Lampiran A

LAMPIRAN A
PERHITUNGAN NERACA MASSA
Kapasitas Produksi : 60000 Ton / tahun

Proses Operasi : Continue
Produk : High Impact Polystyrene ( HIPS )
Waktu Aktif Produksi : 330 hari
A.1 Menentukan Kapasitas Bahan Baku Aktual
Diketahui :
Waktu aktif produksi = 330 hari
Kapasitas produksi aktual = 60.000 Ton / tahun
Kapasitas bahan baku basis = 1.000 kg / jam
Kapasitas produksi hasil basis = 878 kg / jam
Konversi kapasitas produksi aktual dari Ton / tahun ke kg / jam :

Ton 1.000 kg 1 tahun 1 hari
60.000 Ton / tahun = 60.000 × × ×
tahun 1 Ton 330 hari 24 jam
= 7.575,76 kg / jam
Kapasitas produksi aktual

Faktor pengali, f P =
Kapasitas produksi hasil basis
7.575,76 kg / jam
=
878 kg / jam
= 8,62843
Kapasitas bahan baku aktual = Kapasitas bahan baku basis × f P

= 1.000 kg / jam × 8,62843
= 8.628,43 kg / jam
A-1
A-2
A.2 Menentukan Komposisi Bahan Baku Produksi
Diketahui :
Kapasitas bahan baku aktual, F Aktual = 8.628,43 kg / jam
Komposisi bahan baku produksi high impact polystyrene berdasarkan

European Commission, 2007 dapat dilihat pada Tabel A.1.
Tabel A.1 Komposisi bahan baku
Komposisi
Bahan Baku Nama Bahan Baku
(%)
Monomer Styrene 80,00
Rubber Polybutadiene 7,00
Co-solvent Ethylbenzene 10,00
Free radical initiator Benzoyl peroxide 0,05
Chain transfer agent T-dodecyl mercaptan 0,07
Stabilizer Distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite 0,68
Internal lubricant White mineral oil 2,00
Mould release agent Zinc stearate 0,20
Total 100,00
Komposisi aliran styrene, F S

FS = F Aktual × % komposisi
= 8.628,43 kg / jam × 80 %
= 8.628,43 kg / jam × 0,80
= 6902,74 kg / jam
Komposisi aliran polybutadiene, F PB

F PB = F Aktual × % komposisi PB
= 8.628,43 kg / jam × 7 %
= 8.628,43 kg / jam × 0,07
= 603,99 kg / jam
A-3
Komposisi aliran ethylbenzene, F EB

F EB = F Aktual × % komposisi EB
= 8.628,43 kg / jam × 10 %
= 8.628,43 kg / jam × 0,10
= 862,84 kg / jam
Komposisi aliran benzoyl peroxide, F BP

F BP = F Aktual × % komposisi BP
= 8.628,43 kg / jam × 0,05 %
= 8.628,43 kg / jam × 0,0005
= 4,31 kg / jam
Komposisi aliran t-dodecyl mercaptan, F TDM

F TDM = F Aktual × % komposisi TDM
= 8.628,43 kg / jam × 0,07 %
= 8.628,43 kg / jam × 0,0007
= 6,04 kg / jam
Komposisi aliran distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite, F DPD

F DPD = F Aktual × % komposisi DPD
= 8.628,43 kg / jam × 0,68 %
= 8.628,43 kg / jam × 0,0068
= 58,67 kg / jam
Komposisi aliran white mineral oil, F WMO

F WMO = F Aktual × % komposisi WMO
= 8.628,43 kg / jam × 2 %
= 8.628,43 kg / jam × 0,02
= 172,57 kg / jam
A-4
Komposisi aliran zinc stearate, F ZS

F ZS = F Aktual × % komposisi ZS
= 8.628,43 kg / jam × 0,2 %
= 8.628,43 kg / jam × 0,002
= 17,26 kg / jam
Tabel A.2 Rangkuman komposisi dan laju alir bahan baku

Komposisi Laju alir, F
Bahan Baku
(%) ( kg / jam )
Styrene 80,00 6.902,74
Polybutadiene 7,00 603,99
Ethylbenzene 10,00 862,84
Benzoyl peroxide 0,05 4,31
T-dodecyl mercaptan 0,07 6,04
Distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite 0,68 58,67
White mineral oil 2,00 172,57
Zinc stearate 0,20 17,26
Total 100,00 8.628,43
A.3 Pembagian Aliran Bahan Baku

Aliran bahan baku dibagi atas 5 aliran utama :
A.3.1 Aliran 1, F 1
Aliran 1 merupakan aliran styrene. Kemurnian styrene yang digunakan
adalah 99,7 %. Kebutuhan pure styrene berdasarkan komposisi bahan baku
adalah 6.902,74 kg / jam.
Diketahui :
Laju alir styrene, F S = 6.902,74 kg / jam
Komposisi aliran 1 :
Styrene, W S = 99,7 %
Ethylbenzene, W EB = 0,3 %
A-5
Menentukan total aliran 1, F 1 :

FS
F1 =
WS
6.902,74 kg / jam
=
0,997
= 6.923,51 kg / jam
Menentukan komponen aliran 1 :

Styrene, F S 1
F S1 = F1×WS
= 6.923,51 kg / jam × 99,7 %
= 6.923,51 kg / jam × 0,997
= 6.902,74 kg / jam
Ethylbenzene, F EB 1
F EB 1 = F 1 × W EB
= 6.923,51 kg / jam × 0,3 %
= 6.923,51 kg / jam × 0,03
= 20,77 kg / jam
A.3.2 Aliran 2, F 2
Aliran 2 merupakan aliran polybutadiene. Kebutuhan polybutadiene
berdasarkan komposisi bahan baku adalah 603,99 kg / jam.
Diketahui :
Laju alir polybutadine, F PB = 603,99 kg / jam
Polybutadine, W PB = 100 %
A-6

F PB
F2 =
W PB
603,99 kg / jam
=
1
= 603,99 kg / jam

Polybutadiene, F PB 2
F PB 2 = F 2 × W PB
= 603,99 kg / jam × 100 %
= 603,99 kg / jam × 1
= 603,99 kg / jam
A.3.3 Aliran 3, F 3
Aliran 3 merupakan aliran ethylbenzene. Kebutuhan ethylbenzene
Diketahui :
Laju alir ethylbenzene, F EB = 862,84 kg / jam
Ethylbenzene, W EB = 100 %
Menentukan total aliran ethylbenzene pada aliran 3 :

F EB 3 = F EB – F EB 1
= 862,84 kg / jam – 20,77 kg / jam
= 842,07 kg /jam
A.3.4 Aliran 4, F 4
Aliran 4 merupakan aliran white mineral oil. Kebutuhan white mineral oil
A-7
Diketahui :
Laju alir white mineral oil, F WMO = 172,57 kg / jam
White mineral oil, W WMO = 100 %

F WMO
F4 =
W WMO
172,57 kg / jam
=
1
= 172,57 kg / jam

White mineral oil, F WMO 4
F WMO 4 = F 4 × W WMO
= 172,57 kg / jam × 100 %
= 172,57 kg / jam × 1
= 172,57 kg / jam
A.3.5 Aliran 5, F 5
Aliran 5 merupakan aliran benzoyl peroxide, t-dodecyl mercaptan, distearyl
pentaerythriol disphospite dan zinc stearate.
Diketahui :
Komponen aliran F 5 :
Benzoyl peroxide, F BP 5 = 4,31 kg / jam
T-dodecyl mercaptan, F TDM 5 = 6,04 kg / jam
Distearyl pentaerythriol disphospite, F DPD 5 = 58,67 kg / jam
Zinc stearate, F ZS 5 = 17,26 kg / jam
A-8
Total aliran 5, F 5 :
F5 = F BP 5 + F DPD 5 + F DPD 5 + F ZS 5
= 4,31 kg / jam + 6,04 kg / jam + 58,67 kg / jam + 17,26 kg / jam
= 86,28 kg / jam
A.4 Neraca Massa Dissolver ( DS – 101 ).
F5
BP
TDM
DPD
F4
ZS WMO
F3
EB
F2
PB
F1
S
EB
DISSOLVER F6
S
PB
EB
BP
TDM
DPD
WMO
ZS
Gambar A.1 Aliran neraca massa dissolver ( DS – 101 )
Diketahui :
Total aliran 1, F1 = 6.923,51 kg / jam
Styrene, F S 1 = 6.902,74 kg / jam
Ethylbenzene, F EB 1 = 20,77 kg / jam
Total aliran 2, F 2 = 603,99 kg / jam

Polybutadiene, F PB 2 = 603,99 kg / jam
A-9


White mineral oil, F WMO 4 = 172,57 kg / jam

T-dodecyl mercaptan, F TDM 5 = 6,04 kg / jam
Distearyl pentaerythriol disphospite, F DPD 5 = 58,67 kg / jam
Kondisi operasi :
Temperatur, T = 80 – 120 °C
Tekanan, P = 1 atm
A.4.1 Menentukan laju alir masuk, F in
Laju alir masuk, F in

F in = F1+F2+ F3+F4+F5
= 6.923,51 + 603,99 + 842,07 + 172,57 + 86,28 kg / jam
= 8.628,43 kg / jam
A.4.2 Menentukan laju alir keluar, F 6
F6 = F in
= 8.628,43 kg / jam
A-10
Total aliran 6, F 6 = 8.628,43 kg / jam
Komponen aliran 6, F 6 :
Styrene, F S 6
F S6 = F S1
= 6.902,74 kg / jam
F PB 6 = F PB 2
= 603,99 kg / jam
F EB 6 = F EB 1 + F EB 3
= 20,77 kg / jam + 842,07 kg / jam
= 862,84 kg / jam
Benzoyl peroxide, F BP 6
F BP 6 = F BP 5
= 4,31 kg / jam
T-dodecyl mercaptan, F TDM 6

F TDM 6 = F TDM 5
= 6,04 kg / jam
Distearyl pentaerythriol disphospite, F DPD 6

F DPD 6 = F DPD 5
= 58,67 kg / jam

F WMO 6 = F WMO 4
= 172,57 kg / jam
A-11
Zinc stearate, F ZS 6
F ZS 6 = F ZS 5
= 17,26 kg / jam
Tabel A.3 Rangkuman neraca massa dissolver ( DS – 101 )

Aliran Massa ( kg / jam )
Komponen Masuk Keluar
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6
Styrene 6.902,74 6.902,74
Ethylbenzene 20,77 842,07 862,84
Distearyl pentaerythriol
58,67 58,67
Diphospite
6.923,51 603,99 842,07 172,57 86,28 8.628,43
Total
8.628,43 8.628,43
A.5 Neraca Massa Reactor ( R – 101 )
F6 REACTOR F7
S S
PB PB
EB EB
BP BP
TDM TDM
DPD DPD
WMO WMO
ZS ZS
PS
HIPS
Gambar A.2 Aliran neraca massa reactor ( R – 101 )

A-12
Diketahui :
Laju alir massa pada aliran 6, F 6 = 8.628,43 kg / jam
T-dedocyl mercaptan, F TDM 6 = 6,04 kg / jam
Distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite, F DPD 6 = 58,67 kg / jam
Berat molekul komponen :

Styrene, Mr S = 104,15 kg / kgmol
Polybutadiene, Mr PB = 54091,60 kg / kgmol
Ethylbenzene, Mr EB = 106,17 kg / kgmol
Benzoyl peroxide, Mr BP = 242,23 kg / kgmol
T-dodecyl mercaptan, Mr TDM = 202,40 kg / kgmol
Distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite, Mr DPD = 733,03 kg / kgmol
White mineral oil, Mr WMO = 350 kg / kgmol
Zinc stearate, Mr ZS = 632,33 kg / kgmol
Kondisi operasi : (Cunha dkk., 2013)

Temperatur, T = 120 °C
Tekanan, P = 1 atm
Konversi, X = 45 %
A-13
Gambar A.3 Reaksi polimerisasi high impact polystyrene
A.5.1 Menentukan laju alir komponen masuk dalam kgmol / jam, N 6
Laju alir komponen styrene, N S 6

F S6
NS6 =
Mr S
6.902,74 kg / jam
=
104,15 kg / kgmol
= 66,27691 kgmol / jam
Laju alir komponen polybutadiene, N PB 6

F PB 6
N PB 6 =
Mr PB
603,99 kg / jam
=
59091,60 kg / kgmol
= 0,01117 kgmol / jam
A-14
Laju alir komponen ethylbenzene, N EB 6

F EB 6
N EB 6 =
Mr EB
862,84 kg / jam
=
106,17 kg / kgmol
= 8,12699 kgmol / jam
Laju alir komponen benzoyl peroxide, N BP 6

F BP 6
N BP 6 =
Mr BP
4,31 kg / jam
=
242,23 kg / kgmol
= 0,01781 kgmol / jam
Laju alir komponen t-dodecyl mercaptan, N TDM 6

F TDM 6
N TDM 6 =
Mr TDM
6,04 kg / jam
=
202,40 kg / kgmol
= 0,02984 kgmol / jam
Laju alir komponen distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite, N DPD 6

F DPD 6
N DPD 6 =
Mr DPD
58,67 kg / jam
=
733,03 kg / kgmol
= 0,08004 kgmol / jam
Laju alir komponen white mineral oil, N WMO 6

F WMO 6
N WMO 6 =
Mr WMO
A-15
172,57 kg / jam
=
350 kg / kgmol
= 0,49305 kgmol / jam
Laju alir komponen zinc stearate, N ZS 6

F ZS 6
N ZS 6 =
Mr ZS
17,26 kg / jam
=
632,33 kg / kgmol
= 0,02729 kgmol / jam
A.5.2 Menentukan laju alir keluar styrene, N S 7

Diketahui :
Laju alir masuk styrene, N S 6 = 66,27691 kgmol / jam
Konversi, X = 0,45 atau 45 %
Laju alir keluar styrene, N S 7 = ?
Reklaitis, 1983 – Hal. 112, Pers. 3.5

N S6 – N S7
X =
N S6
X × N S6 = N S6 – N S7
N S7 = N S6 – ( XS× N S6)
= 66,27691 kgmol / jam – ( 0,45 × 66,27691 kgmol / jam )
= 36,45230 kgmol / jam
A.5.3 Menentukan laju reaksi 1, r 1

Diketahui :
Laju alir keluar styrene, N S 7 = 36,45230 kgmol / jam
Koefisien styrene, σ S = – 3.000
Laju reaksi 1, r 1 = ?
A-16

r1× σ S = N S7 – N S6
N S7 – N S6
r1 =
σS
36,45230 kgmol / jam – 66,27691 kgmol / jam

=
– 3.000
= 0,00994 kgmol / jam
A.5.4 Menentukan laju alir polystyrene yang terbentuk, N PS

Diketahui :
Laju alir masuk polystyrene, N PS 6 = 0 kgmol / jam
Koefisien polystyrene, σ PS = 1
Laju reaksi 1, r 1 = 0,00994 kgmol / jam
Laju alir polystyrene yang terbentuk, N PS = ?

r 1 × σ PS = N PS – N PS 6
N PS = N PS 6 + ( r 1 × σ PS )
= 0 kgmol / jam + ( 0,00994 kgmol / jam × 1 )
= 0,00994 kgmol / jam
A.5.5 Menentukan limiting reactan pada reaksi 2, Lr

Diketahui :
Laju alir polystyrene yang terbentuk, N PS = 0,00994 kgmol / jam
Laju alir masuk polybutadiene, N PB 6 = 0,01117 kgmol / jam
Koefisien polystyrene pada reaksi 2, σ PS 2 = –2
Koefisien polybutadiene pada reaksi 2, σ PB 2 = –1
A-17
N PS
Lr PS =
– σ PS 2
0,00994 kgmol / jam

=
–(–2)
= 0,00497 kg / jam
N PB 6
Lr PB =
– σ PB 2
0,01117 kgmol / jam

=
–(–1)
= 0,01117 kg / jam
Limiting reactan pada reaksi kedua adalah polystyrene kerana nilai Lr

polystyrene lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan nilai Lr polybutadiene.

Diketahui :

N PS × X
r2 =
– σ PS 2
0,00994 kgmol / jam × 0,45

=
–(–2)
= 0,00224 kg / jam
A-18
A.5.7 Menentukan laju alir polystyrene keluar ( N PS 7 )

Diketahui :
Laju alir masuk polystyrene, N PS 6 = 0 kgmol / jam
Koefisien polystyrene pada reaksi 1, σ PS 1 = 1
Koefisien polystyrene pada reaksi 2, σ PS 2 = – 2
Laju reaksi 1, r 1 = 0,00994 kgmol/ jam
Laju reaksi 2, r 2 = 0,00224 kgmol/ jam
Laju alir keluar polystyrene, N PS 7 = ?
N PS 7 = N PS 6 + ( σ PS 1 × r 1 ) + ( σ PS 2 × r 2 )
= 0 + ( 1 × 0,00994 kgmol / jam ) + ( – 2 × 0,00224 kgmol / jam )
= 0,00547 kgmol / jam
A.5.8 Menentukan laju alir polybutadiene keluar ( N PB 7 )

Diketahui :
Laju reaksi, r 2 = 0,00224 kgmol/ jam
Laju alir keluar polybutadiene, N PB 7 = ?
N PB 7 = N PB 6 + ( σ PB 2 × r 2 )
= 0,01117 kg / jam + ( – 1 × 0,00224 kgmol / jam )
= 0,00893 kgmol / jam
A.5.9 Menentukan laju alir high impact polystyrene keluar ( N HIPS 7 )

Diketahui :
Laju alir masuk high impact polystyrene, N HIPS 6 = 0 kgmol / jam
Koefisien high impact polystyrene pada reaksi 2, σ HIPS 2 = 1
Laju reaksi pada reaksi 2, r 2 = 0,00224 kgmol / jam
Laju alir keluar high impact polystyrene, N HIPS 7 = ?
A-19
N HIPS 7 = N HIPS 6 + ( σ HIPS 2 × r 2 )

= 0 kgmol / jam + ( 1 × 0,00224 kgmol / jam )
= 0,00224 kgmol / jam
A.5.10 Menentukan laju alir komponen keluar dalam kg / jam, F 7
Laju alir komponen styrene, F S 7

F S7 = N S 7 × Mr S
= 36,45230 kgmol / jam × 104,15 kg / kgmol
= 3.796,51 kg / jam
Laju alir komponen polybutadiene, F PB 7

F PB 7 = N PB 7 × Mr PB
= 0,00893 kgmol / jam × 54.091,60 kg / kgmol
= 483,00 kg / jam
Laju alir komponen ethylbenzene, F EB 7

F EB 7 = N EB 7 × Mr EB
= 862,84 kg / jam
Laju alir komponen benzoyl peroxide, F BP 7

F BP 7 = N BP 7 × Mr BP
= 4,31 kg / jam
Laju alir komponen t-dodecyl mercaptan, F TDM 7

F TDM 7 = N TDM 7 × Mr TDM
= 6,04 kg / jam
A-20
Laju alir komponen distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite, F DPD 7

F DPD 7 = N DPD 7 × Mr DPD
= 58,67 kg / jam
Laju alir komponen white mineral oil, F WMO 7

F WMO 7 = N WMO 7 × Mr WMO
= 0,49305 kgmol / jam × 350 kg / kgmol
= 172,57 kg / jam
Laju alir komponen zinc stearate, F ZS 7

F ZS 7 = N ZS 7 × Mr ZS
= 17,26 kg / jam
Laju alir komponen polystyrene, F PS 7

F PS 7 = N PS 7 × Mr PS
= 0,00547 kgmol / jam × 312.450 kg / kgmol
= 1.708,43 kg / jam
Laju alir komponen high impact polystyrene, F HIPS 7

F HIPS 7 = N HIPS 7 × Mr HIPS
= 1.518,80 kg / jam
A-21
Tabel A.4 Rangkuman neraca massa reactor ( R – 101 )

F6 F7
Styrene 6.902,74 3.796,51
Polystyrene 0,00 1708,43
High impact polystyrene 0,00 1518,80
Total 8.628,43 8.628,43
A.6 Neraca Massa Reactor ( R – 102 )
F7 REACTOR F8
S S
PB PB
EB EB
BP BP
TDM TDM
DPD DPD
WMO WMO
ZS ZS
PS PS
HIPS HIPS
Gambar A.4 Aliran neraca massa reactor ( R – 102 )
Diketahui :
A-22

Polystyrene, F PS 7 = 1.708,43 kg / jam
High impact polystyrene, F HIPS 7 = 1.518,80 kg / jam

Styrene, Mr S = 104,15 kg / kgmol
Polybutadiene, Mr PB = 54.091,60 kg / kgmol
Ethylbenzene, Mr EB = 106,17 kg / kgmol
Benzoyl peroxide, Mr BP = 242,23 kg / kgmol
T-dodecyl mercaptan, Mr TDM = 202,40 kg / kgmol
Distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite, Mr DPD = 733,03 kg / kgmol
White mineral oil, Mr WMO = 350 kg / kgmol
Zinc stearate, Mr ZS = 632,33 kg / kgmol
Polystyrene, Mr PS = 312.450 kg / kgmol
High impact polystyrene, Mr HIPS = 678.991,6 kg / kgmol
Kondisi operasi : (Cunha dkk., 2013)

Tekanan, P = 1 atm
Konversi, X = 95 %
A-23
Gambar A.5 Reaksi polimerisasi high impact polystyrene
A.6.1 Menentukan laju alir komponen masuk dalam kgmol / jam, N 7

F S7
NS7 =
Mr S
3.796,51 kg / jam
=
104,15 kg / kgmol
= 36,45230 kgmol / jam
Laju alir komponen polybutadiene, N PB 7

F PB 7
N PB 7 =
Mr PB
483,00 kg / jam
=
59091,60 kg / kgmol
= 0,00893 kgmol / jam
A-24

F EB 7
N EB 7 =
Mr EB
862,84 kg / jam
=
106,17 kg / kgmol
= 8,12699 kgmol / jam
Laju alir komponen benzoyl peroxide, N BP 7

F BP 7
N BP 7 =
Mr BP
4,31 kg / jam
=
242,23 kg / kgmol
= 0,01781 kgmol / jam
Laju alir komponen t-dodecyl mercaptan, N TDM 7

F TDM 7
N TDM 7 =
Mr TDM
6,04 kg / jam
=
202,40 kg / kgmol
= 0,02984 kgmol / jam
Laju alir komponen distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite, N DPD 7

F DPD 7
N DPD 7 =
Mr DPD
58,67 kg / jam
=
733,03 kg / kgmol
= 0,08004 kgmol / jam
Laju alir komponen white mineral oil, N WMO 7

F WMO 7
N WMO 7 =
Mr WMO
A-25
172,57 kg / jam
=
350 kg / kgmol
= 0,49305 kgmol / jam
Laju alir komponen zinc stearate, N ZS 7

F ZS 7
N ZS 7 =
Mr ZS
17,26 kg / jam
=
632,33 kg / kgmol
= 0,02729 kgmol / jam
Laju alir komponen polystyrene, N PS 7

F PS 7
N PS 7 =
Mr PS
1.708,43 kg / jam
=
312.450,00 kg / kgmol
= 0,00547 kgmol / jam
Laju alir komponen high impact polystyrene, N HIPS 7

F HIPS 7
N HIPS 7 =
Mr HIPS
1.518,80 kg / jam
=
678.991,60 kg / kgmol
= 0,00224 kgmol / jam
A.6.2 Menentukan laju alir keluar styrene, N S 8

Diketahui :
Laju alir keluar styrene, N S 8 = ?
A-26

N S7 – N S8
X =
N S7
X × N S7 = N S7 – N S8
N S8 = N S7 – ( XS× N S7)
= 36,45230 kgmol / jam – ( 0,95 × 36,45230 kgmol / jam )
= 1,82262 kgmol / jam

Diketahui :
Laju alir keluar styrene, N S 8 = 1,82262 kgmol / jam
Koefisien styrene, σ S = – 3.000

r1× σ S = N S8 – N S7
N S8 – N S7
r1 =
σS
1,82262 kgmol / jam – 36,45230 kgmol / jam

=
– 3.000
= 0,01154 kgmol / jam
A.6.4 Menentukan laju alir polystyrene yang terbentuk, N PS

Diketahui :
Laju alir masuk polystyrene, N PS 7 = 0,00547 kgmol / jam
Koefisien polystyrene, σ PS = 1
Laju reaksi 1, r 1 = 0,01154 kgmol / jam
Laju alir polystyrene yang terbentuk, N PS = ?
A-27

r 1 × σ PS = N PS – N PS 7
N PS = N PS 7 + ( r 1 × σ PS )
= 0,00547 kgmol / jam + ( 0,01154 kgmol / jam × 1 )
= 0,01701 kgmol / jam
A.6.5 Menentukan limiting reactan pada reaksi 2

Diketahui :
Koefisien polybutadiene pada reaksi 2 , σ PB 2 = –1
N PS
Lr PS =
– σ PS 2
0,01701 kgmol / jam

=
–(–2)
= 0,00851 kg / jam
N PB 6
Lr PB =
– σ PB 2
0,00893 kgmol / jam

=
–(–1)
= 0,00893 kg / jam
Limiting reactan pada reaksi kedua adalah polystyrene kerana nilai Lr

polystyrene lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan nilai Lr polybutadiene.
A-28
A.6.6 Menentukan laju reaksi r 2

Diketahui :

N PS × X
r2 =
– σ PS 2
0,01701 kgmol / jam × 0,95

=
–(–2)
= 0,00808 kg / jam
A.6.7 Menentukan laju alir polystyrene keluar ( N PS 8 )

Diketahui :
Laju alir masuk polystyrene, N PS 7 = 0,00547 kgmol / jam
Koefisien polystyrene pada reaksi 1, σ PS 1 = 1
Koefisien polystyrene pada reaksi 2, σ PS 2 = – 2
Laju alir keluar polystyrene, N PS 8 = ?
N PS 8 = N PS 7 + ( σ PS 1 × r 1 ) + ( σ PS 2 × r 2 )
= 0,00547 + ( 1 × 0,01154 ) + ( – 2 × 0,00808 ) kgmol / jam
= 0,00085 kgmol / jam
A.6.8 Menentukan laju alir polybutadiene keluar ( N PB 8 )

Diketahui :
A-29

Laju alir keluar polybutadiene, N PB 8 = ?
N PB 8 = N PB 7 + ( σ PB 2 × r 2 )
= 0,00893 kg / jam + ( – 1 × 0,00808 kgmol / jam )
= 0,00085 kgmol / jam
A.6.9 Menentukan laju alir high impact polystyrene keluar ( N HIPS 8 )

Diketahui :
Laju alir masuk high impact polystyrene, N HIPS 7 = 0,00224 kgmol / jam
Koefisien high impact polystyrene pada reaksi 2, σ HIPS 2 = 1
Laju reaksi pada reaksi 2, r 2 = 0,00808 kgmol / jam
Laju alir keluar high impact polystyrene, N HIPS 8 = ?
N HIPS 8 = N HIPS 7 + ( σ HIPS 2 × r 2 )

= 0,00224 kgmol / jam + ( 1 × 0,00808 kgmol / jam )
= 0,01032 kgmol / jam
A.6.10 Menentukan laju alir komponen keluar dalam kg / jam, F 8
Laju alir komponen styrene, F S 8

F S8 = N S 8 × Mr S
= 189,83 kg / jam

F PB 8 = N PB 8 × Mr PB
= 45,92 kg / jam
A-30
Laju alir komponen ethylbenzene, F EB 8

= 862,84 kg / jam

F BP 8 = N BP 8 × Mr BP
= 4,31 kg / jam
Laju alir komponen t-dodecyl mercaptan, F TDM 8

F TDM 8 = N TDM 8 × Mr TDM
= 6,04 kg / jam

F DPD 8 = N DPD 8 × Mr DPD
= 58,67 kg / jam

F WMO 8 = N WMO 8 × Mr WMO
= 0,49305 kgmol / jam × 350 kg / kgmol
= 172,26 kg / jam

F ZS 8 = N ZS 8 × Mr ZS
= 17,26 kg / jam
A-31

F PS 8 = N PS 8 × Mr PS
= 265,76 kg / jam
Laju alir komponen high impact polystyrene, F HIPS 8

F HIPS 8 = N HIPS 7 × Mr HIPS
= 7005,23 kg / jam
Tabel A.5 Rangkuman neraca massa reactor ( R – 102 )

F7 F8
Styrene 3.796,51 189,83
Polystyrene 1.708,43 265,76
High impact polystyrene 1.518,80 7.005,23
Total 8.628,43 8.628,43
A-32
A.7 Neraca Massa Devolatilizer ( DV – 101 )
F9
S
EB
F8 DEVOLATILIZER
S
PB
EB
BP
F10
TDM PB
DPD BP
WMO TDM
ZS DPD
PS WMO
HIPS ZS
PS
HIPS
Gambar A.6 Aliran neraca massa devolatilizer ( DV – 101 )
Diketahui :
Laju alir massa pada aliran 8, F 8 = 8628,43 kg / jam
Styrene, F S 8 = 189,83 kg / jam
Polystyrene, F PS 8 = 265,76 kg / jam
High impact polystyrene, F HIPS 8 = 7005,23 kg / jam
Kondisi operasi : (European Commision, 2007)

Tekanan, P = 0,5 atm
A-33
A.7.1 Menentukan komposisi komponen volatile, z

Diketahui :
Laju alir komponen volatile :
Total = 1052,67 kg / jam
Berat molekul komponen volatile :

Styrene, Mr S = 104,15 kg / jam
Ethylbenzene, Mr EB = 106,17 kg / jam

F S8
NS8 =
Mr S
189,83 kg / jam
=
104,15 kg / kgmol
= 1,82262 kgmol / jam

F EB 8
N EB 8 =
Mr EB
862,84 kg / jam
=
106,17 kg / kgmol
= 8,12699 kgmol / jam
Laju alir total, N 8

N8 = N S 8 + N EB 8
= 1,82262 kgmol / jam + 8,12699 kgmol / jam
= 9,94961 kgmol / jam
A-34
Komposisi styrene, z S
N S8
zS =
N8
1,82262 kgmol / jam
=
9,94961 kgmol / jam
= 0,183 atau 18,3 %
Komposisi ethylbenzene, z EB
N EB 8
z EB =
N8
8,12699 kgmol / jam
=
9,94961 kgmol / jam
= 0,817 atau 81,7 %
Total komposisi komponen, z

z = z S + z EB
= 0,183 + 0,817
= 1
A.7.2 Menentukan tekanan saturated komponen, P sat

Diketahui :
Kondisi Operasi :
Tekanan, P = 0,5 atm
Tabel A.6 Antoine equation parameter

T min T max
Komponen A B C
( °C ) ( °C )
Styrene 14,3284 3516,43 – 56,1529 32 187
Ethylbenzene 13,9698 3257,17 – 61,0096 26 168
(Reklaitis, 1983)
A-35
Tekanan saturated styrene, P sat S

B
Ln P sat S = A–
(T+C)
3516,43
Ln P sat S = 14,3284 –
( 150 °C + ( – 56,1529 ) )
Ln P sat S = 4,743 kPa

P sat S = e 4,743
= 114,761 kPa
1 atm
= 861,676 kPa ×
101,325 kPa
= 1,133 atm
Tekanan saturated ethylbenzene, P sat EB

B
Ln P sat EB = A–
(T+C)
3257,17
Ln P sat EB = 13,9698 –
( 150 °C + ( – 61,0096 ) )
Ln P sat EB = 4,972 kPa

P sat EB = e 4,972
= 144,294 kPa
1 atm
= 144,294 kPa ×
101,325 kPa
= 1,424 atm
A.7.3 Menentukan tekanan bubl, P bubl

Diketahui :
Komposisi styrene, z S = 0,183
Komposisi ethylbenzene, z EB = 0,817
Tekanan saturated styrene, P sat S = 1,133 atm
Tekanan saturated ethylbenzene, P sat EB = 1,424 atm
A-36
Fraksi mol cair styrene, x S

x S = z S = 0,183
Fraksi mol cair ethylbenzene, x EB

x EB = z EB = 0,817
Tekanan bubl styrene, P bubl S

P bubl S = x S × P sat S
= 0,183 × 1,133 atm
= 0,207 atm
Tekanan bubl ethylbenzene, P bubl EB

P bubl EB = x EB × P sat EB
= 0,817 × 1,424 atm
= 1,163 atm
Tekanan bubl, P bubl

P bubl = Σ x i × P bubl i
= P bubl S + P bubl EB
= 0,207 atm + 1,163 atm
= 1,371 atm
A.7.4 Menentukan tekanan dew, P dew

Diketahui :
Fraksi mol uap styrene, y S

yS = zS
= 0,183
A-37
Fraksi mol uap ethylbenzene, y EB

y EB = z EB
= 0,817
Tekanan dew styrene, P dew S

yS
P dew S =
P sat S
0,183
=
1,133 atm
= 0,162 atm-1
Tekanan dew ethylbenzene, P dew EB

y EB
P dew EB =
P sat EB
0,817
=
1,424 atm
= 0,735 atm-1
Tekanan dew, P dew

1
P dew =
Σ y i / P sat
i
1
=
( y S / P sat ) + ( y EB / P sat )
S EB
1
=
P dew S + P dew EB
1
=
0,162 atm-1 + 0,574 atm-1
= 1,360 atm
A-38
A.7.5 Menentukan Equilibrium Ratio, K

Diketahui :
Tekanan operasi, P = 0,5 atm
Styrene equilibrium ratio, K S

P sat S
KS =
P
1,133 atm
=
0,5 atm
= 2,265
Ethylbenzene equilibrium ratio, K EB

P sat EB
K EB =
P
1,424 atm
=
0,5 atm
= 2,848
A.7.6 Menentukan mol vapor phase, V

Diketahui :
Styrene equilibrium ratio, K S = 2,265
Ethylbenzene equilibrium ratio, K EB = 2,848
Metode trial and error, V = 0,2

Vapor phase styrene, y S
zS ×KS
yS =
(1+V×(KS–1)
A-39
0,183 × 2,265
=
( 1 + 0,2 × ( 2,265 – 1 )
= 0,331
Vapor phase ethylbenzene, y EB

z EB × K EB
y EB =
( 1 + V × ( K EB – 1 )
0,817 × 2,848
=
( 1 + 0,2 × ( 2,848 – 1 )
= 1,699
Vapor phase, y
y = Σ y trial
= y S + y EB
= 0,331 + 1,699
= 2,030 ( not match, Σ y trial ≠ 1 )

zS ×KS
yS =
(1+V×(KS–1)
0,183 × 2,265
=
( 1 + 0,4 × ( 2,265 – 1 )
= 0,276

z EB × K EB
y EB =
( 1 + V × ( K EB – 1 )
0,817 × 2,848
=
( 1 + 0,4 × ( 2,848 – 1 )
= 1,338
A-40
Vapor phase, y
y = Σ y trial
= y S + y EB
= 0,276 + 1,338

zS ×KS
yS =
(1+V×(KS–1)
0,183 × 2,265
=
( 1 + 0,6 × ( 2,265 – 1 )
= 0,236

z EB × K EB
y EB =
( 1 + V × ( K EB – 1 )
0,817 × 2,848
=
( 1 + 0,6 × ( 2,848 – 1 )
= 1,103
Vapor phase, y
y = Σ y trial
= y S + y EB
= 0,236 + 1,103

zS ×KS
yS =
(1+V×(KS–1)
A-41
0,183 × 2,265
=
( 1 + 0,8 × ( 2,265 – 1 )
= 0,206

z EB × K EB
y EB =
( 1 + V × ( K EB – 1 )
0,817 × 2,848
=
( 1 + 0,8 × ( 2,848 – 1 )
= 0,939
Vapor phase, y
y = Σ y trial
= y S + y EB
= 0,206 + 0,939
Metode trial and error, V = 1

zS ×KS
yS =
(1+V×(KS–1)
0,183 × 2,265
=
( 1 + 1 × ( 2,265 – 1 )
= 0,183

z EB × K EB
y EB =
( 1 + V × ( K EB – 1 )
0,817 × 2,848
=
( 1 + 1 × ( 2,848 – 1 )
= 0,817
A-42
Vapor phase, y
y = Σ y trial
= y S + y EB
= 0,183 + 0,817
= 1,000 ( match, Σ y trial = 1 )
Dari hasil trial and error diperoleh mol vapor phase, V yaitu 1 mol
A.7.7 Menentukan mol liquid phase, L

Diketahui :
Total mol liquid and vapor phase, Z = 1
Mol vapor phase, V = 1
Mol liquid phase, L = ?
Mol liquid phase, L

L = Z–V
= 1 – 1 mol
= 0 mol
A.7.8 Menentukan mol komponen vapor phase, y

Diketahui :
Styrene equilibrium ratio, K S = 2,265
Ethylbenzene equilibrium ratio, K EB = 2,848

zS ×KS
yS =
(1+V×(KS–1)
A-43
0,183 × 2,265
=
( 1 + 1 × ( 2,265 – 1 )
= 0,183

z EB × K EB
y EB =
( 1 + V × ( K EB – 1 )
0,817 × 2,848
=
( 1 + 1 × ( 2,848 – 1 )
= 0,817
Vapor phase, y
y = Σy
= y S + y EB
= 0,183 + 0,817
= 1,000
A.7.9 Menentukan mol komponen liquid phase, x

Diketahui :
Vapor phase styrene, y S = 0,183
Vapor phase ethylbenzene, y EB = 0,817
Mol liquid phase, L = 0
Liquid phase styrene, x S

zS – (yS ×V)
xS =
L
0,473 – ( 0,473 × 1 )
=
0
A-44
= 0
Liquid phase ethylbenzene, y EB

z EB – ( y EB × V )
x EB =
L
0,527 – ( 0,527 × 1 )
=
0
= 0
Liquid phase, x
x = Σx
= x S + x EB
= 0+0
= 0
A.7.10 Menentukan laju alir vapor phase, v

Diketahui :
Laju alir komponen styrene, N S 8 = 1,82262 kgmol / jam
Laju alir komponen ethylbenzene, N EB 8 = 8,12699 kgmol / jam
Vapor phase styrene, y S = 0,183
Vapor phase ethylbenzene, y EB = 0,817
Liquid phase styrene, x S = 0
Liquid phase ethylbenzene, x EB = 0
Mol liquid phase, L = 0
Laju alir vapor phase styrene, v S

(zS × NS )–(xS ×L)
vS =
yS
A-45
( 0,183 × 1,82262 kgmol / jam ) – ( 0 × 0 kgmol / jam )

=
0,183
= 1,82262 kgmol / jam
Laju alir vapor phase ethylbenzene, v EB

( z EB × N EB ) – ( x EB × L )
v EB =
y EB
( 0,817 × 8,12699 kgmol / jam ) – ( 0 × 0 kgmol / jam )

=
0,817
= 8,12699 kgmol / jam
A.7.11 Menentukan laju alir keluar aliran 9, F 9

Diketahui :
Laju alir vapor phase styrene, v S = 1,82262 kgmol / jam
Laju alir vapor phase ethylbenzene, v EB = 8,12699 kgmol / jam

Laju alir keluar styrene, N S 9

N S9 = vS
= 1,82262 kgmol / jam
Laju alir keluar styrene dalam kg / jam, F S 9

F S9 = N S 9 × Mr S
= 189,83 kg / jam
A-46
Laju alir keluar ethylbenzene, N EB 9

N EB 9 = v EB
= 8,12699 kgmol / jam
Laju alir keluar ethylbenzene dalam kg / jam, F EB 9

= 862,84 kg / jam
A.7.12 Menentukan laju alir komponen keluar aliran 10, F 10

F PB 10 = F PB 8
= 45,92 kg / jam

F BP 10 = F BP 8
= 4,31 kg / jam
Laju alir komponen t-dedocyl mercaptan, F TDM 10

F TDM 10 = F TDM 8
= 6,04 kg / jam

F DPD 10 = F DPD 8
= 58,67 kg / jam

F WMO 10 = F WMO 8
= 172,57 kg / jam
A-47

F ZS 10 = F ZS 8
= 17,26 kg / jam

F PS 10 = F PS 8
= 265,76 kg / jam
High impact polystyrene, F HIPS 10

F HIPS 10 = F HIPS 8
= 7005,23 kg / jam
Tabel A.7 Rangkuman neraca massa devolatilizer ( DV – 101 )

F8 F9 F 10
Styrene 189,83 189,83 0,00
Polybutadiene 45,92 0,00 45,92
Ethylbenzene 862,84 862,84 0,00
Benzoyl peroxide 4,31 0,00 4,31
T-dodecyl mercaptan 6,04 0,00 6,04
Distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite 58,67 0,00 58,67
White mineral oil 172,57 0,00 172,57
Zinc stearate 17,26 0,00 17,26
Polystyrene 265,76 0,00 265,76
High impact polystyrene 7.005,23 0,00 7.005,23
8.628,43 1.052,67 7.575,76
Total
8.628,43 8.628,43
A-48
A.8 Neraca Massa Ejector ( E – 101 )
F13
S
EB
U
F12 EJECTOR
U
F9
S
EB
Gambar A.7 Aliran neraca massa ejector ( E – 101 )
Diketahui :
Komponen aliran 9 :

Desitas komponen :
Styrene, ρ S = 909 kg / m3
Ethylbenzene, ρ EB = 866 kg / m3
A.8.1 Menentukan suction flow rate, Q suction
Debit komponen styrene, Q S 9

F S9
QS9 =
ρS
A-49
189,83 kg / jam
=
909 kg / m3
= 0,2088 m3 / jam
Debit komponen ethylbenzene, Q EB 9

F EB 9
Q EB 9 =
ρ EB
862,84 kg / jam
=
866 kg / m3
= 0,9964 m3 / jam
Debit total aliran 13, Q 13

Q 13 = Q S 13 + Q EB 13
= 0,2088 m3 / jam + 0,9964 m3 / jam
= 1,2052 m3 / jam
Suction flow rate, Q suction

Q Suction = Q 13
= 1,2052 m3 / jam
m3 1000 dm3 1L 1 jam
= 1,2052 × × ×
jam 1 m3 1 dm3 60 menit
= 20,0864 L / menit
A.8.2 Menentukan jenis ejector

Diketahui :
Suction flow rate, Q Suction = 20,0864 L / menit
Berdasarkan suction flow rate, Q Suction maka dipilih :
Ejector design :
Type = Air Ejector
A-50
Model = ZH10B
Body type = Box type ( built-in silincer )
Size type = S ( Standard )
Max. Suction flow rate = 24 L / min
Air consumption = 46 L / min
Operating temperature = 5 to 150 °C
Max. operating pressure = 0,60 MPa
Standard supply pressure = 0,45 Mpa
Air ejector tersebut dipilih karena maximum suction flow rate air ejector
tersebut sebesar 24 L / menit, dimana dapat digunakan untuk menghisap
campuran gas pada aliran 9, F 9 dengan suction flow rate, Q Suction sebesar
20,0864 L / menit.
A.8.3 Menentukan temperatur isentropic compressor, T Isentropic

Diketahui :
Tekanan inlet compressor, P inlet compressor = 1 atm
Temperatur inlet compressor, T inlet compressor = 29 °C
Tekanan outlet compressor, P outlet compressor = 0,45 MPa
R/Cp untuk diatomic gases = 2/7 atau 0,2857
Keterangan :
Penentuan tekanan dan temperatur inlet compressor merupakan keadaan
udara luar (atmosfer). Sedangkan tekanan outlet compressor ditentukan
berdasarkan standard supply pressure pada vacuum ejector yaitu 0,45 Mpa.
Tekanan outlet compressor, P outlet compressor

P outlet compressor = 0,45 Mpa
1000 kPa 1 atm
= 0,45 MPa × ×
1 MPa 101,325 kPa
= 4,441 atm
A-51
Temperatur isentropic compressor, T isentropic

R/Cp
P outlet compressor
T isentropic = T inlet compressor ×
P inlet compressor
2/7
4,441 atm
= 29 °C ×
1 atm
= 44,40 °C
A.8.4 Menentukan temperatur outlet compressor, T outlet compressor

Diketahui :
Temperatur inlet compressor, T inlet compressor = 29 °C
Temperatur isentropic compressor, T isentropic = 44,40 °C
Compressor efficiency, ƞ = 80 % atau 0,8
Temperatur outlet compressor, T outlet compressor

T isentropic – T inlet compressor
T outlet compressor = T inlet compressor +
ƞ
44,40 °C – 29 °C
= 29 °C +
0,8
= 48,25 °C
A.8.5 Menentukan densitas udara outlet compressor, ρ outlet compressor

Diketahui :
Tekanan outlet compressor, P outlet compressor = 4,441 atm
Temperatur outlet compressor, T outlet compressor = 48,25 °C
Berat molekul udara, Mr U = 28,970 kg / kgmol
Persamaan gas ideal :

P×V = n×R×T
Dimana n = m / Mr, maka :

P×V = n×R×T
A-52
m
P×V = ×R×T
Mr
m
P × Mr = ×R×T
V
m
Dimana, = ρ , maka :
V
m
P × Mr = ×R×T
V
P × Mr = ρ × R × T
P × Mr
ρ =
R×T
P outlet compressor × Mr U
ρ outlet compressor =
R × T outlet compressor
4,441 atm × 28,97 kg / kgmol

=
0,08057 m3 . atm / kgmol . K × 321,25 K
= 4,8807 kg / m3
A.8.6 Menentukan laju alir udara masuk, F 12

Diketahui :
Air consumption rate, Q consump = 46 L / minute
Densitas udara outlet compressor, ρ outlet compressor = 4,8807 kg / m3
Air consumption rate, Q Consump

Q Consump = 46 L / minute
L 1 dm3 1 m3 60 minute
= 46 × × 3 ×
minute 1L 1000 dm 1 jam
= 2,76 m3 / jam
A-53
Densitas udara inlet vacuum ejector, ρ inlet vacuum ejector

ρ inlet vacuum ejector = ρ outlet compressor
= 4,8807 kg / m3
Laju alir udara masuk, F 12

F 12 = Q consump × ρ inlet vacuum ejector
= 2,76 m3 / jam × 4,8807 kg / m3
= 13,47 kg / jam

Diketahui :
Laju alir aliran 9, F 9 = 1.052,67 kg / jam

Komponen aliran :
Laju alir aliran 12, F 12 = 13,47 kg / jam

Komponen aliran :
Udara, F U 12 = 13,47 kg / jam
Laju alir keluar styrene, F S 13

F S 13 = FS9
= 189,83 kg / jam
Laju alir keluar ethylbenzene, F EB 13

F EB 13 = F EB 9
= 862,84 kg / jam
Laju alir keluar udara, F U 13

F U 13 = F U 12
= 13,47 kg / jam
A-54
Laju alir total aliran 13, F 13

F 13 = F S 13 + F EB 13 + F U 13
= 189,83 kg / jam + 862,84 kg / jam + 13,47 kg / jam
= 1.066,14 kg / jam
Tabel A.9 Rangkuman neraca massa ejector ( E – 101 )

Bahan Baku Masuk Keluar
F9 F 12 F 13
Styrene 189,83 0,00 189,83
Ethylbenzene 862,84 0,00 862,84
Udara 0,00 13,47 13,47
1.052,67 13,47 1.066,14
Total
1.066,14 1.066,14
A.9 Neraca Massa Knock Out Drum ( KOD – 101 )
F14
U
F13 KNOCK OUT DRUM

S
EB
U
F15
S
EB
Gambar A.8 Aliran neraca massa knock out drum ( KOD – 101 )
Diketahui :
Komponen aliran 13 :
A-55

Udara, F U 13 = 13,47 kg / jam
Kondisi operasi :
Tekanan, P = 1 atm
A.9.1 Menentukan Komponen fasa cair dan gas

Diasumsikan bahwa pada temperatur 30 °C dan tekanan 1 atm komponen
unreacted feed yaitu styrene dan ethylbenzene seluruhnya berada dalam fasa
cair, sedangkan udara dalam fasa gas.
Komponen liquid phase, l

Styrene, l S 13 = F S 13
= 189,83 kg / jam
Ethylbenzene, l EB 13 = F EB 13
= 862,84 kg / jam
Total liquid phase, l

l = l S 13 + l EB 13
= 189,83 + 862,84 kg / jam
= 1.052,67 kg / jam
Komponen vapor phase, v

Udara, v U 13 = F U 13
= 13,47 kg / jam
Total vapor phase, v

v = vU
= 13,47 kg / jam
A-56
Laju alir keluar udara, F U 14

F U 14 = v U 13
= 13,47 kg / jam

F 14 = F U 14
= 13,47 kg / jam
Laju alir keluar styrene, F S 15

F S 15 = l S 13
= 189,83 kg / jam
Laju alir keluar ethylbenzene, F EB 15

F EB 15 = l EB 13
= 862,84 kg / jam

F 15 = F S 15 + F EB 15
= 189,83 kg / jam + 862,84 kg / jam
= 1.052,67 kg / jam
A-57
Tabel A.10 Rangkuman neraca massa knock out drum ( KOD – 101 )
F 13 F 14 F 15
Styrene 189,83 0,00 189,83
Ethylbenzene 862,84 0,00 862,84
Udara 13,47 13,47 0,00
1.066,14 13,47 1.052,67
Total
1.066,14 1.066,14
A.10 Neraca Massa Extruder ( EX – 101 )
F10 EKSTRUDER F11

PB PB
BP BP
TDM TDM
DPD DPD
WMO WMO
ZS ZS
PS PS
HIPS HIPS
Gambar A.9 Aliran neraca massa extruder ( EX – 101 )
Diketahui :
A-58

A.10.1 Menentukan laju alir keluar, F 11
F 11 = F 10
= 7.575,76 kg / jam
Total aliran 11, F 11 = 7.575,76 kg / jam
F PB 11 = F PB 10
= 45,92 kg / jam
Benzoyl peroxide, F BP 11
F BP 11 = F BP 10
= 4,31 kg / jam
T-dodecyl mercaptan, F TDM 11

F TDM 11 = F TDM 10
= 6,04 kg / jam
Distearyl pentaerythriol disphospite, F DPD 11

F DPD 11 = F DPD 10
= 58,67 kg / jam

F WMO 11 = F WMO 10
= 172,57 kg / jam
A-59
Zinc stearate, F ZS 11
F ZS 11 = F ZS 10
= 17,26 kg / jam
Polystyrene, F PS 11
F PS 11 = F PS 10
= 265,76 kg / jam
High impact polystyrene, F HIPS 11

F HIPS 11 = F HIPS 10
= 7.005,23 kg / jam
Tabel A.11 Rangkuman neraca massa extruder ( EX – 101 )

F 10 F 11
Polystyrene 265,76 265,76
High impact polystyrene 7.005,23 7.005,23
Total 7.575,76 7.575,76
A.11 Neraca Massa Keseluruhan

Diketahui :
Total aliran bahan baku, F Aktual = 8.628,43 kg / jam
Total aliran konsumsi udara, F 12 = 13,47 kg / jam
Total aliran purge, F 14 = 13,47 kg / jam
Total aliran produk, F 11 = 7.575,76 kg / jam
Total aliran unreacted feed, F 15 = 1.052,67 kg / jam
A-60
Total aliran masuk, F in

F in = F Aktual + F 12
= 8.628,43 kg / jam + 13,47 kg / jam
= 8.641,90 kg / jam
Total aliran keluar, F out

F out = F 11 + F 14 + F 15
= 7.575,76 kg / jam + 13,47 kg / jam + 1.052,67 kg / jam
= 8.641,90 kg / jam
Tabel A.12 Rangkuman neraca massa keseluruhan

F in F out
Total aliran bahan baku, F Feed 8.628,43 0,00
Total aliran konsumsi udara, F 12 13,47 0,00
Total aliran purge, F 14 0,00 13,47
Total aliran produk, F 11 0,00 7.575,76
Total aliran unreacted feed, F 15 0,00 1.052,67
Total 8.641,90 8.641,90
A.12 Kemurnian Produk High Impact Polystyrene
Pure product :
Total pure product, F pure product

F pure product = F HIPS 11
= 7.005,23 kg / jam
Unreacted polymer :
A-61
Total unreacted polymer, F unreacted polymer

F unreacted polymer = F PB 11 + F PS 11
= 45,92 kg / jam + 265,76 kg / jam
= 311,68 kg / jam
Additive component :
Total additive component, F additive component

F additive component = F BP 11 + F TDM 11 + F DPD 11 + F WMO 11 + F ZS 11
= 4,31 + 6,04 + 58,67 + 172,57 + 17,26 kg / jam
= 258,85 kg / jam
Actual product, F actual product

F actual product = F pure product + F unreacted polymer + F additive component
= 7.005,23 kg / jam + 311,68 kg / jam + 258,85 kg / jam
= 7.575,75 kg / jam
F pure product
Kemurnian produk = × 100 %
F actual product
7.005,23 kg / jam
= × 100 %
7.575,76 kg / jam
= 92,47 %

Lampiran A - Perhitungan Neraca Massa (2287) Contoh

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PERHITUNGAN NERACA MASSA

Kapasitas Produksi : 60000 Ton / tahun

A.1 Menentukan Kapasitas Bahan Baku Aktual

Konversi kapasitas produksi aktual dari Ton / tahun ke kg / jam :

Kapasitas produksi aktual

Kapasitas bahan baku aktual = Kapasitas bahan baku basis × f P

A.2 Menentukan Komposisi Bahan Baku Produksi

Komposisi bahan baku produksi high impact polystyrene berdasarkan

Tabel A.1 Komposisi bahan baku

Komposisi aliran styrene, F S

Komposisi aliran polybutadiene, F PB

Komposisi aliran ethylbenzene, F EB

Komposisi aliran benzoyl peroxide, F BP

Komposisi aliran t-dodecyl mercaptan, F TDM

Komposisi aliran distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite, F DPD

Komposisi aliran white mineral oil, F WMO

Komposisi aliran zinc stearate, F ZS

Tabel A.2 Rangkuman komposisi dan laju alir bahan baku

A.3 Pembagian Aliran Bahan Baku

Menentukan total aliran 1, F 1 :

Menentukan komponen aliran 1 :

Menentukan total aliran 2, F 2 :

Menentukan komponen aliran 2 :

Menentukan total aliran ethylbenzene pada aliran 3 :

Menentukan total aliran 4, F 4 :

Menentukan komponen aliran 4 :

A.4 Neraca Massa Dissolver ( DS – 101 ).

Gambar A.1 Aliran neraca massa dissolver ( DS – 101 )

Total aliran 2, F 2 = 603,99 kg / jam

Total aliran 3, F 3 = 842,07 kg / jam

Total aliran 4, F 4 = 172,57 kg / jam

Total aliran 5, F 5 = 86,28 kg / jam

A.4.1 Menentukan laju alir masuk, F in

Laju alir masuk, F in

A.4.2 Menentukan laju alir keluar, F 6

Total aliran 6, F 6 = 8.628,43 kg / jam

T-dodecyl mercaptan, F TDM 6

Distearyl pentaerythriol disphospite, F DPD 6

White mineral oil, F WMO 6

Tabel A.3 Rangkuman neraca massa dissolver ( DS – 101 )

A.5 Neraca Massa Reactor ( R – 101 )

Gambar A.2 Aliran neraca massa reactor ( R – 101 )

Berat molekul komponen :

Kondisi operasi : (Cunha dkk., 2013)

Gambar A.3 Reaksi polimerisasi high impact polystyrene

A.5.1 Menentukan laju alir komponen masuk dalam kgmol / jam, N 6

Laju alir komponen styrene, N S 6

Laju alir komponen polybutadiene, N PB 6

Laju alir komponen ethylbenzene, N EB 6

Laju alir komponen benzoyl peroxide, N BP 6

Laju alir komponen t-dodecyl mercaptan, N TDM 6

Laju alir komponen distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite, N DPD 6

Laju alir komponen white mineral oil, N WMO 6

Laju alir komponen zinc stearate, N ZS 6

A.5.2 Menentukan laju alir keluar styrene, N S 7

Reklaitis, 1983 – Hal. 112, Pers. 3.5

A.5.3 Menentukan laju reaksi 1, r 1

Reklaitis, 1983 – Hal. 112, Pers. 3.5

36,45230 kgmol / jam – 66,27691 kgmol / jam

A.5.4 Menentukan laju alir polystyrene yang terbentuk, N PS

Reklaitis, 1983 – Hal. 112, Pers. 3.5

A.5.5 Menentukan limiting reactan pada reaksi 2, Lr