PLN (Persero)
UNIT PELAKSANA PEMBANGKITAN SEKTOR BUKIT ASAM
Oleh:
M. FATHURRAHMAN
061830200084
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PRAKATA
iii
12. Teman-teman seperjuangan mahasiswa Kerja Praktek POLSRI di PT. PLN
(Persero) Unit Pelaksana Pembangkitan Sektor Bukit Asam Tanjung Enim,
Sumatera Selatan.
13. Semua pihak yang telah membantu penulis dalam menyelesaikan laporan ini yang
tidak dapat disebutkan satu-persatu.
Demikian semoga laporan ini dapat bermanfaat bagi para pembaca dan dapat
menjadi referensi bagi yang membutuhkan nantinya, jika masih ditemukan kekurangan
dalam penulisan laporan ini, kritik dan saran yang membangun sangat penulis berharap
semoga laporan praktek kerja lapangan ini dapat bermanfaat bagi kita semua. Aamiin.
Wassalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh.
Penulis
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DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
HALAMAN JUDUL .................................................................................................... i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ........................................................................................ ii
PRAKATA .................................................................................................................. iii
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................................ v
DAFTAR GAMBAR .............................................................................................viviii
DAFTAR TABEL ....................................................................................................... x
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................ 1
1.1 Latar Belakang .................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Tujuan dan Manfaat .......................................................................................... 2
1.2.1 Tujuan umum ............................................................................................. 2
1.2.2 Tujuan khusus ............................................................................................ 2
1.2.3 Manfaat Kerja Praktek ................................................................................ 3
1.3 Permasalahan dan Pembatasan Masalah ........................................................... 3
1.3.1 Permasalahan……………………………………………………………...3
1.3.2 Pembatasan Masalah……………………………………………………...3
1.4 Waktu dan Tempat Pelaksanaan ....................................................................... 3
1.5 Sistematika Penulisan Laporan ......................................................................... 3
BAB II TINJAUAN UMUM ...................................................................................... 5
2.1 Sejarah Perusahaan PT. PLN (Persero) ............................................................. 5
2.2 Ruang Lingkup Usaha ....................................................................................... 8
2.3 Daerah Produksi ................................................................................................ 9
2.4 Produk ............................................................................................................... 9
2.5 Pemasaran ........................................................................................................ 10
2.6 Moto, Visi dan Misi Perusahaan ..................................................................... 10
2.6.1 Moto ......................................................................................................... 10
2.6.2 Visi ........................................................................................................... 10
2.6.3 Misi........................................................................................................... 10
2.7 Peraturan Kerja ................................................................................................ 11
2.8 Struktur Organisasi .......................................................................................... 12
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BAB III TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ............................................................................. 14
3.1 Prinsip Kerja PLTU ......................................................................................... 14
3.1.1 Perubahan Energi ...................................................................................... 14
3.1.2 Siklus Fluida............................................................................................. 15
3.1.3 Siklus Rankine .......................................................................................... 16
3.1.4 Siklus Uap ................................................................................................ 17
3.2 Bagian-Bagian Utama PLTU .......................................................................... 19
3.2.1 Boiler ........................................................................................................ 19
3.2.2 Turbin uap ................................................................................................ 19
3.2.3 Kondensor ................................................................................................ 20
3.2.4 Generator .................................................................................................. 21
3.2.5 Peralatan Penunjang ................................................................................. 21
3.3 Pengertian Maintenance .................................................................................. 23
3.3.1 Pengertian Preventive Maintenance ......................................................... 23
3.3.2 Pengertian Corrective Maintenance ......................................................... 23
3.4 Pengertian Pompa ............................................................................................ 23
3.4.1 Prinsip Kerja Pompa Vertikal .................................................................. 24
3.4.2 Aplikasi Pompa Vertikal .......................................................................... 25
3.4.3 Pengertian Raw Water Pump.................................................................... 26
BAB IV PEMBAHASAN.......................................................................................... 27
4.1 Spesifikasi Raw Water Pump .......................................................................... 28
4.1.1 Kerusakan Pada Raw Water Pump ........................................................... 28
4.2 Pengertian Untreated Water ............................................................................ 28
4.2.1 Proses Pengolahan Air Baku (Untreated Water) ..................................... 29
4.3 Bagian-Bagian Raw Water Pump .................................................................... 29
4.3.1 Motor ........................................................................................................ 30
4.3.2 Pompa ....................................................................................................... 30
4.3.3 Impeller .................................................................................................... 31
4.3.4 Poros (Shaft) ............................................................................................. 31
4.3.5 Kopling ..................................................................................................... 31
4.3.6 Housing Bearing ...................................................................................... 32
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4.3.7 Bearing ..................................................................................................... 32
4.4 Persiapan Maintenance Raw Water Pump....................................................... 33
4.4.1 Man Tool (Alat Pelindung Diri) ............................................................... 33
4.4.2 Peralatan (Tools) ...................................................................................... 34
4.4.3 Material Yang Digunakan ........................................................................ 37
4.5 Proses Pembongkaran Raw Water Pump ........................................................ 38
4.6 Proses Pemasangan Raw Water Pump ............................................................ 42
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN .................................................................... 48
5.1 Kesimpulan...................................................................................................... 48
5.2 Saran ................................................................................................................ 48
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2. 1 Peta Lokasi PT. PLN (Persero) Unit Pelaksana Pembangkitan Bukit
Asam ........................................................................................................ 8
Gambar 2. 2 Struktur Organisasi ................................................................................. 13
Gambar 3. 1 Proses konversi energi pada PLTU ........................................................ 14
Gambar 3. 2 Siklus fluida kerja sederhana pada PLTU .............................................. 15
Gambar 3. 3 Diagram T – s Siklus PLTU (Siklus Rankine) ....................................... 16
Gambar 3. 4 Siklus uap superheat .............................................................................. 17
Gambar 3. 5 Siklus air - uap PLTU dengan Reheater................................................. 18
Gambar 3. 6 Boiler ...................................................................................................... 19
Gambar 3. 7 Turbin Uap ............................................................................................. 20
Gambar 3. 8 Kondensor .............................................................................................. 20
Gambar 3. 9 Generator ................................................................................................ 21
Gambar 3. 10 Raw Water Pump .................................................................................. 26
Gambar 4. 1 Raw Water Pump .................................................................................... 27
Gambar 4. 2 Proses Water Treatment Plant ............................................................... 29
Gambar 4. 3 Motor Listrik .......................................................................................... 29
Gambar 4. 4 Pompa ..................................................................................................... 30
Gambar 4. 5 Impeller .................................................................................................. 30
Gambar 4. 6 Shaft ........................................................................................................ 31
Gambar 4. 7 Kopling ................................................................................................... 31
Gambar 4. 8 Housing Bearing .................................................................................... 31
Gambar 4. 9 Bearing ................................................................................................... 32
Gambar 4. 10 helm pengaman .................................................................................... 33
Gambar 4. 11 Kacamata Pelindung............................................................................. 33
Gambar 4. 12 ear plug ................................................................................................ 33
Gambar 4. 13 Sarung Tangan...................................................................................... 33
Gambar 4. 14 Safety Shoes .......................................................................................... 34
Gambar 4. 15 Kunci ring pas ...................................................................................... 34
Gambar 4. 16 kunci inggris ......................................................................................... 34
Gambar 4. 17 kunci L.................................................................................................. 35
Gambar 4. 18 sigmat T ................................................................................................ 35
Gambar 4. 19 palu ....................................................................................................... 35
Gambar 4. 20 pahat ..................................................................................................... 36
Gambar 4. 21 Linggis .................................................................................................. 36
Gambar 4. 22 majun .................................................................................................... 36
Gambar 4. 23 sabuk..................................................................................................... 36
Gambar 4. 24 Bearing Baru ........................................................................................ 37
Gambar 4. 25 grease ................................................................................................... 37
Gambar 4. 26 gland packing ....................................................................................... 37
Gambar 4. 27 melepaskan motor listrik ...................................................................... 38
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Gambar 4. 28 melepaskan intermediate casing .......................................................... 38
Gambar 4. 29 melepaskan kopling .............................................................................. 38
Gambar 4. 30 melepaskan housing bearing ................................................................ 39
Gambar 4. 31 melepaskan sambungan discharge ....................................................... 39
Gambar 4. 32 melepaskan pedestal casing ................................................................. 39
Gambar 4. 33 menaikkan pompa ................................................................................ 40
Gambar 4. 34 pembongkaran housing bearing ........................................................... 40
Gambar 4. 35 shaft bearing......................................................................................... 40
Gambar 4. 36 analisis kerusakan bearing ................................................................... 41
Gambar 4. 37 penggantian bearing baru ..................................................................... 41
Gambar 4. 38 kondisi housing bearing yang telah dibersihkan .................................. 41
Gambar 4. 39 shaft bearing yang telah terpasang bearing baru .................................. 42
Gambar 4. 40 memasukkan shaft bearing pada housing bearing ............................... 42
Gambar 4. 41 pelumasan bearing menggunakan grease ............................................ 42
Gambar 4. 42 memasukkan pompa ............................................................................. 43
Gambar 4. 43 pemasangan pedestal casing ................................................................ 43
Gambar 4. 44 menurunkan pompa .............................................................................. 44
Gambar 4. 45 pemasangan kembali saluran discharge ............................................... 44
Gambar 4. 46 pemasangan housing bearing ............................................................... 45
Gambar 4. 47 pemasangan kopling dan gland packing .............................................. 45
Gambar 4. 48 melakukan pengukuran adjusting pada pompa .................................... 46
Gambar 4. 49 pemasangan intermediate casing dan motor listrik .............................. 46
Gambar 4. 50 pompa siap beroperasi (stand by) ......................................................... 47
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 4. 1 spesifikasi raw water pump ....................................................................... 28
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BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
1
2
1.3.1 Permasalahan
1. Faktor yang mempengaruhi kerusakan pada Raw Water Pump
2. Sebab akibat yang akan terjadi jika Raw Water Pump tidak dilakukan
Maintenance
1. BAB I PENDAHULUAN
Pada bab ini merupakan secara umum, ringkas, dan padat yang mencakup latar
belakang, tujuan, manfaat, rumusan masalah, batasan masalah, waktu dan tempat
pelaksanaan, metode pengambilan data dan sistematika penulisan laporan.
2. BAB II TINJAUAN UMUM PERUSAHAAN
Pada bab ini menjelaskan tentang profil perusahaan secara umum dan bidang
usahanya serta sejarah singkat perusahaan yang dijadikan tempat kerja praktek.
3. BAB III LANDASAN TEORI
Pada bab ini berisi mengenai teori pengantar seperti pengenalan profil
perusahaan tempat kerja praktek secara singkat serta teori-teori pengantar sesuai
dengan topik yang diangkat penulis.
4. BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
Pada bab ini berisikan pembahasan atau permasalahan yang diangkat oleh
penulis yaitu Maintenance pada Raw Water Pump.
5. BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
Pada bab ini berisikan kesimpulan dan isi laporan yang dibuat oleh penulis serta
saran yang disampaikan oleh penulis pada laporan kerja praktek ini.