MENGELOLA

PASOKAN OBAT

Dra. Aziza Nuraini MM. Apt.

MENGAPA KHAWATIR TENTANG OBAT ?

1. Obat-obatan menyelamatkan nyawa

dan meningkatkan kesehatan
2. Obat-obatan mempromosikan kepercayaan
dan partisipasi dalam layanan kesehatan
3. Obat-obatan mahal
4. Obat-obatan berbeda produk konsumen lainnya
5. Perbaikan substantif dalam penyediaan dan
penggunaan obat-obatan, dimungkinkan
LIMBAH DALAM PENGELOLAAN OBAT DAN POTENSI
UNTUK PERBAIKAN
US$ 1,000,000 Harga mahal Melanjutka
n kerugian
Kualitas Jelek Harga mahal
Kerugian dari
Dari masalah
Pencurian yang tidak US$ 700,000
Urusan
berubah Peningkatan pembelian
Dengan Penyimpanan tidak tepat
Logistik Jaminan kualitas
obat Kadaluarsa obat
Sistem keamanan
Pengurang
Resep tak masuk akal Penyimpanan yang baik
an
Dalam Pengawasan hati2
Kurangnya kepatuhan
kerugian Resep yang ditingkatkan
Oleh pasien
Melalui
Peningkat Pendidikan ke publik
US$300,000 an
Pengelolaa
n

Alokasi Asli Manfaat Terapeutik Manfaat Terapeutik

US$ 1,000,000 Dengan masalah saat ini : Dengan Manajemen yang Lebih Baik :
US$ 300,000 US$ 700,000
 NATIONAL DRUG
POLICY – A TREE THAT
BEARS FRUIT
Siklus Manajemen Obat

Seleksi

Dukungan Manajemen:
- Organisasi
Penggunaan - Pendanaan Pengadaan
- Manajemen Informasi
- SDM

Penyaluran

Kebijakan dan Kerangka Hukum

MASALAH KESEHATAN UMUM MEMANDU SELEKSI,
PELATIHAN, PASOKAN, DAN PENGGUNAAN OBAT

Daftar Masalah Kesehatan Umum

Pilihan Obat Standar dan

Pengobatan Non obat

Daftar obat
Daftar Obat Pasokan Obat
Penting • Pengadaan
• Sumbangan
• Distribusi Pedoman
• Produksi Pengobatan
Rational Drug Use
• Training
Formulasi
• Supervision
• Monitoring
Informasi Obat

Ketersediaan Lebih Besar dan Penggunaan Obat Yang Lebih Rasional

SIKLUS PENGADAAN

MENENTUKAN KUANTITAS
TINJAU PEMILIHAN OBAT
DIPERLUKAN

KUMPULKAN INFORMASI REKONSILIASI KEBUTUHAN

KONSUMSI DANA

MEMILIH METODE
MENYALURKAN OBAT
PENGADAAN

CARI DAN PILIH

MELAKUKAN PEMBAYARAN
PEMASOK

MENERIMA &PERIKSA
OBAT-OBATAN SPESIFIKASI KETENTUAN

PENGAWASAN STATUS
PEMESANAN
COMPARISON OF QUANTIFICATION METHODS (1)

Methode Uses Essential Data Limitation

Consumption First choice for Reliable inventory Must have accurate
procurement forecasts, records consumption data
given reliable data Records of supplier Can perpetuate
Most reliable predictor of lead time irrational use
future consumption Projected drug costs
Morbidity Estimating need in new Data on population and Morbidity data not
programs or disaster patient attendances available for all
assistance Actual or prejected diseases
Comparing use with incidence of health Standard
theoritical needs problems treatments may not
Developing and justifying Standard treatments realy be used
budgets (ideal, actual)
Projected drug costs
COMPARISON OF QUANTIFICATION METHODS (2)

Methode Uses Essential Data Limitation

Adjusted Procurement Comparison area or Questionable
consumption forecasting when other system with good per comparability of
methods unreliable capita data on patient populations,
consumption, patient morbidity, and
attendance, service treatment practices
levels, and morbidity
Number of local health
facilities by category
Estimation of local user
population broken down
by age
Service-level Estimating budget Utilization by service Variable facility use,
projection of needs levels and facility type attendance patterns,
budget Average drug costs per supply system
requirments attendance efficiency
SUCCESFUL DRUG QUANTIFICATION REQUIRES A TEAM EFFORT
AND A MIX OF METHODS
MULTIPLE DEPARTMENT PHARMACY SYSTEM
Medical supplies coordinating unit

Issue and Receipt voucher (S 12)

Hospital bulk
Counter requisition and Drug store Counter requisition and
Issue voucher (S 11) Issue voucher (S 11)
Bin card (S 3)

Hospital Pharmacist

Outpatient Pharmacy
Inpatient Pharmacy
Drugs and Revenue Register
Hospital Pharmacy Bin Card
Counter requisition Hospital Pharmacy Bin Card
DDA Register for Pharmacy
and DDA Register for Pharmacy
Issue voucher (S 11)
Oral Antibiotics/
Sulfonamides Register

Flow of
Wards Operating room Special Service OPD Injection Drug
Areas (e.g., X-ray) Room
Flow of
DDA : Dangerous Drugs Act request
INPATIENT DRUG DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

1. BULK WARD STOCK REPLENISHMENT

2. INDIVIDUAL DRUG ORDER SYSTEM
3. UNIT-DOSE SYSTEM
OPTION FOR LAYOUT OF STORE AISLES
Very Frequent Access

Assembly Area Arrangement for

Frequent Access

Frequent Acces

Assembly Area Combined Arrangement

Frequent Access for Frequent and
Infrequent Access

Infrequent Access

Assembly Area Arrangement for

Infrequent Access

Infrequent Access Shelves

FACTORS INFLUENCING PRESCRIBING

PRESCRIBING
THE DISPENSING CYCLE

5. COUNSEL 1. RECEIVE
& &
SUPPLY CONFIRM

DISPENSING
4. RECORD CYCLE 2. INTERPRET
& &
ENDORSE VERIFY

3. PREPARE
& LABEL
THE MANAGEMENT CYCLE

PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION
• Situation analysis • Human recources
• Strategic planning, management
program planning, work • Financial management
planning • Information management

MONITORING & EVALUATION

• Monitoring of programs and
workplans
• Evaluation of organizational
effectiveness
LITERATURE

Management sciences for health & WHO,

Managing Drug Supply, 2nd ed, 1997,
Kumarian Press, USA