CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Conditional sentence disebut juga sebagai kalimat pengandaian. Dalam kalimat ini ada klausa yang diawali
dengan kata if. Conditional sentence terdiri dari tipe 0, 1, 2, dan 3 dengan konteks penggunaan yang
berbeda satu sama lain.

Berikut pola struktur masing-masing tipe.

 Zero Conditional:
(if + present simple, ... present simple)  If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.

 First Conditional:
(if + present simple, ... will + V1)  If it rains tomorrow, we'll stay at home.

 Second Conditional:
(if + past simple, ... would + V1)  If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world.

 Third Conditional
(if + past perfect, ... would + have + V3)  If I had slept early, I would have not woken up late.

Struktur Conditional Sentence

Bentuk conditional sentence adalah “If-clause + main clause.” Klausa yang diawali dengan if
atau if-clause merupakan bagian dari kalimat pengandaiannya. Sedangkan main clause, merupakan
konsekuensi atau akibat dari pengandaiannya..

Zero Conditional (Conditional tipe 0)

Tipe ini biasanya disebut sebagai zero conditional sentence. Tipe kalimat ini digunakan untuk
menyampaikan kejadian atau akibat dari suatu sebab. Dalam kalimat zero conditional ada hubungan logis
sebab-akibat atau kebenaran umum (general truth) yang disampaikan pembicara. Kalimat tipe ini juga
dipakai untuk hal-hal yang mengandung fakta ilmiah serta hal-hal yang merupakan kebiasaan atau rutinitas
seseorang.

Kalimat zero conditional berbentuk present tense dengan rumus: if + simple present, simple present.

Contoh:

 If we burn paper, it becomes ash.

 If you heat water to 100°, it boils.
 If I’m tired, I go to bed early.
 We get sleepy if we don’t sleep.
 The grass gets wet if it rains.
 If you mix red and blue, you get purple.

Kalimat zero conditional juga sering dipakai untuk menyampaikan pesan, perintah, atau permintaan
seseorang. Dalam konteks ini pembicara juga menggunakan kata kerja imperative pada main clause.

Contoh:

 If Kusoy phones, tell him to meet me at the cafe.

 Ask Mukidi if you're not sure what to do.
 If you want to come, call me before 4 pm.
First Conditional (Conditional tipe 1)

Kalimat first conditional merupakan bentuk kalimat pengandaian yang digunakan untuk menyampaikan
suatu hal di masa mendatang. Pada bagian main clause nya, bentuk kalimat first conditional menggunakan
bentuk simple future.

Pola atau rumus dari kalimat ini adalah:

if + present simple, S + will + V1

Contoh:

 If I meet him, I will introduce myself.

 I will cook dinner tonight if you clean the house.
 If you rest, you will feel better.
 If it rains, I will stay at home.
 If he gives her chocolate, she will be happy.
 If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the library.

Second Conditional (Conditional tipe 2)

Kalimat second conditional merupakan kalimat pengandaian yang digunakan ketika pembicara
menyampaikan hal-hal yang tidak menjadi kenyataan pada saat ini atau pada masa mendatang.
Pola atau rumus yang digunakan adalah:

if + past simple, S + would/might/could + V1

Contoh:

 If I owned a zoo, I might let people interact with the animals more.
 If I were you, I would continue my study.
 If I had time, I would go with you.
 If she met her mother, she would be very happy.
 If it rained tomorrow, I would sleep all day.
 If I were you, I’d tell him the truth.

EXERCISES

I. Correctly match the parts of the sentences to make zero conditional sentences.

1. If you heat water, a. it produces greenhouse gases

2. If people don't eat or drink, b. the sea level rises
3. If I am late, c. they become extinct
4. If you have a toothache, d. the greenhouse effect gets worse.
5. When factories use fossil fuels, e. it boils.
6. When you burn oil, f. you save up energy
7. When people cut down trees, g. my father takes me to school.
8. When icebergs melt, h. it is deforestation
9. If you use air conditioning wisely, i. you visit the dentist
10. If people don’t protect animals, j. eventually they die.
II. Complete the sentences with the verb in brackets. Use the first conditional.

Example: Bruno will prepare the dinner if he comes home.

1. If my uncle comes to visit, he.......................... (give) us a present.

2. If it doesn’t rain, we.......................... (go) to the beach.
3. If you don’t try, you.......................... (not succeed).
4. We will turn on the heater if it.......................... (get) too cold.
5. You won’t understand the questions unless you.......................... (read) the book.

III. Rewrite the sentences and use the second conditional. Keep the same meaning.

Example:
My car is out of order. I won't drive you there.
 If my car wasn't out of order, I would drive you there.

1. I don't know his address. I can't contact him.

If I .............................. his address, I could contact him.

2. He is ill. He can't go skiing.

If he wasn't ill, he ........................... skiing.

3. He doesn't like tomatoes. He won't eat the salad.

If he .......................... tomatoes, he would eat the salad.

4. I travel on my own because I speak English.

I wouldn't travel on my own if I ........................................... English.

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