GOLONGAN

DARAH ABO
METODE
A1,A2,A3,B1,
B2
 KELOMPOK 8

A B C D
YARED
INEZ
VELISSHIA UMBU MARIA
MELANI
TIBA CAROLINA
LESMONO
21300030 21300031 MARAK
21300032 21300033
GOL.DARAH A GOL.DARAH O GOL.DARAH AB GOL.DARAH O
GOLONGAN DARAH
 GOLONGAN DARAH ABO
Golongan Darah Subgroup golongan darah merupakan
polimorfisme yang terdapat dalam darah, tetapi biasanya terbatas
pada antigen permukaan sel darah, terutama sel darah merah.
Subgroup A lebih sering ditemukan daripada subgroup B.
Subgroups ialah phenotype ABO yang berbeda dalam jumlah
antigen yang ada pada sel darah merahnya, sebagai akibat produk
yg kurang efektif dari enzim glycosyltransferase. Identifikasi subgrup
menjadi penting karena dapat terjadi kesalahan identifikasi
golongan darah subgrup A2 menjadi golongan darah O, dan jika
ditransfusikan kepada resipien dengan golongan darah O akan
menimbulkan reaksi transfusi.
MENGAPA IDENTIFIKASI SUBGROUP ABO
PENTING PADA TRANSFUSI DARAH ?
Identifikasi subgroup menjadi penting karena dapat terjadi
kesalahan identifikasi golongan darah subgroup A2 menjadi
golongan darah O dan jika ditransfusikan kepada resipien
dengan golongan darah O akan menimbulkan reaksi transfusi.
 SUBGROUP A
Group A mempunyai phenotype yang berbeda dengan golongan A.
Perbedaanya terdapat dalam jumlah antigen A pada sel darah merah dan
secretor yang antigennya dapat diperiksa melalui saliva. Pada tahun 1911 von
Dungern menemukan 2 antigen A yang berbeda, yaitu A1 dan A2.
• A1 mempunyai A dan A1 antigen.
• A2 hanya mempunyai A antigen.
Pada tahun 1936 Friedenreich menemukan A3 kemudian Ax, Am. Aend dll.
• Ax, Ael, Aint atau A3 jarang terlihat pada praktek transfusi darah. Secara umum
diaglutinasi oleh anti-AB (human), tetapi tidak oleh anti-A.
 SUBGROUP B
Subgroup B adalah sebuah fenotip darah yang sangat langka. Banyak dari individu
yang memiliki Bx (B Subgroup), darahnya ditulis sebagai golongan O karena
antigen B sangat lemah hadir pada sel membran,yang mana tidak dapat dideteksi
jika Anti-B lemah digunakan dalam pemeriksaan. Adanya perbedaan kekuatan
reaksi terjadi dengan anti-B dan anti-AB. Anti-B lectin membedakan true B antigen
dengan acquired B - like Ag. True B antigen bereaksi dengan anti-B lectin,
sedangkan acquired B-like antigen tidak bereaksi. Selain itu, kasus subgroup B
(Bx) pertama pernah terdeteksi di Bangladesh.
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Introduction
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun
and the smallest one in the Solar
System—it’s only a bit larger than our
Moon. The planet’s name has nothing to
do with the liquid metal since it was
named after the Roman messenger god,
Mercury
Vascular system
supplies oxygen
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 Vascular system

Anatomy Physiology
Mercury is the closest planet to the Venus has a beautiful name and is the
Sun and the smallest one in the Solar second planet from the Sun. It’s hot
System and the second-brightest
 Circulatory system
Lungs
Mercury is the
Liver smallest planet
Venus has high
temperatures
Heart
Mars is actually a
Kidneys cold place

Saturn is a gas giant

with rings
Digestive
Neptune is very far
from the Sun
A picture is
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 Blood vessels
02 You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
 Blood vessels

Classes Arteries Arterioles

Mercury is the closest planet to Venus is the second planet Despite being red, Mars is
the Sun and the smallest from the Sun actually a cold place

Veins Venules Capillaries

Jupiter is the biggest planet of Saturn is composed of Neptune is the farthest planet
them all hydrogen and helium from the Sun
 Structure of blood vessels
Tunica interna
01 Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the
smallest in the Solar System

Tunica media
02 Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet
from the Sun

Tunica externa
03 Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place. It’s
full of iron oxide dust
 How vessels work

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 Anatomy of the vasculature

Arterial system Venous system Capillaries

Mercury is the closest planet to Despite being red, Mars is Venus has a beautiful name and
the Sun and the smallest in the actually a cold place. It’s full of is the second planet from the
Solar System iron oxide dust Sun
 Arterial system
Major branches off the aorta
Area of the aorta Arterial branches

Aortic arch Brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian

Thoracic aorta Bronchial, pericardial, oesophageal, mediastinal, posterior intercostal

Coeliac, phrenic, superior and inferior mesenteric, suprarenal, renal, gonadal,

Abdominal aorta
lumbar, middle sacral, common iliac
Venous system
Elastic Reservoir of
vessels blood
Venus is the second Jupiter is the biggest
planet from the Sun planet of them all

Have large Don’t need

lumen elastin
Despite being red, Mars Saturn is a gas giant
is a cold place and has several rings
 Between capillary & tissue

Oncotic pressure
Venus has a beautiful name and is the
second planet from the Sun

Hydrostatic pressure
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and
the smallest one in the Solar System
Starling principle

Ernest Starling, 1896

Mercury is the closest planet to the
Sun and the smallest one in the Solar
System—it’s only a bit larger than the
Moon
Awesome
words
 Brain vessels

Vessels of the
upper limb Heart

Lung
vessels
Bowel
vessels
Our blood
Mercury is the closest planet to
Liver Renal blood
vessels the Sun and the smallest one in the
vessels
Solar System—it’s only a bit
Capillars larger than the Moon

Vessels of the
lower limb
Blood in numbers

100,000 times
the average heart “beats” each day

2,000 gallons
of blood pumped
 Blood volume

Arteries
12% Venus is the second planet from the Sun

Capillaries
7% Jupiter is the biggest planet of them all

Veins
60% Despite being red, Mars is a cold place
Our team

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Fluid

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Learn more about
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 Alternative resources
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