KWND_HW]A LANCW LHWUHWN]CHD

UNUBW
\njna \ntu ]uons Intn Kujcna \cstbi Ubdobdmnjcnd Indnfbibd

mcsusud hjba6
Kbjhiphk Ubdyndoona
Inrtn \usndtc >>>?55=?
Pchjcdb Urcslcjjn >>>?5501
]ctndcn Wbzn R. >>>?55>?
\cdtayn Fudcnjcb >>>?55>0

Iclanbj _cfnyn >>>?5>15

FRWR\ND NKRD]ND\C
@NKRJ]N\ CJIR \H\CNJ MND ARINDCHWN
RDCPBW\C]N\ GRDMN IRJCN
FNKNW]N 
7575
 

UBDMNARJRND

Krndwhrta Lancr Lhrphrntchd (KLL) nmnjna pbrusnannd yndo mcmcrcknd Unmn

tnaud >31?. Krndwhrta Lancr Lhrphrntchd (KLL) mcmcrcknd hjba _bsthd Krndtz mnd

Kbvcd _bdtwhrta. Kndthr pusnt KLL tbrjbtnk mc Mbdvbr, Lhjhrnmh, mc knkc gukct

Uboududond Whlky. Unmn nwnj tnaud, KLL ibdoanscjknd kursc jcpnt gbrkunjctns

tcdooc yndo prnktcs mnd trbdmc, ydo mcrndlndo mnjni gbrgnonc ihmbj mbdond ibrbk

@hrm-Ct. Urhmuk tbrsbgut mcfunr sblnrn bkskjusc` kbpnmn mcstrcguthr.

\bjnin gbrtnaud-tnaud, KLL ibdobigndoknd rnoni prhmukdyn mnd

ibdoanscjknd kursc jcpnt mbdond gbrgnonc ukurnd, ihmbj, mbsncd, gnand, mnd

 gbrgnonc `ctur tnignand yndo kbiumcnd mcfunj mbdond anron yndo gbrgbmn-g
gbrgbmn-gbmn.
bmn.
KLL fuon ibdnwnrknd gbgbrnpn prhmuk tbrknct sbpbrtc kursc tndpn sndmnrnd mnd

 pbondond gbrknkc tcon yndo gcsn mcjcpnt, sh`n, rndfndo mnd gndoku stnmchd. KLL

 fuon gcsn ibigunt prhmuk yndo mcmbsncd sbsunc pbricdtnnd

pb ricdtnnd khdsuibd.

Urhmuk KLL sbrcdo knjc mcpnibrknd pnmn pnibrnd dcnon pbrusnand mnd pbstn
pbst n

tncjontb  pnmn nlnrn hjnarnon. Ubrusnannd ibdlntntnd nmn sbkctnr >.255  sthlk

kbbpcdo udct (\KR) gnrndo fnmc mnd gbrgnonc gnocnd kursc yndo pbrusnannd funj

ibskcpud sbkctnr 12 “  35%

 35% mnrc pbdfunjnd gbrnsnj andyn mnrc sbkctnr =5 \KR.

KLL ibigndoud pbdfunjnd mbdond ibdndniknd jbgca gndynk cdvbstnsc

 pnmn pbrckjndnd mnd mbdond ibdnigna snjurnd mcstrcgusc. Unmn tnaud 755<,

 pbrusnannd ibdfunj jndosudo gbgbrnpn prhmukdyn kb gbgbrnpn mcstrcguthr kblcj mnd

kb gbgbrnpn mcstrcguthr gbsnr sbpbrtc, _njinrt, K-Inrt, mnd ]nrobt. \njurnd

mcstrcguthr ibdoanscjknd vhjuib pbdfunjnd tbrtcdooc, tbtnpc pbdfunjnd ctu tbrlcptn

 pnmn inrocd yndo jbgca rbdmna.

rbd mna.
 

Unmn tnaud >335-nd, KLL ibicdmnaknd `nscjctns utnin pngrckdyn kb

Ibksckh mnd Lcdn udtuk ibind`nntknd gcnyn tbdnon kbrfn yndo jbgca rbdmna.

Andyn nmn gbgbrnpn `nscjctns pbrnkctnd mnd `nscjctns pbiguntnd sbsunc pbsndnd yndo

tbtnp nmn mc Mbdvbr. Unmn nwnjdyn KLL andyn ibdonjnic sbmckct pbrsncdond.

Mbsncd kursc mcjcdmudoc hjba jbgca mnrc 75 pntbd. Ubdfunjnd tuigua pbsnt, mnd

inrocd rntn  “   rntn tcdooc, gbrkcsnr ndtnrn =5-25%, kbiumcnd mc tnaud-tnaud

 gbrckutdyn udtuk ibdoanscjknd

ibd oanscjknd pbdfunjnd mnrc rndtnc
r ndtnc pbdoblbr gbsnr.
gbs nr.

Unmn tnaud >333, KLL ibicdfni $<5 futn knrbdn pnrn pbdmcrc kaususdyn

Kbvcd cdocd ibdonigcj sbfuijna gbsnr undo pbrusnannd udtuk mcrcdyn sbdmcrc.

Kbvcd tbrtnrck mbdond mudcn pbtbrdnknd, mnd cdocd ibigbjc pbtbrdnknd yndo jbgca

 gbsnr mnd cn ibdfnmc fnrndo ibdyuigndoknd wnktudyn udtuk KLL. Jnyndnd utndo
 pcdfnind ibdourndoc inrocd indnobr KLL mnjni ibjnkuknd kbsnjnand njcrnd kns

jbgca kbtnt, kaususdyn pnmn pbrchmb jnignt mnjni

mnjn i sbtnaud, Hkthgbr snipnc Fndunrc.

Unmn nkacr tnaud >335-nd, iudluj pbsncdo yndo sbgnocnd gbsnr mnrc dbonrn-

dbonrn Nscn yndo ibdcdokntknd pbrsncdond

pbrsncd ond yndo lukup tcdooc. Wbsbsc mudcn mc nwnj

tnaud 7555-nd ibdybgngknd tcmnk tbrfnmcdyn pbrugnand npnpud pnmn pbdfunjnd mnd

jngn ibdurud. Ubrbdlndnnd cdsbdtc` indnfbibd pbrusnannd tcmnk ibignynrknd

cdsbdtc` gnck pnmn tnaud 755> inupud tnaud 7557. Kcdbrfn pnmn tnaud 755< sbmckct

ibignck. ]htnj pbdoanscjnd KLL mcprhybksc sbkctnr $?5 futn, gbrtnigna mnrc $01

 futn pnmn tnaud 7557, mnd jngn mcanrnpknd sbmckc

sbmckctt phsctc`.

Unmn tnaud 7557, kbvcd ibickcrknd pbrugnand yndo iudokcd gbrnsnj mnrc

 pbrugnand struktur hrondcsnsc. Cn ibdcjnc gnawn indnfbr KLL anrus jbgca `hkus

 pnmn kunjctns pbdfunjnd, ibinanic kbgutuand mnd kbcdocdnd khdsuibd mbdond

jbgca gnck mnd ibigbrcknd pbjnyndnd yndo gnck kbpnmn khdsuibd. Cn fuon ibdcjnc

 gnawn pbignocnd mcvcsc, fckn mccipjbibdtnscknd mbdond gbdnr, mnpnt ibigndtu

 

KLL ibipbrgnckc b`cscbdsc mnd pbind`nntnd nsbtdyn. Unmn struktur hrondcsnsc

yndo gnru, mcgbdtuk mun mcvcsc ynctu, mcvcsc prhmuk blbrnd mnd mcvcsc prhmuk sbsunc

 pbsndnd. Mcvcsc pbdoblbrnd nknd gbr`hkus vhjuib yndo ibdcdoknt, pbdfu

pbdfunjnd
njnd

 prhuk stndmnr udtuk thkh-thkh pbdoblbr. Mcvcsc prhmuk sbsunc pbsndnd nknd

ibdourus vhjuib pbdfunjnd sbsunc pbsndnd yndo jbgca kblcj. Kbmun mcvcsc yndo

mcgbdtuk nknd mcfnmcknd sbgnonc pusnt jngn.

Whgbrt Lando, _nkcj Urbscmbd gcmndo Kbundond mnd Nmicdcstrnsc,

ibdousujknd pbdoukurnd kcdbrfn mnd rbdlndn cdsbdtc` yndo gnru mnd jbgca gnck. Mc

 gnwna rbdlndn gnru, pnrn indnfbr nknd mcgbrcknd pbdoanronnd tudnc ntns

 pbdlnpncnd tnrobt
tnr obt tnaudnd yndo mctbtnpknd udtuk pbdobignjcnd
pbdobignjc nd yndo tb
tbrkbdmnjc
rkbdmnjc mc

tcdoknt mcvcsc mnd pbrusnannd. Rdtuk indnfbr mcvcsc, ghdus nknd mcmnsnrknd pnmn
?2% pnmn kcdbrfn mcvcsc mnd 72% pnmn kcdbrfn pbrusnannd. Fckn kcdbrfn gbdnr-gbdnr

ibjbgcac tnrobt, pbignynrnd mnpnt mctcdokntknd acdoon 25%. Dniud, tcmnk nknd

nmn pbignynrnd fckn kcdbrfn nktunj mc gnwna rbdlndn.

Kbputusnd KLL udtuk ibdmbsbdtrnjcsnscknd mcvcsc Urhmuk, Ubinsnrnd,

Ubdfunjnd, Nkudtndsc & Nmicdcstrnsc mnd Hpbrnsc. Wndtnc pnshknd, W&M,

Ubrckjndnd mnd \MI tbtnp tbrsbdtrnjcsnsc. \bdtrnjcsnsc mbpnrtbibd W&M nmnjna

 pbdybgng utnin pbrtbdtndond ndtnrn mcvcsc

mcvc sc prhmuk blbrnd mnd mcvcsc prhmuk sbsunc

 pbsndnd. Ibskcpud W&M mcgnoc sblnrn ibrntn ndtnr mbpnrtbibd, tbtnpc

 pbind`nntnd jnyndnd W&M tcmnk prhphrschdnj.

pr hphrschdnj. Ibdurut FFhb,
hb, mcvcsc prhmuk sbs
sbsunc
unc

 pbsndnd ibdmnpntknd jbgca gndynk mukudond W&M, sbmndoknd kbmun mcvcsc

ibdmndnc 25% ndoonrnd W&M. Mc scsc jncd, mcvcsc prhmuk sbsunc pbsndnd ibdobjua

 gnawn W&M tbrjnju rbnktc` mnd tcmnk

t cmnk ibdbrcin
ibdbr cin pbrugnand
pbrug nand rnmck
rnmcknj
nj yndo mcusujknd

hjba mbpnrtbibd ibrbkn yndo mcanrusknd udtuk ibdontnsc pbrsncdond pnsnr.

 

KNFCND ]BHWC

Indnfbibd ibicjckc tndooudo fnwng udtuk ibdohptcinjcsnsc augudond

ndtnrn cdput mnd hutput. Ubdoukurnd cdput mnd hutput ibigbrcknd cd`hrinsc

kundtctntc` pnmn cd`hrinsc kunjctntc`. Cdput nmnjna suigbr mnyn yndo mcoudnknd

mnjni pusnt pbrtndooudofnwngnd udtuk ibdlnpnc tufund yndo tbjna mctbtnpknd.

Khdsbp cdput mnd hutput mnpnt mcoudnknd udtuk ibdfbjnsknd nrtc b`cscbdsc mnd

b`bktc`ctns. B`cscbd nmnjna rntch ndtnrn cdput mbdond hutput, ntnu fuijna hutput yndo

mcanscjknd mnrc sbtcnp udct cdput yndo mcoudnknd. B`bktcvctns mctbdtuknd hjba

augudond ndtnrn hutput yndo mcanscjknd hjba suntu pusnt pbrtndooudofnwngnd

mbdond tufund fndokn pbdmbkdyn ( hgfbltcvbs). \binkcd gbsnr hutput yndo

mckhdtrcguscknd tbranmnp tufund yndo mctbtnpknd, inkn sbinkcd b`bktc`jna udct

tbrsbgut. \blnrn rcdokns, suntu pusnt pbrtndooudofnwngnd nknd gbrsc`nt b`cscbd fckn

ibjnkuknd sbsuntu mbdond tbpnt, mnd nknd gbrsc`nt b`bktc` fckn ibjnkuknd anj-anj

yndo tbpnt.

Uusnt pbrtndooudofnwngnd kbundond nmnjna bjbibd utnin mnrc scstbi

 pbdobdmnjcnd anscj kbundond. Uusnt pbrtndooudofnwngnd nmnjna udct hrondcsnsc

yndo mcpcipcd hjba indnfbr yndo gbrtndooudofnwng tbranmnp nktcvctns pusnt

 pbrtndooudofnwngnd yndo mcpcipcddyn mnd tbranmnp nktcvctns yndo mcjnkuknd.

Ubrusnannd pnmn mnsnrdyn ibrupnknd sbkuipujnd pusnt-pusnt tndooudo fnwng,

yndo inscdo-inscdo mcwnkcjc hjba sbguna khtnk mnjni gnond hrondcsnsc. Uusnt-

 pusnt tndooudo fnwng tbrsbgut sbjndfutdyn ibigbdtuk suntu acbrnrkc. Uusnt

 pbrtndooudofnwngnd ibjnkuknd kbocntnd udtuk ibdlnpnc sntu ntnu jbgca tufund

yndo mcsbgut hgfbltcvb. Hrondcsnsc sblnrn kbsbjuruand ibipudync ohnj mnd

indnfbr sbdchr ibdbtnpknd strntboc udtuk ibdlnpnc ohnj. Hgfbltcvb gbrgnonc pusnt
 

 pbrtndooudofnwng mnjni suntu hrondcsnsc ibigndtu cipjbibdtnsc strntboc. Knrbdn

hrondcsnsc ibrupnknd sbkuipujnd pusnt pbrtndooudofnwngnd, inkn npngcjn sbtcnp

 pusnt pbrtndooudofnwngnd iblnpnc hgfbltcvb-dyn, inkn ohnj hrondcsnsc nknd

tbrlnpnc. Nmn = tcpb mnsnr mnrc pusnt pbrtndooudofnwngnd kbundond, ynctu

>.  Uusnt Cdvbstnsc

Uusnt Cdvbstnsc nmnjna pusnt pbrtndooudofnwngnd yndo mcpbondo hjba

indnfbr yndo gbrtndooudofnwng gnck udtuk jnphrnd jngn ruoc inupud

jnphrnd phscsc kbundond jcdb ctbis yndo mcgunt udtuk ibdoanscjknd rbturd

nkudtndsc (Jngn) mnd cdvbstnsc yndo mcgunt udtuk ibdoanscjknd rbturd

tbrsbgut.

7.  Uusnt Jngn

Uusnt Jngn nmnjna pusnt pbrtndooudofnwngnd kbtckn indnfbr gbrtndooudo

 fnwng pnmn gbgbrnpn

gbgb rnpn pbdoukurnd
pbdouku rnd jngn yndo gbrgbmn ndtnrn
ndt nrn pbdmnpntnd yndo

mcanscjknd mnd gcnyn yndo ibdoanscjknd pbdmnpntnd tbrsbgut.

<.  Uusnt Ubdmnpntnd

Uusnt Ubdmnpntnd nmnjna pusnt pbrtndooudofnwngnd kbtckn indnfbr

 gbrtndooudo fnwng udtuk ibdoanscjknd pbdmnpntnd sbgnonc pbdoukurnd

kbundond mnrc hutput.

=.  Uusnt Gcnyn

Uusnt Gcnyn ntnu pbdobjunrnd nmnjna pusnt pbrtndooudofnwngnd kbtckn

indnfbr gbrtndooudo fnwng tbranmnp gbgbrnpn bjbibd gcnyn. Gcnyn nmnjna

 pbdoukurnd kbundond mnrc cdput, ntnu suigbr mnyn yndo mcoudnknd hjba

 pusnt pbrtndooudofnwngnd.
pbrtndooud ofnwngnd.
 

WRIR\ND IN\NJNA

>.  Npnkna Kbputusnd Mbsbdtrnjcsnsc \umna Ibrupnknd Kbputusnd Sndo ]bpnt8

7.  Gnoncindn Nonr \btcnp Mcvcsc/Uusnt Ubrtndooudofnwngnd Mnpnt Gbrsntu

Rdtuk Gbkbrfn \nin Mnjni Ibdcdokntknd Kcdbrfn Ubrusnannd Rdtuk

Ibdlnpnc ]ufund8

<.  Npnkna \banrusdyn Inscdo-Inscdo (Mcvcsc Urhmuk) Ibicjckc Indnfbibd

Wndtnc Ubrsbmcnnd, ]bdnon Ubdfunjnd, W&M, Mnd @udosc \uigbr Mnyn

Induscndyn \bdmcrc, Ntnu Npnkna \biun \uigbr Mnyn Ctu \bgnckdyn

Mcpnknc Gbrsnin8

=.  Gnoncindn \banrusdyn Ubdoukurnd Kcdbrfn Mnd \cstbi Cdsbdtc` yndo

Mcrndlndo Rdtuk Ibinkscinjknd Ihtcvnsc Knrynwnd8

 

UBIGNAN\ND

>.  Npnkna Kbputusnd Mbsbdtrnjcsnsc \umna Ibrupnknd Kbputusnd Sndo

]bpnt8

Mnjni rbdlndn mbsbdtrnjcsnsc yndo gnru, mcvcsc prhmuk mcgnoc ibdfnmc

mun pusnt jngn, Urhmuk blbrnd mnd Urhmuk sbsunc pbsndnd. \cstbi gnru

ibigbrc indnfbr mcvcsc jbgca gndynk hthrctns pbdonigcjnd kbputusnd mnd

ibrbkn gbrtndooudo fnwng ntns kcdbrfn mnrc mcvcsc yndo mcpbondo. Ibskcpud

scstbi gnru nmnjna cdcscntc` phsctc` udtuk ibrbstrukturcsnsc khrphrnsc,

 pbrantcnd utnin nmnjna kurndodyn pbdonjnind indnfbr mcvcsc mnjni

ibdobjhjn sbjurua mcvcsc inkn mnrc ctu pbrju nmndyn pbjntcand mnd ntnsnd yndo

mnpnt ibdonrnaknd indnfbr-indnfbr cdc tbrjbgca mnauju sbgbjui mcjbpns

 gboctu snfn. Kbputusnd mbsbdtrnjcsnsc cdc ibrupnknd kbputusnd yndo tbpnt fckn

mcjnksndnknd mbdond pbrbdlndnnd yndo tbpnt. Nonr suksbs ibdfnjndknd

khrphrnsc, sbiun mcvcsc anrus gbkbrfn sblnrn anrihdcs. indnfbibd anrus

ibinstcknd gnawn cmb-cmb cdhvntc` mnd ibdoudtudoknd yndo mcsnrndknd

hjba inscdo-inscdo mcvcsc anrus mcdcjnc mbdond gbdnr mnd mcpbrtcigndoknd

udtuk kbudtudond yndo jbgca gbsnr.

7.  Gnoncindn Nonr \btcnp Mcvcsc/Uusnt Ubrtndooudofnwngnd Mnpnt

Gbrsntu Rdtuk Gbkbrfn \nin Mnjni Ibdcdokntknd Kcdbrfn Ubrusnannd

Rdtuk Ibdlnpnc ]ufund8

Khd`jck mnjni suntu pbrusnannd ibrupnknd anj yndo wnfnr mnjni suntu

 pbrusnannd. Anj cdc mcknrbdnknd suntu hrondcsnsc tbrmcrc mnrc gndynk hrndo

mnd ibicjckc pbickcrnd yndo gbrgbmn-gbmn. ]btnpc khd`jck mnjni suntu

 

hrondcsnsc mnpnt mcicdcinjcscr kbtckn suntu pbrusnannd mnpnt ibdndondc

sbtcnp insnjna mndond tbpnt. Gbgbrnpn anj yndo mnpnt mcjnkuknd pbrusnannd

nonr sbtcnp ndoohtn mnd sbtcnp mcvcsc mnpnt gbkbrfn snin mbdond gnck udtuk

ibdlnpnc tufund pbrusnannd.

n.  Indnfbibd anrus ibinstcknd gnawn cmb-cmb cdhvntc` mnd

ibdoudtudoknd yndo mcsnrndknd hjba inscdo-inscdo mbpnrtbibd

anrus mcdcjnc mbdond gbdnr mnd mcpbrtcigndoknd udtuk kbpbdtcdond

 pbrusnannd guknd udtuk kbpbdtcdond sbdmcrc mnd ibdfntuaknd mcvcsc

jncddyn.

 g.  ]cmnk ibigbmnknd sntu mcvcsc mbdond mcvcsc jncddyn, knrbdn sbtcnp

mcvcsc ibicjckc tndooudo fnwngdyn inscdo-inscdo.

l.  Ibigndoud khiudcknsc ndtnr mcvcsc yndo tbrmnpnt mc mnjni pbrusnannd

KLL.

m.  \brcdo ibjnkuknd bvnjunsc nonr sbtcnp knrynwnd mnpnt snjcdo

ibigndtu mnd ibdbrcin sbtcnp insuknd yndo nmn udtuk

ibicdcinjcscr khd`jck.

b.  Ibdonmnknd nlnrn mcjunr fni kbrfn nonr sbtcnp knrynwnd mnpnt

ibdfnjcd augudond gnck sntu mbdond yndo jncddyn sbpbrtc hutghdm,

inknd scndo gbrsnin mnd jncd-jncd.

`.  ]brmnpnt lhdtrhjjbr yndo mnpnt ibdonwnsc fnjnddyn nktcvctns mcsbtcnp

mcvcscdyn.
 

<.  Npnkna \banrusdyn Inscdo-Inscdo (Mcvcsc Urhmuk) Ibicjckc

Indnfbibd Wndtnc Ubrsbmcnnd, ]bdnon Ubdfunjnd, W&M, Mnd @udosc

\uigbr Mnyn Induscndyn \bdmcrc, Ntnu Npnkna \biun \uigbr Mnyn

Ctu \bgnckdyn Mcpnknc Gbrsnin8

Ibdurut kbjhiphk knic, sbanrusdyn inscdo-inscdo (mcvcsc prhmuk)

ibicjckc indnfbibd rndtnc pbrsbmcnnd, tbdnon pbdfunjnd, W&M, mnd `udosc

suigbr mnyn induscndyn sbdmcrc, nonr suigbr mnyn induscndyn nmn kbfbjnsnd

ntns tndooudo fnwng mnd ank yndo nknd ibrbkn tbrcin. \btcnp pbrusnannd

sbgnckdyn ibicjckc suigbr mnyn yndo gbrgbmn-gbmn mc sbtcnp mcvcscdyn nonr

sbtcnp mcvcsc mnpnt ibinkscinjknd kcdbrfndyn. \btcnp mcvcsc nknd ibicjckc

tufund mnd prhorni kbrfndyn tbrsbdmcrc, fckn tbrmnpnt suigbr mnyn yndo snin,
anj cdc mnpnt ibdybgngknd khd`jck kbpbdtcdond ndtnr mcvcsc, sbpbrtc njhknsc

yndo tcmnk tbpnt ntnu pbind`nntnd suigbr mnyn ndtnr mcvcsc, ntnu kbputusnd

yndo mcgunt pnmn tcdoknt pbrusnannd yndo ibipbdonruac kbpbdtcdond

inscdo-inscdo mcvcsc.

=.  Gnoncindn \banrusdyn Ubdoukurnd Kcdbrfn Mnd \cstbi Cdsbdtc` yndo

Mcrndlndo Rdtuk Ibinkscinjknd Ihtcvnsc Knrynwnd8

Kcdbrfn knrynwnd ibrupnknd anscj kbrfn yndo tbjna mclnpnc hjba sbhrndo

knrynwnd gbrmnsnrknd stndmnr yndo tbjna mctbtnpknd. \btcnp pbrusnannd

sbanrusdyn ibicjckc pbdcjncnd kcdbrfn sbdmcrc udtuk ibdoukur kcdbrfn

knrwnynddyn. Lhdthadyn, Kcdbrfn knrynwnd mnpnt mcukur mbdond pbrtndynnd

 gbrckut.

n.  Npnkna knrynwnd sbjnju mntndo tbpnt wnktu8

 g.  Npnkna sbiun pbkbrfnnd sbjbsnc mbdond gnck mnd tbpnt wnktu8
 

l.  Npnkna knrynwnd ibdhjnk ntnu ibdbrcin tuons tnignand mnrc ntnsnd8

m.  Npnkna tnrobtdyn tbrlnpnc8

b.  Npnkna cn mnpnt gbkbrfn mnjni kbjhiphk8

Mnjni pbigbrcnd cdsbdtc`, sbanrusdyn pbrusnannd ibigbrcknddyn

sbsunc mbdond pbdlnpncnd kcdbrfn yndo tbjna knrynwnddyn mnd tufund

 pbrusnannd. ]btnpc pbrusnannd fuon anrus ibipbrtcigndoknd cdsbdtc` npn

yndo nknd mcgbrcknd sbsunc mbdond khdmcsc pbrusnannd. Cdsbdtc` mnpnt

mcgbrcknd mnjni gbdtuk `cdndlcnj inupud dhd `cdndlcnj. \bjncd cdsbdtc`, fckn

kcdbrfn mnrc knrynwnd mnd tufund pbrusnannd yndo tcmnk tbrlnpnc, pbrusnannd

 fuon mnpnt ibgbrcknd sndksc tbranmnp knrynwnd nonr nmndyn scsc fbrn pnmn

knrynwnd tbrsbgut.
 

KB\CIURJND

\btcnp pbrusnannd ibicjckc kcdbrfn mnd tufunddyn inscdo-inscdo. Rdtuk

ibdlnpnc tufund tbrsbgut indnfbibd ibicjckc tndooudo fnwng udtuk

ibdohptcinjcsnsc augudond ndtnrn cdput mnd hutput. Nonr cdput mnd hutput yndo

mcanscjknd mnpnt b`bktc` mnd b`cscbd, pbrusnannd pbrju nmndyn mbsbdtrnjcsnsc ntnu

 pusnt pbrtndooudofnwngnd.
pbrtndooudofnwng nd. Uusnt pbrtndooudofnwngnd
pbrtndooudofnw ngnd nmnjna udct hrondcsnsc
hrondcsn sc yndo

mcpcipcd hjba indnfbr yndo gbrtndooudofnwng tbranmnp nktcvctns pusnt

 pbrtndooudofnwngnd yndo mcpcipcddyn mnd tbra

tbranmnp
nmnp nktcvctns yndo mcjnkuknd.

Ihtcvnsc utnin KLL udtuk mbsbdtrnjcsnsc nmnjna `hkus pnmn jnyndnd

 pbjndoond udtuk ibinkscinjknd kbudtudond mnd ibdcdokntknd b`cscbdsc mnd

 pbind`nntnd nsbt. Hjba knrbdn ctu, indnfbr pusnt pbrtndooudofnwngnd mbdond

ndtnriukn pbjndoond jndosudo anrus mcicdtnc pbrtndooudofnwngnd ntns

 pbdmnpntnd ntnu kbudtudond

kbudtu dond gbrsnin mbdond gc
gcnyn.
nyn.

Kbputusnd mbsbdtrnjcsnsc ibrupnknd kbputusnd yndo tbpnt fckn mcrbdlndnknd

mnd mcjnksndnknd mbdond tbpnt. Ibskcpud tbrmnpnt indnfbr yndo ibdfnmc pusnt mnrc

suntu mcvcsc, tbtnpc tbtnp anrus nmndyn pbdonwnsnd mnjni strntboc mnd anscj kcdbrfn

mnrc suntu mcvcsc.

 

MN@]NW UR\]NKN

Ibrlandt. Kbddbta N. mkk. 75>?.  Indnobibdt Lhdtrhj \ystbis6 Ubr`hrindlb

Cdlbdtcvbs. Rdctbm Kcdomhi6 Ubnrshd
 Ibnsurbibdt, Bvnjuntchd ndm Cdlbdtcvbs

Ibrlandt. Kbddbta N. mkk. 75>=. \cstbi Ubdobdmnjcnd Indnfbibd6 Ubdoukurnd

 Kcdbrfn, Bvnjunsc, mnd Cdsbdtc` . Rdctbm Kcdomhi6 Ubnrshd

Ibjuinm. Dnaui. mkk. (>337). ‚ N ]abhry H` Wbsphdscgcjcty Lbdtbrs ’, Fhurdnj

Lbdtbrs’,  Fhurdnj h`
Blhdhicls, Phj >2, Cssub =, pp. ==2-=1=.
 Nllhudtcdo ndm Blhdhicls