Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

Perkembangan teknologi dan

isu mutakhir tentang
Irradiasi Pangan

Purwiyatno Hariyadi
D
Departemen
t Il
Ilmu & Teknologi
T k l i Pangan
P
Fateta IPB

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

Isu mutakhir Tek Pangan - tentang Irradiasi Pangan

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Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

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Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

Irradiasi
• Radiasi = pancaran gelombang (energi)
• Semua gelombang dapat dikarakterisasi dengan frekuensi
(f) dan
d panjang
j gelombangnya
l b (λ).
(λ )
• Kecepatan rambat gelombang tidak dipengaruhi oleh
frekuensinya
f = c/ λ
dimana ,
c = kecpt. cahaya (3 x 1010 cm/sec) dlm hampa.
f = frekuensi (sec-1)
λ = panjang gelombang (cm)
• Energy (E) = h f
h = Kontanta Plank (6.626 x 10-27 ergs sec)

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

Irradiasi Pengion = Ionizing Radiation

• Makin pendek λ = makin tinggi energi
• Cahaya, gel radio, gel mikro (microwave), gel televisi = λ
panjang, energi rendah tidak bisa mempunyai
pengaruh pada atom

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Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

Irradiasi Pengion = Ionizing Radiation

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

Irradiasi Pengion = Ionizing Radiation

• Panjang gelombang (λ) yang semakin pendek

energii yang main
i ti
tinggii
cukup untuk memukul elektron pada struktur atom
ionisasi (radikal bebas)
killing effect (terhadap DNA)
• Energi tidak cukup tinggi untuk “memecah”
memecah inti atom
tidak menyebabkan “radioaktif”

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Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

Irradiasi
• Iradiasi pengion : M → M+ + e-
dimana, M = atom atau molekul

• Gelombang elektromagnet yang bersifat pengion :

• Sinar
Sinar--x,
• Pancaran elektron (electron
(electron beams),
beams),
• sinar katoda (cathode
(cathode rays),
rays),
Sinar--β, dan
• Sinar
• Sinar
S
Sinar--γ.

partikel-α
• Tipe iradiasi lainnya: Neutron, Deuteron dan partikel-
menyebabkan kerusakan bahan pangan.

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

Irradiasi :
Sifat-sifat beberapa radiasi pengion

Penetration : Depth of absorber of unit density (water)

required to reduce radiation intensity
?? by a factor of 1000
Purwiyatno hariyadi/TPG/Fateta/IPB
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Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

Irradiasi :
Sifat-sifat beberapa radiasi pengion

• Sinar Gamma
– Radiasi
elektromagnet yang
dipancarkann oleh
Co-60 dan Cs-137
– Penetrasi dalam dan
seragam ke segala
arah

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

Irradiasi Pangan

• Pemaparan bahan pangan oleh radiasi untuk

keperluan “mengawetkan”
• Telah lama diteliti dan dipelajari
• Aplikasi pada industri terbatas = dibatasi oleh
persepsi konsumen
• Saat ini;; konsumen dunia mulai menunjukkan
j
“ketertarikan”nya terhadap teknologi irradiasi

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Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

Irradiasi Pangan

• Menyebabkan “gangguan” metabolisme internal sel

karena ternjadinya kerusakan ikatan
ikatan-ikatan
ikatan kimia
• Kerusakan DNA menyebabkan sel kehilangan
kemampuan reproduksinya
• “radikal bebas” dibentuk ketika terjadi kontak dengan
bahan pangan yang mengandung air
• R
Radikal
dik l b
bebas
b b berreaksi
k iddengan DNA menyebabkan
b bk
kematian
• DNA merupakan bagian sel yang “radiation sensitive”

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

Dosis Irradiasi
• Dikendalikan oleh “the International Commission on
Radiological Units” Rad
• 1RRad
d = jjumlah
l h iirradiasi
di i yang menyebabkan
b bk 1 g bbahan
h
yang diirradiasi akan menyerap energi sebesar 100 erg
(1 Rad = 100 erg/g)
• Satuan umum “Grey“
• 1 Grey = jumlah irradiasi yang menyebabkan 1 kg
bahan yang diirradiasi akan menyerap energi sebesar 1
joule;
• 1,000 Grey = 1 kGy.
• 100 Rad = 1 Gy

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Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

Dosis Irradiasi

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

Dosis Irradiasi
- Metoda pengukuran iradiasi
• Cloud chamber or darkening of photographic films
• Detection and visualization of tracks of individual
radioactive particles.
• Not much relevance to foods but could be used for safety of
personnel.

• Ionization Chamber - This is also used in Geiger

Geiger--Mueller
counter
counter.
• The chamber is filled with a gas and an electric field is
established between two electrodes.
• The ions are collected on electrodes and radiation is
measured as pulse intensity.

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Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

Dosis Irradiasi
- Metoda pengukuran iradiasi
• Radiation absorbed by food is measured by chemical
dosimeter.
• The standard used is often a calorimetric technique.

• The amount of heat produced by 10 kGy radiation absorbed

by 1 g of water will produce 2.68C temperature increase.

• Oxidation--reduction of metals or organic ions has been used

Oxidation
as indicators.

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

PENGARUH IRRADIASI PADA BAHAN PANGAN

1. Pengaruhnya thd Air

"radiolisis“

gas hydrogen (H2)

air tereksitasi (H2O)* hidrogen peroksida (H2O2)
radikal bebas OH· dan H· air (H2O)
air terionisasi (H2O)+ ion hidronium (H3O+)
elektron terhidrasi (e-aq) ion Hidroxksida (OH-)

Komponen
Bahan
Pangan
(lemak, kh,
protein, dll)
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Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

PENGARUH IRRADIASI PADA BAHAN PANGAN

2. Pengaruhnya thd senyawa non-
non-akueus

• Rantai hidrokarbon (lipid, atau polimer bahan

pengemas).
• - (CH2) → - (CH
(CH··) - + H·
H·
• Senyawa aromatik → stabil
• Pati dan pektin cukup sensitif
• Protein – asam
asam--asam amino tertentu (histidine, asam
amino bersulfur, fenilalanin, dan tirosin) sangat
sensitif.
• Lemak
Lemak.. “ketengikan oksidatif“
• Karbohidrat pencoklatan non-
non-enzimatis

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

PENGARUH IRRADIASI PADA MIKROBA

- memproduksi radikal bebas

- radikal bebas bereraksi dengan protein

dan DNA

- sel mati

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Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

PENGARUH IRRADIASI PADA MIKROBA

D10 : dosis irradiasi

yang menyebabkan
D10,veg bacterium pengurangan jumlah
mikroba dengan faktor 10
D10,yeast D10 dose

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

PENGARUH IRRADIASI PADA MIKROBA

Model inaktivasi mikroba oleh irradiasi bisa juga dinyatakan

sbb :
D
−
D
N = N0 e 0

dimana,
N = jumlah mo setelah iradiasi,
N0 = jumlah mo awal (sebelum iradiasi),
D = Dosis radiasi yang diterima,
diterima dan
D0 = konstanta; tgt jenis mo dan kondisi lingkungan
Konstanta D0 = dosis radiasi yang menyebabkan kematian
mikroba sebanyak 63% populasi.

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Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

PENGARUH IRRADIASI PADA MIKROBA

_______________________________________________________
organisme medium in D10 (Rad)
which irradiated
_______________________________________________________
Bacterial spore
C botulinum A36 buffer 0.33 106
B53 buffer 0.33 106
B57 canned chicken 0.37 106
C. sprogenes 367 water 0.22 106
Veg bacteria
Sal typhimrium buffer 2.0 104
egg yolk 8.0 104
E coli
li b ff
buffer 9 0 103
9.0
Yeast
Sacc cerevisiae saline 5.0 104

Mold
Asp niger saline 4.7 104
MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

PENGARUH IRRADIASI PADA MIKROBA

Organism Dvalue Resistance

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Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI IRRADIASI PADA

BAHAN PANGAN

Irradiasi dosis rendah Menghambat

(sampai 1 kGy) perkecambahan
(1 Gy = 1 Joule/Kg) Menunda pematangan
buah
Dosis medium (1-10 Mengurangi risiko
kGy) patogen dan
meningkatkan
g masa
simpan (keawetan)
Dosis tinggi ( > 10 Strilisasi
kGy)

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI IRRADIASI PADA

BAHAN PANGAN

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Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI IRRADIASI PADA

BAHAN PANGAN

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APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI IRRADIASI PADA

BAHAN PANGAN

Sterilization of foods (radappertizing

(radappertizing))
in hermetically sealed containers
requires 2 - 4 x 106 rad for room temperature storage
doses around 105 rad can be used for pasteurization of
refrigerated foods.
• Waste treatment
• De
De--infestation of grain
grain, dried foods
foods, spices etc
etc., 25
25,000
000 rad
• Sprout inhibitor in potatoes, carrots, onions 15,000 rads
• Accelerated aging of whisky

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Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

Sumber Irradiasi

• Cobalt 60
• Waktu paruh ~ 5 tahun
• Penetrasi lebih dalam daripada elektron
• Lebih murah

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

Sumber Irradiasi

1. Cobalt - 60
Produced by irradiation of Co-
Co-59 in a nuclear
reactor. This has a half-
half-life of 5.27 yr and emits
two γ -rays per disintegration with energies of
1.17 and 1.33 MeV. The metal is formed as strips
and contains more than 100,000 cu per strip.
The food product is irradiated from two sides to
provide uniform dose throughout the container.
container
The dose of irradiation is such that it does not
cause radioactivity in the food.

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Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

Irradiasi

• Cobalt 60 (Gamma
( Radiation)

Cobalt 60

2 5 6 Mrad
2.5-6

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

Sumber Irradiasi
2. Dengan menggunakan Mesin

• Akselerator elektron : mulai untuk aplikasi

non--pangan ((plastik,
non plastik, obat, dan cat).
• Kelemahan?: penetrasi rendah.
• Teknologi baru : banyak dioperasikan secara
komersial.

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Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI IRRADIASI PADA

BAHAN PANGAN TERTENTU :
Efek samping negatif off flavor, tekstur dan
penampakan.
• Masalah off off--flavor pada daging, ikan & unggas (oksidasi
lemak dan degradasi protein) :
• Daging (beef) paling sensitif (pork & poultry lebih stabil).
• Perubahan warna :
daging mentah → coklat
daging masak → pinkish
• Buah/sayuran segar :
.......> kerusakan tekstur & off off--flavor @ > 105 rad
• Produk Dairy : off off--flavor pada susu @ 104 - 5 x 104 rad
• Coklat : off off--flavor @ 5,000 rad
MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI IRRADIASI PADA

BAHAN PANGAN TERTENTU :
Minimisasi Efek samping negatif

1. Gunakan dosis iradiasi rendah

2. Kombinasikan iradiasi dengan panas, atau
perlakuan kimia
3. Iradiasi pada kondisi beku
4. Iradiasi pada kondisi atmosfer yang inert
5. Tambahkan free-
free-radical scavengers, seperti asam
askorbat.

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Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

CONTOH APLIKASI IRRADIASI

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CONTOH APLIKASI IRRADIASI

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Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

CONTOH APLIKASI IRRADIASI

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

CONTOH APLIKASI IRRADIASI

Spices and Dried Vegetable Seasonings
Irradiated spices and dried vegetable seasonings have been
retail marketed in South Africa over the past 10 years and the
volume is increasing. In fact, irradiation is used so routinely by
the spice trade in South Africa that it would be difficult to find
spices treated by some other means (fumigation, heat) in the
country. A variety of processed food (for example, sauces, salad
dressings, sandwich spread) also incorporate irradiated spices
and vegetable seasonings. All irradiated products have to be
labelled with
ith an irradiation logo pl
plus
s the word
ord ‘Rad
‘Radurised’.
rised’ Since
1995, irradiated spices and dried vegetable seasonings have
been marketed at retail levels in Belgium. Irradiated spices,
condiments and seasonings are also available in China.

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Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

CONTOH APLIKASI IRRADIASI

Frog Legs
Because of strict microbiological
g specifications
p in France,,
most, if not all, frog legs marketed in the country have been
treated by irradiation to ensure their hygienic quality. The
product has to be labelled ‘treated by ionization’ and can be
purchased in most French food markets.

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

CONTOH APLIKASI IRRADIASI

Onions, Garlic
Vidalia onions have been irradiated in Florida, to prevent
p
sprouting,g, and marketed at retail level in Chicago
g since 1992.
Irradiated garlic has been sold in increasing quantities in several
cities in China since the early 1990s. During 1995-98, about
166,000 tonnes of garlic were irradiated and marketed across
China. All products are labelled to indicate the treatment.
Chicken
Following the approval of the United States Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) and the quality control programme for
irradiated poultry in 1993, small quantities of irradiated chicken
have been offered for sale in some retail outlets in Florida, Illinois,
Iowa and Kansas with success.

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Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

CONTOH APLIKASI IRRADIASI

Fermented Pork Sausages

Irradiated fermented pork sausages (Nham, a local delicacy in
Thailand which is almost always consumed raw) treated for
Thailand,
controlling pathogenic microorganisms and parasites, are gaining
popularity since their first market trial in 1986. During 1997, about
80 tonnes of Nham were irradiated in Thailand. Increasing
quantities of this irradiated product are being supplied to
supermarkets in Bangkok. In addition to marketing in Bangkok, the
producers have developed new markets in the north and northwest
of Thailand where Nham is a staple part of the dietdiet. There is a
widespread demand for this irradiated product as the risk from
infection by Salmonella and Trichinella spiralis has been removed.
The irradiation logo and a statement indicating irradiation treatment
are required on the label.

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

CONTOH APLIKASI IRRADIASI

Other Food Products
Since a semi-commercial irradiator in Chittagong, Bangladesh
went into operation in 1993, small quantities of irradiated dried fish
(for insect control) have been available in the market in Chittagong
and other cities in Shelf-stable, ready-to-eat meals are
commercially available in South Africa. At present, 12 such meals
are in existence, including beef curry, beef stroganoff, chicken
curry, lasagna and a Malaysian dish called bobotie. These meals
are labelled as irradiated and have a shelf-life of greater than two
years, making them ideal for outdoor activities such as hiking,
camping, yachting, safaris and mountaineering. Successful market
trials of other irradiated foods such as rice, mungbeans, potatoes
andd onions
i iin severall countries
t i iin recentt years will
ill lik
likely
l llead
d tto
further commercialization of irradiated food in the near future. The
actual sale of irradiated food in the market in several countries has
clearly demonstrated that consumers will accept irradiated food if
they have the choice.

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Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

CONTOH APLIKASI IRRADIASI

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Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

FASILITAS IRRADIASI

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FASILITAS IRRADIASI

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MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

Iradiasi Pangan
• Identified byy the FDA and World Health Organization
g
(WHO) as having significant strategic importance for
the future of food safety worldwide
• Non-thermal technology for pasteurization of solid
food
• Improves food Safety and shelf-life economically
• Can kill Salmonella and E.E coli

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Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

ISU IRRADIASI
pertanyaan/persepsi konsumen

Apakah produk pangan yang diiradiasi menjadi

radioaktif?
Bagaimana keamanan personalia/operator fasilitas
irradiasi?
Bagaimana potensi bahaya dari mikroba yang
bertahan (surviving microflora)?
Kehilangan nutrisi?
Perubahan kimia? Beracun? Karsinogenik?
Irradiasi : Pro dan Kontra

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

ISU IRRADIASI pelabelan

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Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

PERSEPSI IRADIASI??

Sejak 9/11 …….

… berubah???
b b h???

Bio--Terrorist?
Bio
MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

PERSEPSI IRADIASI??

Sejak 9/11 …….

… berubah???
b b h???

Penggunaan teknologi iradiasi

menggunakan mesin berkas elektron untuk
proses dekontaminasi surat

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2. Dengan menggunakan Mesin Berkas

Elektron (E-
(E-beam)

E-beam E- E- E- E- E-
accelerator E- E- E- E-

3MeV-12 MeV

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

2. Dengan menggunakan Mesin Berkas

Elektron (E-
(E-beam)

• Akselerator elektron : mulai untuk aplikasi

non--pangan (plastik,
non (plastik, obat, dan cat).
• Low
Low--energy accelerators (150 keV - 2.0 MeV).
• Medium
Medium--energy accelerators (2.5 - 8.0 MeV).
• High
High--energy accelerators (> 9.0 MeV).

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Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

2. Dengan menggunakan Mesin Berkas

Elektron (E-
(E-beam)

☺☺ ☺ ☺
☺ Degradasi beberapa polimer minimal
(paparan lebih singkat)
☺ Tanpa residu
☺ On/Off terkendali
☺ “persepsi lebih aman”

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

2. Dengan menggunakan Mesin Berkas

Elektron (E-
(E-beam)

Tantangan dari segi engineering solved!

Daya penetrasi rendah
“cold p
pasteurization”??? Batasan legal ?
“electronic pasteurization”??? (food authority)

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

Isu mutakhir Tek Pangan - tentang Irradiasi Pangan

28
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

2. Dengan menggunakan Mesin Berkas

Elektron (E-
(E-beam)

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

2. Aplikasi Mesin Berkas Elektron (E

(E--beam)

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

Isu mutakhir Tek Pangan - tentang Irradiasi Pangan

29
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

2. Aplikasi Mesin Berkas Elektron (E

(E--beam)

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

2. Aplikasi Mesin Berkas Elektron (E

(E--beam)

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

Isu mutakhir Tek Pangan - tentang Irradiasi Pangan

30
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

2. Aplikasi Mesin Berkas Elektron (E

(E--beam)

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

2. Aplikasi Mesin Berkas Elektron (E

(E--beam)
Two Side Orange Irradiation

Orange irradiation
type:
one side,
two side or
rotation?

MPTP – IPB 3
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

Isu mutakhir Tek Pangan - tentang Irradiasi Pangan

31
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

2. Aplikasi Mesin Berkas Elektron (E

(E--beam)
Two Side Orange Irradiation

Main requirements:
q
• purpose is orange pasteurization and disinfestation
• electron energy up to 10 MeV
• system includes two modules
• beam power of each module up to 10 kW
• orange diameter 7 cm
• orange weight 170 g
• orange irradiation depth whole volume
• irradiation dose up to 300 Gy

MPTP – IPB 2
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

2. Aplikasi Mesin Berkas Elektron (E

(E--beam)
Two Side Orange Irradiation

D th dose
Depth d distribution
di t ib ti for
f 10 MeV
M V • PProduct
d t thickness
thi k att 10 M
MeV
V
and 1 g/cm3 bulk density:
140
- 2.8 cm at one side irradiation,
120
- 8.0 cm at two side irradiation.
Relative dose, %

100

80
• Optimal electron energy for two
60
side irradiation of 7 cm
40 diameter orange is 8.8 MeV.
20 • Dose non-uniformity at one side
0 irradiation is 100 % -
0 2 4 6 8
Density*depth, g/ccm*cm
unacceptable.
one-side irradiation • Dose non-uniformity at two side
second-side irradiation
double-side irradiation irradiation is 25 %.

MPTP – IPB 4
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

Isu mutakhir Tek Pangan - tentang Irradiasi Pangan

32
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

2. Aplikasi Mesin Berkas Elektron (E

(E--beam)
Two Side Orange Irradiation

There are two independent

irradiation 10 kW systems
irradiated one conveyor.
Oranges go by rows with 7
oranges in each row without
rotation.
300 Gyy required
q dose.
V=1 m/sec conveyor speed.
Scanning frequency 140 Hz.
Scanning width is 50 cm.
Total throughput is 1 T/min.

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

2. Aplikasi Mesin Berkas Elektron (E

(E--beam)

Francisco J. Bueso
(AGEN 689, Texas A &M
University)
MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

Isu mutakhir Tek Pangan - tentang Irradiasi Pangan

33
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

Kesimpulan
• Irradiasi Pangan-
g berpotensi
p menjadi
j bagian
g
penting dari pemecahan masalah keamanan
pangan
• Mesin Berkas Elektron : mempunyai potensi
memenangkan “hati” konsumen
• P
Perlu
l analisis
li i risiko
i ik k
komunikasi
ik i risiko
i ik yang
efektif.

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

Detection Methods for Irradiated Food

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

Isu mutakhir Tek Pangan - tentang Irradiasi Pangan

34
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

ISU IRRADIASI pelabelan

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

Isu mutakhir Tek Pangan - tentang Irradiasi Pangan

35
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506

MPTP – IPB Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- Irradiasi Pangan

Isu mutakhir Tek Pangan - tentang Irradiasi Pangan

36