4.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Present Perfect Continuous Tense adalah suatu pola kalimat yang menunjukkan lamanya waktu kegiatan yang mulai
pada waktu lampau dan masih berlangsung hingga waktu sekarang. Keterangan waktu yang biasanya dipakai adalah
seperti : for, since (sama seperti pada Present Perfect Tense), all morning, all day, all week.

Contoh :
1. It has been raining all day. It is still raining right now.
2. You have been studying here for five hours. Why don’t you take a break ?

3. I have (I’ve) been sitting here for two hours

PERBEDAAN ANTARA PRESENT PERFECT TENSE DAN PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
a) They have moved into a new apartment a) I have been sitting here since 7 o’clock
b) I have never seen snow b) I have been studying here for two hours
c) I have already seen that movie c) It has been raining all day
Dalam Present Perfect Tense menyatakan suatu kegiatan Dalam Present Perfect Continuous Tense, menunjukkan
yang terjadi (atau tidak terjadi, seperti pada kalimat b) ) lamanya suatu kegiatan yang mulai terjadi pada waktu yang
sebelum sekarang, pada waktu yang tidak tertentu pada lampau dan berlangsung hingga saat sekarang.
waktu lampau. Keterangan waktu yang pastinya tidak
penting
Bilamana disebutkan keterangan waktu yang pasti, maka
gunakanlah bentuk Simple Past Tense :
d) I saw that movie last night
Present Perfect Tense juga bisa digunakan untuk Pada beberapa kata kerja tertentu (biasanya live, work,
menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang berulang-ulang yang teach), terdapat sedikit atau bahkan tidak ada perbedaan
terjadi sebelum waktu sekarang. Ketentuan waktu pada dalam pengertiannya bilamana menggunakan for dan
tiap-tiap kegiatan tersebut tidaklah penting. since .
Contoh : Contoh :
a) We have had four tests so far this semester. a) I have lived here since 1985
b) I have flown on airplane many times b) I have been living here since 1985
Present Perfect Tense juga bisa digunakan untuk c) He has worked at the same store for ten years
menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang dimulai pada waktu d) He has been working at the same store for ten years
lampau dan berlangsung hingga sekarang, bilamana Pada kalimat di atas, pengertiannya adalah bahwa antara
menggunakan for dan since. a), b) , c) dan d) semuanya itu terjadi sejak pada waktu
Contoh : dulu/lampau dan masih berlangsung/berlanjut hingga saat
a) I have known him for many years sekarang.
b) I have used this same pair of shoes since I was at
Junior High School
Kalimat a) artinya adalah ‘Saya sudah kenal/tahu dia
selama beberapa tahun dan hingga saat ini masih
kenal/tahu. Sedangkan pada kalimat b) ‘Saya telah
menggunakan sepatu yang sama sejak di SMP dan
sekarangpun masih menggunakannya.

POLA KALIMAT
(+) Subject + Have/Has + Been + Verb-ing + Object + Adverb of Place + Adverb of Time
(-) Subject + Have/Has + Not + Been + Verb-ing + Object + Adverb of Place + Adverb of Time
(?) Have/Has + Subject + Been + Verb-ing + Object + Adverb of Place + Adverb of Time
Have = digunakan untuk Subject I, We, You, They
Has = digunakan untuk Subject He, She, It

Contoh :
1. (+) They have been playing volley ball in the field for almost all day
(-) They have not been playing volley ball in the field for almost all day
(?) Have they been playing volley ball in the field for almost all day

2. (+) The baby has been crying for almost ten minutes
(-) The baby has not been crying for almost ten minutes
(?) Has the baby been crying for almost ten minutes

3. (+) He has been talking on the phone for over a half an hour
(-) He has not been talking on the phone for over a half an hour
(?) Has he been talking on the phone for over a half an hour ?
 Exercises:

A. Change the sentences below into the form of Present Perfect Continuous form.
Example : = She has cooked some food for almost two hours
(-) She has not been cooking some food for almost two hours

1. He has worked in that firm for many years

(+) ______________________________________________________________________

2. They have talked for more than an hour

(-) ______________________________________________________________________

3. I have traveled all over Europe

(?) ______________________________________________________________________

4. He has slept for more than ten hours

(-) ______________________________________________________________________

5. It has rained all day long

(+) ______________________________________________________________________

6. He has studied English for many years

(?) ______________________________________________________________________

7. We have used this textbook since January

(-) ______________________________________________________________________

8. She has taught English for ten years

(+) ______________________________________________________________________

9. They have lived in Dallas since 1978

(-) ______________________________________________________________________

10. The two nations have quarreled for many years

(?) ______________________________________________________________________

11. She has taken good care of her parents

(-) ______________________________________________________________________

12. They have looked everywhere for the thief

(+) ______________________________________________________________________

13. He has done very little work recently

(?) ______________________________________________________________________

14. Lynn has worked very hard recently

(-) ______________________________________________________________________

15. You have argued about that for more than an hour

(+) ______________________________________________________________________

B. Change the sentences below beginning with ‘how long’.

Example : = Anita has operated a computer

= How long has Anita operated the computer?

= Andy has been sleeping

= How long has Andy been sleeping?

1. He has been working for that firm

= ________________________________________________________________________

2. They have explored the ancient site of Solomon King

= ________________________________________________________________________

3. They have been living in that same house

= ________________________________________________________________________
4. He has been absent from class

= ________________________________________________________________________

5. She has been studying English

= ________________________________________________________________________

6. They have been arguing

= ________________________________________________________________________

7. They have been friends

= ________________________________________________________________________

8. He has been teaching English since he graduated from college

= ________________________________________________________________________

9. It has been raining like this

= ________________________________________________________________________

10. She has been a citizen

= ________________________________________________________________________

11. He has been attending that school

= ________________________________________________________________________

12. They have occupied that same apartment

= ________________________________________________________________________

13. He has been doing the same kind of work

= ________________________________________________________________________

14. She has been in the hospital

= ________________________________________________________________________

15. They have been driving the taxi

= ________________________________________________________________________

16. The dog has been lying in that corner

= ________________________________________________________________________

17. He has been a school principal

= ________________________________________________________________________

18. She has been waiting for him

= ________________________________________________________________________

19. The children have been playing

= ________________________________________________________________________

20. The doctor has been operating the patient

= ________________________________________________________________________