Pma4107 20182 Pddengankoefisienlinearrita2019
Pma4107 20182 Pddengankoefisienlinearrita2019
Contoh Soal:
1. (x + y + 3) dx + (2x + 2y – 4) dy = 0
Jawab:
Perhatikan : 2x + 2y = 2 (x + y)
Misal : z = x + y dz = dx + dy dy = dz – dx
(z +3) dx + (2 z – 4) (dz – dx) = 0
(z +3 – 2z + 4) dx + (2z – 4) dz = 0
(- z + 7) dx + (2z – 4) dz = 0 : (- z + 7)
(2 z – 4) 10
dx+ dz = 0 dx +(- 2 + ¿ dz=0
(−z +7) (−z +7)
10
∫ dx+∫−2 dz +∫ (−z +7) ¿ dz =∫ 0 ¿
x – 2 z – 10 ln│-z + 7│ = C
x – 2x –2y – 10 ln│-x - y + 7│ = C
–x –2y – 10 ln│-x - y + 7│ = C x + y + 10 ln│-x - y + 7│ = C
1) (4x– 4y + 1) dx + (x –y + 3) dy = 0
Misal : z = x –y dz = dx –dy dx = dz + dy
(4z + 1)(dz +dy) + (z + 3) dy = 0
(4z + 1)dz + (z + 3+ 4z +1) dy = 0
(4z + 1)dz + (5z + 4) dy = 0 : (5z + 4)
( 4 z+ 1)
dz+ dy=0
(5 z +4)
( 4 z +1)
∫ (5 z +4 ) dz + ∫ dy=∫ 0
4 −11
∫ ( 5 ¿ 5 ( 5 z +4 ) ) dz +∫ dy=∫ 0 ¿
4 11
∫ 5 dz −∫ 5 ( 5 z+ 4 ) dz +∫ dy=∫ 0
4 −11
z ln│ 5 z + 4 │+ y = ln C
5 25
4 11
(x - y) + y − ln │5 x−5 y +4 │ =ln C
5 25
4 x y 11
+ − ln │5 x−5 y +4 │ =ln C
5 5 25
Soal - soal :
Tentukan solusi umum dari PD dengan koefisien-koefisien linear di bawah ini!
1. (2x +y -1) dx + (6x + 3y +2) dy = 0
2. (9x – 6y +4) dx + (3x – 2y +1) dy = 0
3. (x + 3y +2) dx + (4x + 12 y + 5) dy = 0
4. (2x – 5y +3) dx + (4x – 10y + 2) dy = 0
5. (6x +12 y + 1) dx + (x + 2y – 2) dy = 0
6. (4x – y + 2) dx + (8x – 2y – 3) dy = 0
7. (5x + y – 4) dx + (10x + 2y + 5) dy =0
8. (8x +6y + 1) dx +(4x + 3y – 1) dy = 0
9. (3x + 2y – 5) dx + (9x +6y + 2) dy =0
10. (10 x – 2 y + 3) dx + (5x – y – 4) dy = 0
a b
3. Bila ≠ ; c ≠ 0, r≠0
p q
Misal : u = ax + by + c du = a dx + b dy ..........(1)
V = px + qy + r dv = p dx + q dy...........(2)
dx dan dy akan dicari
Cara I : Mencari dx dulu
q.du = aq dx + bq dy ..........(1) x q
b.dv = bp dx + bq dy -......(2) x b
(q du – b dv )
q du – b dv = (aq – bp) dx dx =
(aq – bp)
Mencari dy
p.du = ap dx + bp dy ........(1) x p
a dv = ap dx + aq dy -..........(2) x a
( p du – a dv) a dv− p du
p du – a dv = (bp – aq ) dy dy = =
(bp – aq) aq−bp
Cara II:
¿ │du b │ │ a du │
│ dv q │ q du−b dv │ p dv │ a dv− p du
dx= = dy = =
│ab│ aq−bp │ab│ aq−bp
│ p q│ │ p q│
Dimasukkan ke dalam PD : u dx + v dy = 0
q du−b dv a dv− p du
u.[ ]+ v.[ ] =0
aq−bp aq−bp
u(q du – b dv) + v(a dv – p du) = 0
(uq – pv) du + (av – bu) dv = 0 PD Homogen u dan v
Contoh Soal:
1. (x + 2y – 1) dx + (2x –y – 3) dy = 0 ..........(1) Tentukan solusi umum PD tersebut
Jawab :
Misalkan : u =x + 2y – 1 du = dx + 2dy
v = 2x – y – 3 dv = 2 dx – dy
│ du 2│
│dv – 1 │ −du−2 dv – du−2 dv du+2 dv
dx = = = =
│ 12 │ – 1−4 −5 5
│2 – 1 │
│ 1 du│
│ 2 dv │ dv−2 du 2 du−dv
dy = = =
│ 1 2│ −5 5
│2−1 │
masuk ke soal PD (1)
(du+ 2 dv) (2 du−dv)
u +v =0 ........(2) x 5
5 5
u (du+ 2 dv)+ v (2 du−dv) = 0
(u + 2v) du + (2u – v) dv = 0 PD Homogen
u
Subtitusi : z = u = v.z du = v dz + z dv
v
(vz + 2v) (v dz + z dv) + (2 vz – v) dv = 0
v(z +2) (v dz + z dv) + v(2 z – 1) dv = 0 : v
(z +2) (v dz + z dv) + (2 z – 1) dv = 0
(z +2) .v dz + (2 z – 1 +z2 + 2z) dv = 0
(z +2) .v dz + (z2 + 4z – 1) dv = 0 : v(z2 + 4z – 1)
(z +2) 1
2 dz + dv=0
( z +4 z −1) v
(z+ 2)
∫ ( z 2 + 4 z−1) dz + ∫ 1v dv = ∫ 0
1
Misal : w = z 2+ 4 z−1 dw=(2 z + 4) dz=2(z+2)dz (z+2)dz = dw
2
1 1 1
∫ 2 . w dw+∫ v dv = ∫ 0
1
ln │ w │+ ln │v │=ln C
2
1
2
ln │ z + 4 z−1 │+ ln │ v │=lnC ×2
2
ln │ z 2 + 4 z−1 │+2 ln │ v │=2 lnC
ln( z 2+ 4 z−1 ¿ v2 =ln C
( z 2+ 4 z−1 ¿ v2 =¿C
2
U U 2
( 2 + 4 −1¿ v = C
V V
(u2 + 4 uv−v2 ¿=C
[(x + 2y – 1)2 + 4 (x + 2y – 1) (2x –y – 3) −¿ (2x –y – 3)2] = C
x2+4y2+4xy -2x -4y+1+8x2- 8y2+12 xy – 20x – 20y +12 – 4 x2- y2+ 4xy+12x-6y-9 =C
5x2 – 5y2+20 xy – 10 x – 30 y + 4= C
5x2 – 5y2+20 xy – 10 x – 30 y = C – 4
5x2 – 5y2+20 xy – 10 x – 30 y = c
u2 +2 u . v – v 2=¿C
(x – y + 8)2 + 2(x – y + 8) (x + y – 5) – (x + y – 5)2= C
(x2+y2- 2xy+16 x–16y+64) + (2x2- 2y2+6x+26y -80)-(x2+y2+25+2xy-10x+10 y -25)= C
2x2 – 2y2 – 4xy + 32 x + 20 y – 41 = C
2x2 – 2y2 – 4xy + 32 x + 20 y = C + 41
2x2 – 2y2 – 4xy + 32 x + 20 y = c
Soal-soal :
Tentukan solusi umum PD dengan variabel-variabel linear di bawah ini !
1) (x + 2y -4) dx + (2x –y + 5) dy = 0
2) (x +y +3) dx + (x – 2y – 4) dy = 0
3) (5x +y – 2) dx + (x – 5y + 1) dy = 0
4) (6x – 2y – 1) dx – (2x + 3y – 2) dy =0
5) (2x – 4y – 5) dx + (5x – y – 6) dy = 0
6) (3x + y – 3) dx + (x – 3y + 7) dy = 0
7) (5x –y +2) dx + (x – 5y – 4) dy = 0
8) (3x + y +4) dx + (x – 3y – 3) dy = 0
9) (4x + y – 7) dx + (x – 4y + 8) dy = 0
10)(2x +y +9) dx + (x – 2y +3) dy = 0