FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI

KEJADIAN
STUNTING : STUDI LITERATUR REVIEW

SKRIPSI

Oleh :
DONI MUHAMMAD SYAFI.I
NIM. 201910420312126

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KEPERAWATAN

FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH
MALANG 2021
 FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI
KEJADIAN
STUNTING : STUDI LITERATURE REVIEW

SKRIPSI

Untuk Memenuhi Sebagai Syarat Mencapai Derajat Sarjana

Keperawatan (S.Kep) Pada Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Fakultas
Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Oleh :
DONI MUHAMMAD SYAFI.I
NIM. 201910420312126

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KEPERAWATAN

FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH
MALANG 2020

i
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN

ii
 SURAT PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN PENELITIAN

Saya Yang Bertanda Tangan Dibawah Ini :

Nama : Doni Muhammad Syafi.i

Nim 201610420312126

Program Studi : Ilmu Keperawatan

Judul Skripsi : Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Stunting : Studi

Literature Review

Menyatakan dengan sebenarnya bahwa Tugas Akhir yang Saya tulis ini benar-

benar hasil karya saya sendiri, bukan merupakan pengambilan tulisan atau pikiran

orang lain yang saya akui sebagai tulisan atau pemikiran saya sendiri.

Apabila dikemudian hari dapat dibuktikan bahwa Tugas Akhir ini adalah hasil

jiplakan, maka saya menerima sanksi atas perbuatan tersebut.

Malang, 19 September
2020 Yang Membuat
Pernyataan

Doni Muhammad
Syafi.i NIM.
201910420312126
iii
 KATA PENGANTAR

Alhamdulillahirabbil alamin puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT berkat

rahmat serta hidayah Nya saya dapat menyelesaikan skripsi yang berjudul

“Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Stunting : Studi Literature

Review”. Skripsi ini merupakan tugas akhir dan salah satu syarat untuk

memperoleh gelar sarjana keperawatan (S.Kep) pada Program Studi Ilmu

Keperawatan di Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

Saya sebagai penulis banyak menerima bimbingan dan bantuan dari

berbagai pihak dalam menyusun proposal skripsi ini. Bersama dengan ini

perkenankanlah penulis mengucapkan terimakasih sebesar-besarnya dengan tulus

kepada:

1. Bapak Faqih Ruhyanudin, M.Kep., Sp.Kep, MB selaku Dekan Fakultas

Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiah Malang.

2. Ibu Nur Lailatul Masrusoh, S.Kep., Ns., MNS selaku Ketua Program Studi

Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

3. Bapak Dr. Yoyok Bekti. Prasetyo, M.Kep., Sp.Kom selaku pembimbing

yang telah memberikan banyak ilmu, dorongan motivasi dan bimbingan

dalam proses penyusunan proposal skripsi ini sampai selesai.

4. Kedua orang tua saya yang telah memberikah ridhonya, kekuatan, do’a,

motivasi kepada saya untuk menuntut ilmu ke jenjang sarjana dan

menyelesaikan proposal skripsi ini.

5. Nujha Husna selaku teman terdekat saya, yang telah membantu dan

memotivasi saya bersikap sabar dalam menyelesaikan proposal skripsi ini.

iv
 6. Semua teman-teman Alih Jenjang terutama anggota kelompok 13 yang

telah memberikan semangat, bantuan dan masukan sehingga saya dapat

menyelesaikan proposal skripsi ini.

Serta semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam proses penyusunan

proposal skripsi ini. Saya menyadari bawa dalam penyusunan proposal skripsi ini

masih jauh dari kata sempurna, oleh karena itu penulis membuka diri untuk segala

kritik yang bersifat membangun demi menyempurnakan proposal skripsi ini.

Mohon maaf atas segala kekurangan dan kesalahan yang mungkin telah

saya perbuat. Semoga Allah SWT senantiasa memberikan petunjuk terbaik,

pencerahan, dan kelapangan dada unruk menjalani kehidupan ini sehingga kita

mampu untuk tetap istiqomah dijalan-Nya

Malang, 19 September 2020

Penulis

Doni Muhammad Syafi.i

NIM. 201910420312126

v
 ABSTRAC
T

Factors Affecting the Incidence of Stunting: A Literature Review

Doni Muhammad Syafi.i , Yoyok Bekti Prasetyo

1 2

Introduction: Stunting is a problem in various developing countries including

Indonesia because it is associated with suboptimal brain development which has
an impact on delayed motor development and stunted mental growth in children.
In the short term it results in decreased cognitive and motor skills of children, and
in the long term it will hinder work performance as adults. The purpose of this
study was to determine the factors that influence the incidence of stunting.
Methods: This study uses a Systematic Literature Review, in which the researcher
analyzes 21 scientific articles obtained from five databases, namely Scient Direct,
Taylor & Francis, ProQuest, Wiley Online Library, and Pubmed. With inclusion
criteria, namely journals published in 2015-2020 and related to factors that affect
the incidence of stunting. The scientific articles obtained were then reviewed and
analyzed.
Results: From 21 journals, the results showed that the highest direct factor was
gender having an odd ratio (AOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1-4.2;). There were 10 articles,
nutrition had an odd ratio (mean HAZ = -2.9, 95% CI = [-3.58, -2.24]) there were
4 articles and LBW had an odd ratio (AOR = 2.55; CI 95 %: 2.05–3.15, p <0.001)
there are 6 articles. The highest indirect socioeconomic factor of the house had an
odd ratio (AOR = 5.41, 95% CI 3.91–7.48) there were 10 articles, parents'
education had an odd ratio (AOR = 2.55, 95% CI 1.26–5.17) there were 10
articles, and the mother's height had an odds ratio (AOR = 4.7; 95% CI, 4.5-5.0; P
<0.001) there were 8 articles.
Conclusion: the results of this study found that the factors that influence the
incidence of stunting are seen from direct factors and indirect factors.

Keywords: stunting, child nutrition, impact, factors, school children

1.
2. School
School of
of Nursing,
Nursing, Health
Health Science
Science Faculty,
Faculty, Muhammadiyah
Muhammadiyah University
University of
of Malang
Malang

vi
 INTISARI

Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Stunting : Studi

Literature Review

Doni Muhammad Syafi.i1, Yoyok Bekti Prasetyo2

Pendahuluan : Stunting menjadi permasalahan diberbagai negara berkembang

termasuk di indonesia karena berhubungan dengan perkembangan otak
suboptimal yang berdampak pada perkembangan motorik terlambat dan
terhambatnya pertumbuhan mental pada anak. Dalam jangka pendek
mengakibatkan penurunan kemampuan kognitif dan motorik anak, serta dalam
jangka panjang akan menghambat performa kerja ketika dewasa.. Tujuan dari
penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian
stunting.
Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan Systematic Literature Review, dimana
peneliti menganalisa 21 artikel ilmiah yang didapat dari lima databaase yaitu
Scient Direct, Taylor & Francis, ProQuest, Wiley Online Libery, dan Pubmed.
Dengan kriteria inklusi yaitu jurnal yang di terbitkan pada tahun 2015-2020 dan
berkaitan dengan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian stunting. Artikel
ilmiah yang didapat kemudian dilakukan review dan analisa.
Hasil : Dari 21 jurnal yang didapatkan hasil bahwa, faktor langsung tertinggi
adalah Jenis kelamin memiliki odd ratio (AOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1-4.2;). Terdapat
10 artikel,
nutrisi memiliki odd ratio (rata-rata HAZ = -2,9, 95% CI = [-3,58, -2,24]) terdapat
4 artikel dan BBLR memiliki odd ratio (AOR = 2.55; CI 95%: 2.05–3.15, p
<0.001) terdapat 6 artikel. Faktor tidak langsung tertinggi social ekonomi rumah
memiliki odd ratio (AOR = 5,41, 95% CI 3,91–7,48) terdapat 10 artikel,
pendidikan orang tua memiliki odd ratio (AOR = 2.55, 95% CI 1.26–5.17)
terdapat 10 artikel, dan Tinggi badan ibu memiliki odd rasio (AOR = 4,7; CI 95%,
4,5-5,0; P <0,001) terdapat 8 artikel.
Kesimpulan : hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa faktor yang mempengaruhi
kejadian stunting dilihat dari faktor langsung dan faktor tidak langsung.

Kata Kunci : stunting, gizi anak, dampak, faktor, anak sekolah

3.
4. Ilmu
Ilmu Keperawatan,
Keperawatan, Fakultas
Fakultas Ilmu
Ilmu Kesehatan,
Kesehatan, Universitas
Universitas Muhammadiyah
Muhammadiyah Malang
Malang

vii
 DAFTAR
ISI
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN.....................................................................................ii
SURAT PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN PENELITIAN..........................................iii
KATA PENGANTAR.............................................................................................iv
INTISARI...............................................................................................................vii
DAFTAR ISI.........................................................................................................viii
DAFTAR TABEL...................................................................................................xi
DAFTAR GAMBAR.............................................................................................xii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN.........................................................................................xiii
BAB I.......................................................................................................................1
PENDAHULUAN....................................................................................................1
1.1 Latar Belakang...........................................................................................1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah.....................................................................................4
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian.......................................................................................4
1.3.1 Tujuan Umum.........................................................................................4
1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus........................................................................................4
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian.....................................................................................4
1.4.1 Secara teoritis/keilmuan..........................................................................4
1.4.2 Secara praktisi/keperawatan...................................................................5
BAB II......................................................................................................................6
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA...........................................................................................6
2.1 Faktor langsung dan tidak langsung yang mempengaruhi kejadian
stunting. 6 2.1.1 Faktor Langsung
6
2.1.2 Faktor tidak langsung..............................................................................9
2.2 Konsep Stunting Pada Anak.........................................................................12
2.2.1Definisi...................................................................................................12
2.2.2Penyebab Stunting.................................................................................13
2.2.3Dampak stunting....................................................................................14
2.3 Gizi Seimbang..............................................................................................15
2.4 Status Gizi Pada Anak..................................................................................16
2.5 Status gizi ibu hamil.....................................................................................17
BAB III...................................................................................................................19
KERANGKA KONSEP.........................................................................................19
3.1 Kerangka Konsep.........................................................................................19
BAB IV..................................................................................................................20
 DAFTAR
ISI viii
METODE PENELITIAN.......................................................................................20
4.1 Strategi pencarian literature.........................................................................20
4.1.1 Protokol dan Registrasi.........................................................................20
4.1.2 Database Pencarian...............................................................................20
4.1.3 Kata kunci.............................................................................................21
4.2 Kriteria Inklusi dan Ekslusi.........................................................................22
4.3 Seleksi Studi dan Penilaian Kualitas...........................................................23
4.3.1 Hasil Pencarian dan Seleksi Studi........................................................23
4.3.2 Penilaian kualitas..................................................................................24
BAB V....................................................................................................................27
5.1 Hasil Penelitian............................................................................................27
5.2 Karakteristik................................................................................................27
5.3 Analisa Data...............................................................................................29
5.4 Faktor Langsung Penyebab Teradinya Stunting..........................................54
5.5 Faktor Tidak Langsung Penyebab Teradinya Stunting................................55
BAB VI..................................................................................................................61
6.1 Karakteristik responden................................................................................61
6.2 Faktor langsung terjadinya stunting.............................................................62
6.2.1Jenis Kelamin.........................................................................................62
6.2.2Berat Badan Lahir Rendah....................................................................63
6.2.3Nutrisi....................................................................................................64
6.2.4Penyakit Infeksi.....................................................................................65
6.2.5Usia anak...............................................................................................66
6.2.6Anemia pada Anak................................................................................67
6.3 Faktor tidak langsung terjadinya stunting....................................................69
6.3.1Sosial Ekonomi Rumah Tangga............................................................69
6.3.2Inisiasi menyususi, ASI eklusif dan MP-ASI........................................70
6.3.3Air, sanitasi dan kebersihan (WASH)...................................................72
6.3.4Pemeriksaan saat ANC..........................................................................73
6.3.5Imunisasi yang tidak lengkap................................................................74
6.3.6Tinggi Badan orang tua.........................................................................75
6.3.7Usia Ibu..................................................................................................76
6.3.8Wilayah perkotaan dan pedesaan..........................................................77
6.3.9Jumlah Anggota Keluarga dan Balita >3 dalam Rumah Tangga..........78
6.3.10Konsepsi...............................................................................................80
6.3.11Jarak Kehamilan <2 Tahun..................................................................81
 DAFTAR
ISI ix
6.3.12Kekerasan Fisik...................................................................................82
6.4 Keterbatasan Penelitian...............................................................................83
6.5 Implikasi Keperawatan................................................................................83
BAB VII.................................................................................................................85
7.1 Kesimpulan..................................................................................................85
7.2 Saran............................................................................................................86
7.2.1 Bagi Institusi.........................................................................................86
7.2.2 Bagi ilmu keperawatan.........................................................................86
7.2.3 Bagi peneliti selanjutnya.......................................................................86
DAFTAR PUSTAKA............................................................................................87
DAFTAR
ISI

x
 DAFTAR TABEL
Table 4.0 Kata Kunci Literature Review...............................................................21
Tabel 4.0 Format PICOS Dalam Literature Review..............................................22
Tabel 5.2 karakteristik (N=21)...............................................................................28
Tabel 5.3 Desain Penelitian...................................................................................28
Tabel 5.4 Analisa Data Faktor Penyebab Stunting................................................30
Tabel 5.5 Faktor Langsung....................................................................................54
Tabel 5.6 faktor tidak langsung.............................................................................56

xi
 DAFTAR
GAMBAR

Gambar 3.1 Kerangka Konsep...............................................................................19

Gambar 4.1 Diagram Flow Literature Review......................................................24

xii
 DAFTAR
LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1 Analisa JBI Critical Appraisal for Analytical Cross Sectional Studies97
Lampiran 2 Analisa JBI Critical Appraisal for Case Control Studies................110
Lampiran 3 Analisa JBI Critical Appraisal for Randomized Controlled Trials..114
Lampiran 4 PRISMA Cheklist.............................................................................118
Lampiran 5 Lembar Konsultasi Seminar Proposal..............................................120
Lampiran 6 Lembar Konsultasi Seminar Hasil....................................................122
Lampiran 7 lembar konsultasi revisi sempro.......................................................124
Lampiran 8 Hasil Pencarian Jurnal berdasarkan Topik.......................................126
Lampiran 9 Lembar Hasil Deteksi Plagiasi.........................................................128
Lampiran 10 List Jurnal yang Dianalisis.............................................................130
Lampiran 11 List Jurnal yang Diexclude.............................................................133
Lampiran 12 Lembar Konsultasi Revisi Semhas.................................................138

xiii
 87

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