Tengah” translated into “Central Java
Tourist Map”. As Mandalis (1995:26) stated that, “Descriptive research is an effort to describe, analyze, and
interpret the factual condition”. The researcher describes the chosen data and analyzes it based on Molina and
Albir’s theory of the translation techniques.
The data has taken from the bilingual destination map “Peta Wisata Jawa Tengah” translated into
“Central Java Tourist Map”. It consists of the original and the English translation version. This bilingual
destination map contains 60 sentences in the source language (SL) and 65 sentences in the target language (TL)
in form of booklet. It is published by Jawa Tengah (Central Java) Provincial Culture and Tourism Office in
2013.
The unit of analysis of this research is the sentences in the source text and the one in the target text of
the bilingual destination map “Peta Wisata Jawa Tengah” translated into “Central Java Tourist Map”. This map
uses Indonesian as the source text and the English as the target text.
The data of this study was collected by finding the bilingual destination map “Peta Wisata Jawa
Tengah” translated into “Central Java Tourist Map” as the data and then focusing the equivalence of translation
in each sentences by consulting the dictionary. The last, jotting down the data which will be analyzed and
separated into source language text and target language text.
The researchers analyzed the data through some steps. First, reading several times both the Indonesian
as the source text and English as the target text to get the idea. Second, Identifying the technique used in every
sentences. Third, classifying the translation techniques applied based on Molina and Albir’s theory (2002:509)
and calculating the percentage of data in a table. Fourth, interpreting how the translation technique are applied in
each sentences. The last is drawing the conclusion.
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Translation Techniques Used in the Sentences of Bilingual Destination Map
“Peta Wisata Jawa Tengah” Translated into “Central Java Tourist Map”
Total 60 100%
Translation Techniques
From the findings, the researcher finds 6 Molina and Albir’s translation techniques used by the
translator. They are, amplification, description, discursive creation, literal translation, modulation, and
reduction. The discussion of each translation techniques is as follows:
A. Amplification
Amplification is to introduce details, those are not formulated in the source text such as information,
explicative paraphrasing.
Example:
In the source text above, the sentence is translated use an amplification techniques. This excerpt is
taken from the first sentence of point B12. This sentence describes where the Museum Kailasa is located.
The source language (SL) is for the Indonesian target readers. It only describes that the location of
Kailasa Museum is located across the Gatutkaca Temple and the target language (TL) which aims for the
Tourist target readers, it explaines that Museum Kailasa is located in Batur, which precisely across the
Gatutkaca Temple. It produces slightly different meaning because in the source language (SL) there is not a
specific place of the Kailasa Museum, Batur. The Indonesian target readers will be clearly understand if the
author also added Batur in the source language because of not many local people know the location of Kailasa
Museum itself. The aim the translator renders this sentence is to introduce details that are not formulated in the
source text such as information of the location of Kailasa Museum.
But, here we can see the source language (SL) Museum Kailasa is translated into This museum. It
means the translator suppress the information of the name of museum “Kailasa” in the source language (SL)
become a demonstrative pronouns “This” in the target language (TL). There is also an amplification technique
applied in this sentence. In the source language (SL) berlokasi diseberang renders into which precisely across in
the target language (TL). Which precisely across it should be yang berlokasi tepat diseberang because precisely
means tepat or persis in Indonesian.
B. Description
Description is to replace a term or expression with a description of its form or/ and function.
Example :
TL : Klewer market is old market that sells any kinds of fabric and
predominantly batik. Located in off the west gate of Keraton’s
North Square, Klewer is the busiest textile market in Java.
(G10, Sentence: 1,2)
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In the source text above there is a sentence that translated using description technique. This excerpt is
taken from the first sentence of point G10. There is only first sentence in the source language (SL) and in the
target language (TL) we can see that there are divided into two sentences.
In the first sentence of target language explain about what Pasar Klewer is and the second sentence
explains the location of Pasar Klewer itself. The author puts only Pasar Klewer as the Indonesian people
already know what type of market Pasar Klewer is in Solo.
The aim of the translator chooses to use description technique is to replace a term or expression with a
description of its form. The target readers will be strange if the translator does not explain about Pasar Klewer
because in Indonesia there are many types of specific market. Pasar Klewer is a place where we can find any
kinds of fabric which dominated with Batik in Solo. The location of Pasar Klewer is already written by the
author in the source language (SL) located in west gate of the North Keraton. The translator adds west gate of
Keraton’s north square because Keraton is located in the center and boundaries by gate, there are west, east,
north and south gates. The translator divided into two sentences to make the target readers clearly understand
and keep the naturalness of the translation itself.
C. Discursive Creation
Discursive creation is to establish a temporary equivalence that is totally unpredictable out of context.
Example :
SL : Terletak tak jauh dari pasar seni dan budaya Ngarsopuro, Pura
Mangkunegaran adalah kediaman Pangeran Mangkunegoro yang
dibangun sekitar abad 18 dengan arsitektur khas Jawa, Joglo.
(G2, Sentence: 1)
In the source text above, there is a sentence that translated using discursive creation technique. This
excerpt is taken from G2 sentence one.
The first line of the source language (SL) is talking about the location of Pura Mangkunegaran where
the location is near from Ngarsopuro art and culture market. It is make the translation work slightly different
with the author’s idea. The translator does not put the location of Pura Mangkunegaran but he/she changes with
As the palace of the junior line of the royal family. This sentence does not have any correlation with the first line
of the source language (SL) which the author wants to deliver his/her idea. The first sentence of the target
language (TL) Mangkunegaran is an unique with home designed beautiful Javanese architecture (Joglo) also
has a different connection with one of the source language (SL) Mangkunegaran adalah kediaman Pangeran
Mangkunegoro yang dibangun sekitar abad 18 dengan arsitektur khas Jawa, Joglo. It makes unpredictable out
of context because the source language (SL) tells us that the Mangkunegaran belongs to Mangkunegoro Prince
since 18th centuries, whereas in the target language (TL) describes Mangkunegaran is a unique home with
Javanese architecture that we known as Joglo. So, the purpose of using discursive creation is to establish a
temporary equivalence that is totally unpredictable out of context in the source text above.
D. Literal Translation
Literal translation is to translate a word or an expression word for word.
Example :
In the source text above, there is a sentence that is translated using literal translation technique. This
excerpt is taken from point B12 of the second sentence. Point B12 tells about Kailasa museum which is located
accross the Gatutkaca Temple in Dieng. Inside the museum there are many artifacts, flora and fauna, daily
indigenous belief, arts, etc.
The translator took the SL element information Museum Kailasa ini berisi artefak dan cerita tentang
geologi, flora-fauna, kehidupan sehari-hari kepercayaan, serta kesenian Dieng and translated it directly the
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same into This museum has artifacts and stories about geology, flora and fauna, daily activities of indigenous
belief and arts of Dieng. This is done by the translator without observing the differences of the linguistic
servitudes by the target language.
But, the translator also reduces the name of Museum “Museum Kailasa” in the source language (SL)
become a demonstrative pronoun “This Museum” in the target language (TL). Even though the translator does
not put “Kailasa Museum” in the first and second sentences of the target language (TL) the target readers still
recognize what the author’s idea from its sub-title and picture in the destination map booklet.
E. Modulation
Modulation is to change the point of view, focus or cognitive category in relation to the source text, it
can be lexical or structural.
Example:
In the source text above, there is a sentence translated using modulation technique. This sentence is
taken from the third sentence of point G4.
Point G4 is talking about Kampoeng Batik Kauman and Laweyan. Those places have been known for
Batik and Handicrafts. The design of batik in Kauman and Laweyan is adopted from the royal family. In this
context, the source language (SL) tells about Kampoeng Batik Kauman and Laweyan surrounding with unique
and interesting historical building. The target language (TL) has a different form with the source language (SL).
The translator translates the source language (SL) Kampoeng Batik Kauman dan Laweyan dikelilingi dengan
bangunan bersejarah yang unik dan menarik into Enjoy to shop and visit the batik production area, whereas at
both spot unique historical buildings completes the beautiful sight of this village. Indonesian prefers to use a
passive sentence whereas English often to use active sentence.
The reason why the translator chooses modulation technique is to change the point of view, focus or
cognitive category in relation to the source text, it can be lexical or structural. The example above doesn’t
influence the meaning because the translator wants to keep readability of the tourist map.
F. Reduction
Reduction is to suppress a source text information item in the target text. It is in opposition to
amplification.
Example :
In the source text above, there is a sentence that is translated using reduction technique. This sentence
is taken from the second sentence of point D2. The source language (SL) tells about that Karimun jawa consist
of 27 pristine islands and only 5 of them is inhabitant.
In the source language (SL) Kawasan Karimunjawa only translated into It to substitute the phrase
Kawasan Karimunjawa to avoid some reciprocal because this sentence is taken from second sentence and
Kawasan Karimunjawa or Karimunjawa Area has already mentioned in the first sentence.
The translator also does not explain in the target language (TL) from 27 islands only 5 is inhabitant to
reduce the excessive information which tourist does not have to know. If the translator renders it as in the source
language (SL) many tourists will come freely or even buy those islands. To prevent it from trading the islands,
the translator chooses to use reduction technique to suppress a source text information item in the target text.
CONCLUSION
From the analysis it can be concluded there are 60 sentences in thesource language (SL) and 65
sentences in the target language (TL) of the destination map “Peta Wisata Jawa Tengah” translated into “Central
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Java Tourist Map” that have been analyzed based on the translation techniques belongs to Molina and Albir’s
theory. The conclusion can be stated as follows:
There are 6 tecniques of translation used by the translator of the destination map “Peta Wisata Jawa
Tengah” translated into “Central Java Tourist Map”. There are 14 (23,33%) data using amplification; 3 (5,00%)
data using description; 1 (1,67%) data using discursive creation; 30 (50,00%) data using literal translation; 4
(6,67%) data using modulation; and 7 (11,67%) data using reduction. There is also 1 (1,67%) data untranslated.
The researcher found the mostly used in translation techniques is literal translation technique because
the researcher found 30 sentences (50,00%) to make the translation work clear for the tourists domestic even
international. This technique is applied to preserve the meaning of the words, by rearranging them so that they
fit the syntax of the target language (TL), whereas the description and discursive creation are rarely used.
The application of translation techniques of translation is dealing with the problem in understanding a
translation work. The translation techniques of translation will help the translator to choose the best way in
translating a destination map and keeping it naturally so that the target readers will understand more clearly
about the destination or tourist map.
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America: University Press of America,Inc.
Molina, L & Albir, H. 2002. Translation Techniques Revisited: A Dynamic and Functionalist Approach. Meta:
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Matters Ltd.
Nida, Eugene A. and C.R. Taber. 1982. The Theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
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Suryawinata, Zuchridin. 1989. Terjemahan: Pengantar teori dan praktek. Jakarta: Departemen pendidikan dan
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Torop, Peeter. 2002. Translation as Translating as Culture. Sign system studies 30 (2): 593-605.
Torres, C.C. 2003. Latinos in rural America. In: Brown, D.L. and Swanson, L.E. (eds.). Challenges for Rural
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57-70.
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1. Mengisi KRS 2. Memilih 4. Pembimbing
Skripsi Pembimbing 3. Proses Menyetujui Sidang 5. Daftar Ujian
Skripsi akan
Memverifikasi
8.a. LULUS
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