gf(p2 + 1) = 5p – 6
–1 < x < 3.
State the range of f(x) based on the domain
–1 < x < 3.
D
(ii) Cari nilai x dengan keadaan f(x) = 5 untuk
1
–2(p2 + 1) – 1 = 5p – 6
–2p2 – 3 = 5p – 6 –1 < x < 3.
2p + 5p – 3 = 0
2 Find the value of x such that f(x) = 5 for –1 < x < 3.
(2p – 1)(p + 3) = 0 (i) 3
2p – 1 = 0 atau p + 3 = 0 x –1 0 3
2
p = –3
p = 1 f(x) 5 3 0 3
2
1 0 < f(x) < 5
\ p = , –3
2 (ii) |2x – 3| = 5
2x – 3 = ±5
2x – 3 = 5 → x = 4
2x – 3 = –5 → x = –1
–1 < x < 3
\ x = –1
L
f(x) = 3x + 2 dan pemetaan y kepada z di bawah fungsi
g(y) = m , y ≠ 3 . 1
5
–2
E 2y – 3 2
Diagram shows the mapping of x onto y by the function f(x) = 3x + 2
m 3
M
and the mapping of y onto z by the function of g(y) = , y ≠ .
2y – 3 2
(i) Cari nilai m.
A
Find the function which maps y onto x.
(iii) Cari fungsi yang memetakan x kepada z.
Find the function which maps x onto z.
A m
2(5) – 3
m = –14
= –2 f(y) = x
3y + 2 = x
= –14
2(3x + 2) – 3
N
–14
y = x – 2 =
3 6x + 4 – 3
x – 2
f (x) =
–1
gf(x) = –14 , x ≠ – 1
3 6x + 1 6
D Then, the cardboard is fold into an open box with height of x cm.
(i) Ungkapkan isi padu kotak V sebagai satu fungsi bagi panjang x.
Express the volume V of the box as a function of length x.
(ii) Cari isi padu kotak jika 3 cm segi empat sama dipotong di setiap x x
2 bucu kadbod. x x
24 cm
Find the volume of the box if 3 cm square is cut out from each corner of
the cardboard.
(i) V(x) = (24 – 2x) × (24 – 2x) × (x) (ii) V(3) = 576(3) – 96(3)2 + 4(3)3
V(x) = (576 – 96x + 4x2)(x) = 1 728 – 864 + 108
V(x) = 576x – 96x2 + 4x3 = 972 cm3
(a) Cari julat nilai k jika persamaan kuadratik 2x2 – (k + 6)x + 2 = 0 mempunyai dua punca yang berbeza.
Find the range of values of k if the quadratic equation 2x2 – (k + 6)x + 2 = 0 has two different roots. L
b – 4ac . 0 k = –10 k = –2
E
2
M
k2 + 12k + 36 – 16 . 0
k2 + 12k + 20 . 0 k+2 – – +
(k + 10)(k + 2) . 0 (k + 10)(k + 2) + – +
\ k , –10, k . –2 B
(b) Cari julat nilai p jika setiap graf fungsi kuadratik f(x) = 3x2 – 6x + p + 2 tidak menyilangi paksi-x.
Find the range of values of p if the graph of quadratic function f(x) = 3x2 – 6x + p + 2 does not cut the x-axis. A
b2 – 4ac = (–6)2 – 4(3)(p + 2) , 0
36 – 12p – 24 , 0
R
12 – 12p , 0
p.1 A
(c) Selesaikan persamaan kuadratik 3x2 + 7x – 8 = 0 dengan menggunakan kaedah rumus kuadratik. N
Solve the quadratic equation 3x2 + 7x – 8 = 0 by using the quadratic formula.
x = –b ± √b – 4ac x = –7 ± √145
2
2a 6
P
x = 0.8403, 3.174
= –7 ± √7 – 4(3)(–8)
2
2(3)
(d) Jika a dan b ialah punca-punca bagi persamaan x2 – 8x + 5 = 0, bentukkan persamaan kuadratik dengan
punca-punca 3a dan 3b.
If a and b are roots of quadratic equation x2 – 8x + 5 = 0, form a quadratic equation with roots 3a and 3b.
B
HTP = a + b = – –8 → a + b = 8
1
Punca baharu:
HTP = 3a + 3b = 3(a + b) = 3(8) = 24
D
HDP = ab = 5 → ab = 5 HDP = (3a)(3b) = 9ab = 9(5) = 45
3
1 x2 – (HTP)x + HDP = 0
x2 – 24x + 45 = 0
(e) Ungkapkan fungsi kuadratik f(x) = 8 + 6x – 3x dalam bentuk a(x – h) + k. Nyatakan nilai maksimum atau
2 2
23 2 1 2 1 24
= –3(x – 1)2 + 3 + 8
= –3(x – 1)2 + 11
Oleh sebab a , 0, f(x) mempunyai nilai maksimum 11 apabila x – 1 = 0 iaitu x = 1.
(a) Salah satu daripada punca bagi persamaan 3x2 – 8x + m = 0 ialah tiga kali punca yang satu lagi. Cari
punca-punca itu dan nilai m.
L
One of the roots of quadratic equation 3x2 – 8x + m = 0 is three times the other. Find the roots and the value of m.
Punca-punca = a, 3a
E HTP = a + 3a = 4a = – –8 → a = 2 dan 3a = 3 2 = 2
3 3 3 1 2
M HDP = a(3a) = 3a2 = m
3
→ m = 3 2
3
2
1 2
(3) = 4
A (b) Rajah menunjukkan graf bagi fungsi f(x) = –(x – p)2 – 4 dengan keadaan y
A
constant. Find y = f(x)
(i) nilai p,
the value of p,
(i) p = 0 + 6 = 3
P 2
(ii) Persamaan paksi simetri ialah x = 3
(iii) Maksimum y apabila x = 3,
B
y = –(3 – 3)2 – 4 = –4.
Maka, titik maksimum ialah (3, –4).
D (c) Lakarkan graf bagi fungsi kuadratik f(x) = x2 – 2x – 8. Nyatakan persamaan paksi simetri bagi graf itu.
Sketch the graph of the quadratic function f(x) = x2 – 2x – 8. State the equation of the axis of symmetry for the graph.
a = 1 . 0 f(x) = x2 – 2x – 8 = 0
4
b2 – 4ac = (–2)2 – 4(1)(–8) (x – 4)(x + 2) = 0
= 36 . 0 \ x = 4 dan x = –2
Maka, graf f(x) berbentuk dengan titik
minimum dan menyilangi paksi-x pada dua titik
yang berbeza.
f(x) = x2 – 2x – 8
= x2 – 2x + – 2 – – 2 – 8
2 2
2 1
2 2 1 2
= (x – 1) – 9 2
(a) Tunjukkan bahawa persamaan kuadratik 5x2 + k = (k + 5)x mempunyai punca-punca nyata untuk semua
nilai k.
Show that the quadratic equation 5x2 + k = (k + 5)x has real roots for all values of k.
L
E
5x2 – (k + 5)x + k = 0
b2 – 4ac = (–k – 5)2 – 4(5)(k) Maka persamaan kuadratik itu
= k2 + 10k + 25 – 20k mempunyai punca-punca nyata
= k2 – 10k + 25
= (k – 5)(k – 5) = (k – 5)2 . 0
untuk semua nilai k.
M
B
A
(b) Cari julat nilai m dengan keadaan fungsi kuadratik f(x) = x2 – (m – 3)x + 3 – m adalah sentiasa positif bagi
semua nilai nyata x.
Find the range of values of x such that the quadratic function f(x) = x2 – (m – 3)x + 3 – m is always positive for all real
values of x.
b2 – 4ac , 0 m = –1 m=3
R
(–m + 3) – 4(1)(3 – m) , 0
2
m2 – 6m + 9 – 12 + 4m , 0
m–3 – – + A
m2 – 2m – 3 , 0
(m – 3)(m + 1) , 0
m+1
(m – 3)(m + 1)
–
+
+
–
+
+
N
\ –1 , m , 3
(c) Seorang petani mempunyai 560 meter dawai pagar dan ingin memagar sebidang tanah berbentuk segi
empat tepat dan dia hanya perlu memagar tiga sisi bidang tanah itu kerana tanah tersebut dikepung
oleh sebatang sungai di satu sisi. Cari panjang dan lebar sebidang tanah itu yang memberikan luas yang
maksimum.
A farmer has 560 metres of fencing and wants to enclose a rectangular plot of land that requires fencing on only three
P
sides because it is bounded by a river on one side. Find the length and width of the plot that will maximize the area.
2 1 2 1
2
24 D
Maka, luas maksimum apabila x = 140 m, y = 560 – 2(140) = 280 m.
(d) Khusairi berjalan sejauh 24 km setiap hari. Dia berjalan dengan kelajuan yang seragam. Jika dia berjalan
5
dengan kelajuan 2 km j–1 lebih pantas daripada kelajuan yang biasa dia lakukan, dia akan menghabiskan
perjalanan satu jam lebih awal. Cari kelajuan yang Khusairi biasa berjalan.
Khusairi walks 24 km everyday. He always walk at a constant speed. If he had walked 2 km h–1 faster than he usually
does, he would have completed his walk one hour earlier. Find the speed Khusairi usually walks.
E (a) x – 2y + z = 15
2x + 3y – 3z = 1
M
4x + 10y – 5z = –3
x – 2y + z = 15 …… 1 4 × 9: –63y + 45z = 261
B 2x + 3y – 3z = 1 …… 2
4x + 10y – 5z = –3 …… 3
5 × 5: –90y + 45z = 315
Tolak: 27y = –54
A
1 × 2: 2x – 4y + 2z = 30
2: 2x + 3y – 3z = 1
y = –2
Ganti y = –2 ke dalam 4:
R Tolak: –7y + 5z = 29 …… 4
1 × 4: 4x – 8y + 4z = 60
–7(–2) + 5z = 29
z = 3
A 3: 4x + 10y – 5z = –3
Tolak: –18y + 9z = 63 …… 5
Ganti z = 3, y = –2 ke dalam 1:
x – 2(–2) + 3 = 15
N
x = 8
\ x = 8, y = –2 dan z = 3
P (a) (3m, 2n) ialah satu penyelesaian bagi persamaan serentak berikut:
(3m, 2n) is a solution for the following simultaneous equations:
3 – 2 =2
5x + 4y = 7
B Cari nilai-nilai m dan nilai-nilai n.
Find the values of m and the values of n.
x y
D
5x + 4y = 7 …… 1
3 – 2 = 2 …… 2
x y
Gantikan nilai-nilai x ke dalam 3:
7
7–5 7 1 2
10
x= → y =
Daripada 1: y = 7 – 5x …… 3 10 4
6 = 7
4
Gantikan 3 ke dalam 2: 8
3 – 2 = 2 x = 3 → y = – 5(3)
7
x 7 – 5x 4
4 = –2
7 – 5x – 2x = 2x 7 – 5x
3
4 1 2 4 1 2 7 , 7 → 3m = 7 , 2n = 7
1 10 82 1 10 82
21 – 15x – 8x = 14x – 10x2
10x2 – 37x + 21 = 0 \ m = 7 , n = 7
30 16
(10x – 7)(x – 3) = 0
(3, –2) → (3m = 3, 2n = –2)
x = 7 atau x = 3 \ m = 1, n = –1
10
(a) Tiga orang pelajar, Ain, Milah dan Salma tidak akan menyatakan berat masing-masing, tetapi mereka
bersetuju untuk mengambil timbangan berat secara berdua. Berat Ain dan Milah bersama ialah 95 kg.
Berat Milah dan Salma bersama ialah 105 kg. Berat Ain dan Salma bersama ialah 110 kg. Cari berat bagi L
E
setiap pelajar tersebut.
Three students, Ain, Milah and Salma will not disclose their weights but agree to be weighed in pairs. Ain and Milah
together weigh 95 kg. Milah and Salma together weigh 105 kg. Ain and Salma together weigh 110 kg. Find the
weight of each student.
M
B
Katakan
x = berat Ain 4: x – z = –10
y = berat Milah 3: x + z = 110
z = berat Salma
A
4 – 3: –2z = –120
x + y = 95 …… 1 z = 60
R
y + z = 105 …… 2 Gantikan z = 60 ke dalam 2:
x + z = 110 …… 3 y + 60 = 105
A
1: x + y + 0 = 95 y = 45
2: 0 + y + z = 105 Gantikan z = 60 ke dalam 3:
N
1 – 2: x – z = –10 …… 4 x + 60 = 110
x = 50
Maka, berat Ain, x = 50 kg, berat Milah, y = 45 kg
dan berat Salma, z = 60 kg
(b) Pada hari Isnin, Azwan membayar RM8.00 untuk 2 cawan kopi dan sekeping donut, termasuk tip. Pada
hari Selasa, dia membayar RM6.50 untuk secawan kopi dan dua keping donut, termasuk tip. Pada hari
Rabu, dia membayar RM5.00 untuk secawan kopi dan sekeping donut, termasuk tip. Jika dia memberi
P
tip dengan jumlah yang sama setiap kali, cari harga secawan kopi dan sekeping donut.
On Monday, Azwan paid RM8.00 for two cups of coffee and one piece of doughnut, including the tips. On Tuesday, he
paid RM6.50 for 2 pieces of doughnuts and one cup of coffee, including tips. On Wednesday, he paid RM5.00 for one
B
cup of coffee and one piece of doughnut, including tips. If he always tip the same amount, find the amount of one cup
of coffee and one piece of doughnut. D
Katakan
x = harga secawan kopi 2: x + 2y + z = 6.50
7
y = harga sekeping donut 3: x + y + z = 5.00
z = tip yang diberi 2 – 3: y = 1.50
2x + y + z = 8.00 …… 1 Gantikan y = 1.50 ke dalam 4:
x + 2y + z = 6.50 …… 2 x – 1.50 = 1.50
x + y + z = 5.00 …… 3 x = 3.00
1: 2x + y + z = 8.00 Maka, harga secawan kopi, x = RM3.00 dan
2: x + 2y + z = 6.50 harga sekeping donut, y = RM1.50
1 – 2: x – y = 1.50 …… 4
N = log2 16 × 5
110 2 = log4 8 × 9
1 36 2
= log2 8 = log4 2
= log2 23 1
=3 = log4 4 2
= 1
B
Solve each of the following equations.
(i) log3 (2x + 3) = 2 + log3 (2x – 1) (ii) 1 logp 9 + 1 logp 81 = 2
log3 (2x + 3) – log3 (2x – 1) = 2 2 4
D log3 2x + 3 = 2
2x – 1
2x + 3 = 32
1
logp 9 2 + logp 81 4 = 2
1
logp 3(3) = 2
8
2x – 1 p2 = 9
2x + 3 = 18x – 9 p2 = 32
16x = 12
p = 3
x = 3
4
(d) Diberi log2 3 = 1.585 dan log2 5 = 2.322, cari nilai bagi setiap yang berikut.
Given log2 3 = 1.585 and log2 5 = 2.322, find the value of each of the following.
(i) log2 360 = log2 (5 × 8 × 9) (ii) log2 33.75
= log2 (5 × 23 × 32)
= log2 5 + 3 log2 2 + 2 log2 3 log2 135 = log2 135 – log2 4
4 = log (5 × 33) – log 22
= 2.322 + 3 + 2(1.585) 2 2
(a) Diberi logx 2 = h dan logx 3 = k, ungkapkan log6 12 (b) Diberi y = pxn – 24 dan y = –8 apabila x = 2 dan
dalam sebutan h dan k. y = 104 apabila x = 4, cari nilai p dan nilai n.
L
Given logx 2 = h and logx 3 = k, express log6 12 in terms
of h and k.
Given y = pxn – 24 and y = –8 when x = 2 and y = 104
when x = 4, find the value of p and of n. E
log6 12 =
logx 12
y = pxn – 24
(2, –8) → –8 = p(2)n – 24 M
B
logx 6 p(2)n = 16 ……… 1
logx(4 × 3) (4, 104) → 104 = p(4)n – 24
=
A
logx(2 × 3) p(2)2n = 128 ……… 2
2 p(2)2n
=
logx(22 × 3) : = 128
R
logx(2 × 3) 1 p(2)n 16
(2)2n – n = 8
2 logx 2 + logx 3
A
= 2n = 23
logx 2 + logx 3
n = 3
2h + k Gantikan n = 3 ke dalam 1:
N
=
h+k p(2)3 = 16
p = 2
(a)
Bilangan bakteria yang ada dalam suatu (b) Selepas n tahun, gaji tahunan Hasnul ialah
kultur selepas t minit diberi oleh persamaan RM22 900 21 . Hitung bilangan tahun dengan
n
1 2
P
B
Q(t) = Q0e0.04t
di mana Q0 mewakili bilangan awal 20
bakteria. Cari masa yang diambil untuk bilangan keadaan gaji tahunannya melebihi RM35 000
bakteria bercambah daripada 500 kepada 2 000. untuk kali pertama.
1 21
20 2
D
n
The number of bacteria present in a culture after t After n years, Hasnul’s salary is RM22 900 .
minutes is given by the equation Q(t) = Q0e0.04t where
Q0 represents the initial number of bacteria. Find the Calculate the number of years such that his salary
time taken for the bacteria count to grow from 500 to exceed RM35 000 for the first time.
2 000.
Q(t) = Q0e0.04t
22 900 21 . 35 000
201 2
n
9
21 . 350
1 2
n
2 000 = 500e0.04t
4 = e0.04t 20 229
log10 21 . log10 350
1 2
n
ln 4 = 0.04t ln e
20 229
ln 4 = 0.04t
1.386 = 0.04t n log10 . log10 350
21
20 229
t = 34.66 minit n(0.0212) . 0.1842
n . 8.689
\ n = 9 tahun
N
n . 5.67
n = 6
10
=
S3 = 4
7
2–1
(ii) Kedai elektronik Gamma menjual 140 buah komputer pada bulan Mac dan bertambah sebanyak 10
buah komputer pada setiap bulan berikutnya. Nyatakan bulan apabila kedua-dua kedai elektronik
Beta dan Gamma menjual bilangan komputer yang sama.
The electronic shop Gamma sells 140 computers in the month of March and increased by 10 computers for every
subsequent month. State the month when both electronic computers Beta and Gamma sell the same number of
computers.
(i) T8 = a + 7d = 190
x + 7y = 190 …… 1
L
S12 = 12 [2x + 11y] = 1 920
2 2x + 11y = 320 …… 2
E
1 × 2:
3 – 2: 3y = 60
2x + 14y = 380 …… 3
M
Gantikan y = 20 ke adalam 1.
y = 20
B
x + 7(20) = 190
x = 50
R
a = 120
TBeta = TGamma
A
50 + (n – 1)(20) = 120 + (n – 1)(10)
50 + 20n – 20 = 120 + 10n – 10
N
10n = 80
n = 8
Kedua-dua kedai elektronik menjual bilangan komputer yang sama pada bulan Ogos.
(b) Sebuah trak menghantar 250 kg sayur-sayuran segar ke pasar pada hari Isnin. Sepanjang minggu
tersebut bermula dari hari Isnin hingga hari Sabtu, trak itu menghantar sayur-sayuran segar dengan
P pertambahan jisim sayur-sayuran sebanyak 20% setiap hari bagi hari yang berikutnya.
A truck delivers 250 kg fresh vegetables to the market on Monday. Throughout the whole week from Monday to
Saturday, the truck delivers the fresh vegetables with a 20% increase in the mass of vegetables each day for the
B subsequent days.
(i) Hitung jisim sayur-sayuran segar yang dihantar, dalam kg, pada hari kelima.
Calculate the mass of fresh vegetables delivered, in kg, for the fifth day.
D (ii) Cari jumlah jisim sayur-sayuran segar, dalam kg, yang dihantar oleh trak itu dalam satu bulan.
[Andaikan bulan tersebut mempunyai 4 minggu].
Find the total mass of fresh vegetables, in kg, delivered by the truck in a month. [Assume that the month has 4
weeks].
= 518.4 kg 1.2 – 1
= 2 482.48
Jumlah jisim dalam satu bulan
= 2 482.4 × 4
= 9 929.92 kg
M
(i) xy
(i) m = 7 – 1 Y = mX + c
2–0 xy = 3(x2) + 1
(2, 7)
6
y = 3x + 1
=
= 3
2 x B
1
x2
c = 1
A
R
O
lg y 5
(ii) (ii) m = 5 – 0
–
lg y = lg x 4 + lg 105
5
= – 5
0–4
lg y = lg 105 x
–
5
4 A
c = 5
4
y = 105 x
–
5
4 N
Y = mX + c
y = 105
5
lg x
O 4 lg y = – 5 (lg x) + 5 x4
4
13
and y are related by the equation = 1 – 2 , find the value of p and of q.
y x
log5 y
(b) Rajah menunjukkan garis lurus yang diperoleh dengan memplotkan log5 y
melawan log5 x. Pemboleh ubah x dan y dihubungkan oleh persamaan y = axn (3, 7)
dengan keadaan a dan n ialah pemalar. Cari nilai a dan n.
The diagram shows the straight line obtained when log5 y is plotted against log5 x. Variables
x and y are related by the equation y = axn such that a and n are constants. Find the value
of a and of n.
(1, 1)
log5 x
O
y = axn
c = log5 a
L log5 y = n log5 x + log5 a = –2
a = 5–2
E kecerunan = n = 7 – 1
= 3
3–1 = 1
25
M
Y = 3X + c melalui (1, 1)
1 = 3(1) + c
\ a = 1 dan n = 3
25
B c = –2
A (c) Rajah 1 dan Rajah 2 menunjukkan graf yang diukis oleh dua orang pelajar daripada persamaan tak
R
linear yang sama.
Diagram 1 and Diagram 2 show the graphs drawn by two students from the same non-linear equation.
A y2 1
y2
N
(2, 10)
x
O y
xy (1, –1.5)
P
O
Rajah 1/ Diagram 1
Rajah 2/ Diagram 2
D
Rajah 1: y2 = m(xy) + c …… 1
Gantikan (2, 10) ke dalam 1:
10 = m(2) + c …… 2
4 × 2:
2:
Tolak:
2 = 2m – 3c
10 = 2m + c
–8 = –4c
1 ÷ y2: y2 = m (xy) + c2 c = 2
2
14
y y2 y Ganti c = 2 ke dalam 2:
10 = 2m + 2
1 = m x + c 12 …… 3
1 2 1 2
y y m = 4
Gantikan (1, –1.5) ke dalam 3: Persamaan tak linear yang asal ialah y2 = 4xy + 2.
1 = m(1) + c(–1.5) …… 4
Selesaikan persamaan serentak 2 dan 4:
10 = 2m + c …… 2
1 = m – 1.5c …… 4
Jadual menunjukkan nilai-nilai pemboleh ubah, x dan y yang diperoleh daripada satu eksperimen.
The table shows the values of two variables, x and y obtained from an experiment.
x 1 2 3 4 5 L
y 3 0 –9 –24 –45
y = 3kx dengan p dan k ialah pemalar.
E
M
Pemboleh ubah x dan y dihubungkan oleh persamaan
y
p+x
The variables x and y are related by the equation p + x = 3kx where p and k are constants.
(i) Tukarkan persamaan y = 3kx ke dalam bentuk linear Y = mX + c. Seterusnya, lukis garis lurus
penyuaian terbaik. p+x
B
y
Convert the equation p + x = 3kx into the linear form Y = mX + c. Hence, draw the line of best fit. A
(ii) Daripada graf anda di (i), cari nilai p dan nilai k.
From your graph in (i), find the values of p and of k. R
y y = 3kx
(i)
A
N
x
p+x
y = 3kx(p + x)
y = 3kpx + 3kx2
÷ x: y = 3kp + (3k)x
x
y
Y = , X = x,
x
m = 3k
c = 3kp
P
x
y
1 2 3 4 5 B
x 3 0 –3 –6 –9
D
(ii) m = 6 – (–6) = –3
0–4
3k = –3
k = –1
15
c = 3kp = 6
3(–1)p = 6
p = –2
\ p = –2, k = –1
E
(a) Cari persamaan garis lurus yang berserenjang dengan garis lurus 3x + 6y = 1 dan melalui titik P(3, –4).
Find the equation of the straight line that is perpendicular to straight line 3x + 6y = 1 and passes through point
P(3, –4).
M 3x + 6y = 1
6y = –3x + 1
Kedua-dua garis adalah berserenjang.
m1m2 = –1
Persamaan garis lurus ialah
y – (–4) = 2(x – 3)
B y = – 1 x + 1
2 6
– 1 m2 = –1
2
y + 4 = 2x – 6
y = 2x – 10
A m1 = – 1
2
m2 = 2
R (b) Cari persamaan bagi lokus titik P(x, y) yang bergerak supaya jaraknya dari dua titik tetap A(2, 3) dan
B(–4, 5) adalah dalam nisbah AP : PB = 1 : 3.
A Find the equation of the locus of a moving point P(x, y) such that its distance from two fixed points A(2, 3) and
B(–4, 5) are in the ratio AP : PB = 1 : 3.
N AP = 1
PB 3
3AP = PB
3√(x – 2)2 + (y – 3)2 = √[x – (–4)]2 + (y – 5)2
9[(x – 2)2 + (y – 3)2] = (x + 4)2 + (y – 5)2
P 9(x – 4x + 4 + y2 – 6y + 9) = x2 + 8x + 16 + y2 – 10y + 25
2
Rajah menunjukkan satu segi empat tepat PQRS yang dilukis pada satah cartes. y
P
Diberi persamaan garis lurus PQ ialah y = x + 2.
16
The diagram shows a rectangle PQRS drawn on a cartesian plane. Given the equation of the
straight line PQ is y = x + 2.
Q(2, 4)
Cari / S(7, k)
Find
(i) nilai k, (ii) persamaan garis lurus PS. R(5, 1)
the value of k, the equation of the straight line PS. O
x
Rajah menunjukkan sebuah trapezium ABCD dengan keadaan BC selari dengan AD dan berserenjang dengan
CD.
The diagram shows a trapezium ABCD such that BC is parallel to AD and perpendicular to CD.
L
C(–2, 4)
y
E
D
M
A(–4, 0) O
x
B
A
R
B(1, –5)
A
(a) Cari koordinat titik D.
Find the coordinates of point D.
(b) Titik E berada di atas garis BC dengan keadaan luas segi tiga ACE ialah 1 luas segi tiga ABE. Cari koordinat
titik E.
Point E lies on BC such that the area of triangle ACE is
1
2
the area of triangle ABE. Find the coordinates of point E.
N
2
mBC = mAD = –3
Persamaan AD: y – 0 = –3(x – (–4))
y = –3x – 12 …… 1
1 × h × CE
2
1 × h × BE
= 1
2
P
mDC = 1
3
2
CE =
BE
1
2
B
Persamaan DC: y – 4 = 1 [x – (–2)]
3
y = 1 x + 14 …… 2
3 3
D
17
Selesaikan persamaan 1 dan 2:
–3x – 12 = 1 x + 14 E = 2(–2) + 1(1) , 2(4) + 1(–5)
3 3
1+21 1+2 2
–9x – 36 = x + 14 –4 + 1 8 – 5
–10x = 50 = =
3
, 1
3 2
x = –5 = (–1, 1)
Gantikan x = –5 ke dalam 1.
y = –3(–5) – 12 \ E((–1, 1)
= 3
\ D(–5,3)
BAB 8: VEKTOR
Tahap Penguasaan Tafsiran
4 Mengaplikasikan pengetahuan dan kemahiran yang sesuai tentang vektor dalam konteks penyelesaian
masalah rutin yang mudah.
E 4
In the diagram, OA = 12a
1
~, OB = 12b~ , OP = 4a
~ and OQ = 4b
~ . Given that
P
R
Q
M
PR = PB, express in terms of a
~ and b
~ ,
4
(i) BP (ii) AR (iii) QR
B Adakah Q, R dan A segaris? Nyatakan nisbah AR : RQ.
Are Q, R and A collinear? State the ratio of AR : RQ.
A B
A
~ 1
= 4a – 12b = 4a = 4a ~ – 4b~ + 3b
~–~a
~ ~ ~ + 4 (12b
~ – 12a ~ – 4a
~) = 3a ~–~ b
N
= –9a
~ + 3b
~
AR = 3b
~ – 9a
~
= 3(b ~ – 3a
~)
= 3RQ
= 3
AR
B
Maka, AR : RQ = 3 : 1
RQ 1
D (b) Diberi bahawa AB = 5~i + 12~j dan CD = 10~i + (m – 3)~j . Cari nilai m jika AB adalah selari dengan CD.
Given that AB = 5~i + 12 j and CD = 10~i + (m – 3) j . Find the value of m if AB is parallel to CD .
~ ~
18
AB = lCD
5~i + 12~j = l[10~i + (m – 3)~j ]
5~i + 12~j = 10l~i + (m – 3)l~j
Bandingkan penyebut,
5 = 10l
l = 1
2
12 = (m – 3)l
12 = (m – 3) 1 1 2
m – 3 = 24 2
m = 27
Dalam rajah, OA = 3a~ dan OB = 5b~. Titik C terletak pada OA dengan keadaan OC : CA = 2 : 1 dan titik D
terletak pada OB dengan keadaan OD : DB = 2 : 3. Garis-garis lurus AD dan BC bersilang pada titik E dengan
keadaan AE = hAD dan BE = k BC , di mana h dan k ialah pemalar. L
In the diagram, OA = 3a ~ and OB = 5b~ . Point C lies on OA such that OC : CA = 2 : 1 and point D lies on OB such that
OD : DB = 2 : 3. Straight lines AD and BC intersect at point E such that AE = hAD and BE = kBC where h and k are
E
constants. M
B
B
D
E A
O
C
A
R
(a) Ungkapkan OE dalam sebutan
Express OE in terms of A
N
(i) h, ~a dan / and ~
b,
(ii) k, ~
a dan / and ~
b.
(b) Seterusnya, cari nilai h dan k.
Hence, find the value of h and of k.
~ + (3 – 3h)a
~
4
~ = k 3 (3a
= 2ka
2
~ + 5b
~) – 5b
~ + (5 – 5k)b
~
~ 3
3 – 3 5 – 5k = 2k
2
4
Masukkan 3 ke dalam 1:
1 2
D
19
6 – 15 + 15k = 4k
–9 = –11k
k = 9
11
Masukkan nilai k ke dalam 3:
5–5 9 1 2
h = 11
2
= 5
11
E
~ –1 ~ 2
Diagram shows a triangular shape playground OPR where OP = p , OQ = q , T
~ ~ Q
M 2 1 6 2 S
OR = 4OQ, PS = PQ and PT =
3 3
PR . Given p
~
=
–1 ~1 2
and q =
2
. 1 2 O P
B (a) Akim berjalan dari titik P ke titik Q. Hitung magnitud yang dilalui oleh Akim.
A
Akim walks from point P to point Q. Calculate the magnitude of his walk.
(b) Lili berlari dari titik P ke titik R. Cari vektor unit lariannya pada arah PR .
Lili runs from point P to point R. Find the unit vector of her runs in the direction of PR .
R (c) Faizal berlari anak dari titik O ke titik T melalui titik S. Tentukan titik-titik O, S dan T adalah segaris.
Faizal jogs from point O to point T and passing through point S. Determine whether points O, S and T are collinear.
A
N
(a) PQ = PO + OQ (b) PR = PO + OR (c) OS = OP + PS
= –OP + OQ = –OP + 4OQ = OP + 2 PQ
= –p + q = –p + 4q 3
~ ~ ~ ~ 2
= p + (–p + q )
= – 6 + 2 = – 6 + 4 21 2 1 2 ~ 3 ~ ~
–1 1 2 1 2
2 –1 2 = 1 p + 2 q
–6 + 8 3~ 3~
–6 + 2 1 2
P 1 2
= =
1+2 1+8 OT = OP + PT
= –4 = 2 1 2 = p + 1 PR
1 2 ~ 3
B 3 9
M
6 cm
Calculate
40° 75° 35°
(i) panjang, dalam cm, SR, (ii) panjang, dalam cm, PQ,
B
the length, in cm, of SR, the length, in cm, of PQ, P Q R
(iii) luas ∆SQR.
A
area of ∆SQR.
(i) SR = 6 (ii) ∠PSQ = 180° – 40° – 105° (iii) ∠QSR = 180° – 75° – 35°
R
sin 75° sin 35° = 35° = 70°
PQ 6
SR = 6 × sin 75°
sin 35°
=
sin 40° Luas ∆SQR
A
sin 35°
= 10.104 cm PQ = 6 × sin 35° = 1 (6)(10.104) sin 70°
sin 40° 2
= 5.354 cm = 28.48 cm2
N
2. Selesaikan setiap yang berikut.
Solve each of the following. 5
(a) Rajah menunjukkan sebuah piramid dengan (b) Rajah menunjukkan sebuah kuboid. Hitung
tapak ∆PQR yang mengufuk. Diberi titik T adalah
7 cm mencancang di atas Q. Cari luas permukaan
∠AHC.
The diagram shows a cuboid. Calculate ∠AHC.
P
satah yang condong.
The diagram shows a pyramid with ∆PQR as a
horizontal base. Given point T is 7 cm vertically above
H G B
Q. Find the area of the inclined plane.
T E
F
D
C
5 cm
D
8 cm
21
Q
10 cm A 6 cm B
8 cm
P R
AC = √82 + 62 = 10 cm
PR = √82 + 102 = 12.81 cm
AH = √52 + 82 = 9.43 cm
PT = √72 + 82 = 10.63 cm
CH = √62 + 52 = 7.81 cm
TR = √72 + 102 = 12.21 cm
AC2 = AH2 + CH2 – 2(AH)(CH) kos ∠AHC
s = 12.81 + 10.63 + 12.21 = 17.83 102 = 9.432 + 7.812 – 2(9.43)(7.81) kos ∠AHC
2
100 = 149.921 – 147.297 kos ∠AHC
Luas ∆PQR
∠AHC = 70°11’
= √17.83(17.83 – 12.81)(17.83 – 10.63)(17.83 – 12.21)
= √17.83(5.02)(7.2)(5.62)
= 60.18 cm2
M two sections. Two adjacent street, AB and AC measuring 100 m and 120 m respectively. A B
100 m
AB is in the easterly direction while AC runs in a north-east direction. The plan for this
development is shown in the diagram.
A (b) Semasa projek pembinaan dijalankan, satu pasukan alam sekitar menegaskan bahawa pokok-pokok
yang wujud tidak boleh ditebang daripada sempadan ketiga. Perkara ini menyulitkan bagi ahli ukur
R untuk mengukur panjang sempadan ketiga. Hitung panjang sempadan ketiga itu.
During the development project, an environmental team specified that existing trees were not to be removed from the
A
third frontage. This made it difficult for the surveyors to measure the length of the third frontage. Calculate the length
of the third frontage.
(c) Kawasan perumahan itu dibahagikan kepada dua bahagian dengan membahagi dua sama sudut di A
N dengan tembok bermula dari A ke sempadan BC. Cari panjang tembok tersebut.
The estate is to be divided into two regions by bisecting the angle at A with a wall running from A to the frontage BC.
Find the length of this wall.
P = 4 242.64 m2
B
(b) BC2 = 1002 + 1202 – 2(100)(120) kos 45°
= 7 429.44
BC = 86.19 m
22 ∠ABC = 79°54’
∠ADB = 180° – 79°54’ – 22.5°
= 77°36’
Katakan panjang tembok = x
x = 100
sin 79°54’ sin 77°36’
x = 100 × sin 79°54’
sin 77°36’
= 100.8 m
M
P10 P12
Indeks harga komponen X × 100 = 115 × 100 = 145
Tahun Price index for X component P09 P09
Year
B
(2009 = 100) 299 × 100 = 115 P12
× 100 = 145
2010 115 P09 260
P12 = RM377
A
P09 = RM260
2011 130
2012 145
R
2. Selesaikan setiap yang berikut.
A
Solve each of the following. 5
(a) Jadual menunjukkan indeks harga bagi dua barangan A dan B. Cari nilai x dan y.
N
The table shows the price indices of two items A and B. Find the values of x and y.
P
2008 (2006 = 100) 2010 (2006 = 100) 2010 (2008 = 100)
A 125 150 x
B 106 y 135
Barang A:
P08 P P
Barang B:
P08 P
B
P06
× 100 = 125 → 08 = 125 → 06 = 100
P10
P06
P
100 P08 125 P06
× 100 = 106 → 08 = 106
P10
P06
P
100
D
× 100 = 150 → 10 = 150 × 100 = 135 → 10 = 135
P06 P06 100 P08 P08 100
x =
P10
P08
× 100 y =
P10
P06
× 100 23
P P P P
= 10 × 06 × 100 = 10 × 08 × 100
P06 P08 P08 P06
Jadual menunjukkan indeks pencemaran bagi empat buah bandar P, Q, R dan S serta peratus pelajar yang
dirawat bagi bandar masing-masing.
L The table shows the pollution indices of four towns P, Q, R and S with percentages of treatment students in the respective
towns.
M
Bandar dirawat
Town tahun 2010 ke tahun 2014 Percentage of treatment
Pollution index in the year 2012 Change in pollution index from students
B
based on the year 2010 the year 2012 to the year 2014
P 112 Menyusut 5% / 5% decreases 10
A Q
R
140
k
Tidak berubah / No change
Menokok 15% / 15% increases
40
20
N (b) Seterusnya, hitung indeks gubahan pencemaran pada tahun 2014 berasaskan tahun 2010.
Hence, calculate the composite pollution index for the year 2014 based on the year 2010.
(c) Hitungkan bilangan maksimum pelajar yang dirawat pada tahun 2014 jika bilangan pelajar yang dirawat
pada tahun 2012 ialah 1 200 orang.
Calculate the maximum number of treated students in the year 2014 if the number of treated students in 2012 is 1 200
students.
P (d) Dari tahun 2014 ke tahun 2016, indeks pencemaran setiap bandar itu meningkat sebanyak 10%. Hitung
peratus perubahan dalam indeks gubahan pencemaran dari tahun 2012 ke tahun 2016.
From the year 2014 to the year 2016, the pollution index of each town increased by 10%. Calculate the percentage of
B (a)
changes of composite pollution index from the year 2012 to the year 2016.
D
100
= 132
20k + 10 620 = 13 200
20k = 2 580
Bandar R: I14/10 = 129w × 1.15 = 148.35
Bandar S: I14/10 = 130
24
100
P14 P = 13 531 = 135.31
(c) × 100 = 135.31 → 14 = 135.31 100
P10 P10 100
P12 P12 132 P16 P
× 100 = 132 → = (d) × 100 = 110 ⇒ 16 = 110
P10 P10 100 P14 P14 100
P P P P16 P P
14 × 100 = 14 × 10 × 100 × 100 = 16 × 14 × 100
P12 P10 P12 P12 P14 P12
= 135.31 × 100 × 100 = 102.51 = 110 × 102.51 × 100
100 132 100 100
P14
× 100 = 102.51 = 112.76
1 200 P14 = 1 230.12
Bilangan maksimum pelajar yang dirawat pada Peratus perubahan = 12.76%
tahun 2014 adalah seramai 1 230 pelajar