LAPORAN RESMI

PRAKTIKUM TEKNIK PENGENDALIAN AIR TAMBANG

Disusun oleh:

Nama : Mustafa Wadi

NIM : 2009056043
Program Studi : S1 Teknik Pertambangan
Kelompok : 7 (Tujuh)

LABORATORIUM TEKNOLOGI MINERAL DAN BATUBARA

FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS MULAWARMAN

SAMARINDA
2023

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 LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
PRAKTIKUM TEKNIK PENGENDALIAN AIR TAMBANG

Nama : Mustafa Wadi

NIM : 2009056043
Prodi : S1 Teknik Pertambangan
Kelompok : 7 (Tujuh)

Telah menyelesaikan Praktikum Teknik Pengendalian Air Tambang, Fakultas Teknik,

Universitas Mulawarman di Samarinda
Tahun 2023.

Laporan ini sebagai salah satu syarat kelulusan Praktikum Teknik Pengendalian Air
Tambang

Samarinda, 30 April 2023

Praktikan,

Mustafa Wadi
NIM. 2009056043

Disetujui oleh,
Penanggung Jawab Praktikum Teknik Pengendalian Air Tambang

Reza Ferdyan
NIM. 1909056019

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 LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
PRAKTIKUM TEKNIK PENGENDALIAN AIR TAMBANG

Nama : Musafa Wadi

NIM : 2009056043
Prodi : S1 Teknik Pertambangan
Kelompok : 7 (Tujuh)

Telah disetujui dan dinyatakan memenuhi syarat

Samarinda, 30 April 2023

Mengetahui dan Disahkan oleh,

Koordinator Laboratorium Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Mulawarman

Irvan Erika Pangestu

NIM. 1909056025

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 KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur saya panjatkan kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa. Yang senantiasa
melimpahkan rahmat dan karunia-Nya. Sehingga pada akhirnya “Laporan Resmi
Praktikum Teknik Pengendalian Air Tambang” ini dapat diselesaikan dengan baik dan
tepat pada waktunya.

Tujuan dari penulisan “Laporan Resmi Teknik Pengendalian Air Tambang” ini adalah
untuk memenuhi syarat dalam mengikuti ujian praktikum Teknik Pengendalian Air
Tambang. Selain itu, semoga laporan ini dapat membantu rekan-rekan mahasiswa lain
untuk dapat digunakan sebagai literature tambahan.

Tidak lupa kami mengucapkan terima kasih pada semua pihak yang telah membantu
selama praktikum hingga tersusunnya laporan ini khususnya kepada dosen pembimbing,
koordinator praktikum dan asisten praktikum yang telah membimbing dan mengarahkan
kami dalam praktikum serta dalam penulisan laporan ini.

Apabila dalam penyajian laporan ini masih ada kekurangan, kritik dan saran yang
membantu dari pembaca sekalian akan sangat diharapkan untuk perbaikan dalam
pembuatan laporan selanjutnya. Akhir kata, penulis mengucapkan terima kasih.

Samarinda, 30 April 2023

Penyusun,

Mustafa Wadi
NIM. 2009056043

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 DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN COVER .............................................................................. i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ...................................................................... ii
KATA PENGANTAR .............................................................................iv
DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................ v
DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................... xii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ..............................................................................xiii
ACARA I MENGHITUNG RATA – RATA CURAH HUJAN...... 1
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................ 3
1.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................... 3
1.2 Tujuan ................................................................................................ 4
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ................................................................... 5
2.1 Pengertian Curah Hujan ..................................................................... 5
2.2 Siklus Hidrologi ................................................................................. 5
2.3 Sifat Air Tanah dan Aliran Permukaan ............................................. 6
2.4 Jenis – Jenis Hujan ........................................................................... 6
2.5 Curah Hujan Efektif .......................................................................... 6
2.6 Penelitian Terdahulu ......................................................................... 7
BAB III METODOLOGI PERCOBAAN .................................................... 8
3.1 Alat dan Bahan .................................................................................. 8
3.1.1 Alat ................................................................................................... 8
3.1.2 Bahan ................................................................................................. 8
3.2 Prosedur Percobaan ........................................................................... 8
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ........................................................ 9
4.1 Tabel Hasil Pengamatan ................................................................... 9
4.2 Perhitungan ........................................................................................ 9
4.2.1 Metode Aritmatik............................................................................... 9
4.2.2 Metode Poligon .................................................................................. 10
4.2.3 Metode Isohet..................................................................................... 10
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4.3 Pembahasan........................................................................................ 11
BAB V PENUTUP......................................................................................... 14
5.1 Kesimpulan ....................................................................................... 14
5.2 Saran................................................................................................... 14
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................ 15
LAMPIRAN ............................................................................................................... 16

ACARA II AIR ASAM TAMBANG................................................... 20

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................ 22
1.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................... 22
1.2 Tujuan ................................................................................................ 23
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .................................................................. 24
2.1 Pengertian Air Asam Tambang ......................................................... 24
2.2 Pengelolaan Air Asam Tambang ....................................................... 24
2.3 Proses Pembentukan Air Asam Tambang (AAT) ............................. 25
2.4 Penanggulangan Air Asam Tambang (AAT)..................................... 25
2.5 Warna Endapan .................................................................................. 26
2.6 Mutu Air Berdasarkan Kelas.............................................................. 26
2.7 Penelitian Terdahulu ......................................................................... 27
BAB III METODOLOGI PERCOBAAN .................................................... 30
3.1 Alat dan Bahan .................................................................................. 30
3.1.1 Alat .................................................................................................... 30
3.1.2 Bahan ................................................................................................. 30
3.2 Prosedur Percobaan ........................................................................... 30
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ........................................................ 32
4.1 Tabel Hasil Pengamatan ................................................................... 32
4.2 Perhitungan ........................................................................................ 32
4.2.1 Kenaikan PH Air Asam Tambang...................................................... 32
4.2.2 Kenaikan TDS Air Asam Tambang.................................................... 33
4.3 Pembahasan ....................................................................................... 34
BAB V PENUTUP......................................................................................... 36
5.1 Kesimpulan ....................................................................................... 36

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5.2 Saran................................................................................................... 36
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................ 37
LAMPIRAN ............................................................................................................... 39

ACARA III PENENTUAN DAERAH TANGKAPAN HUJAN

(CATCHMENT AREA)..................................................... 42
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................ 44
1.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................... 44
1.2 Tujuan ................................................................................................ 45
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ................................................................... 46
2.1 Daerah Tangkapan Hujan ................................................................. 46
2.2 Intensitas Curah Hujan Monoable...................................................... 46
2.3 Tambang Terbuka Catchment Area ................................................... 47
2.4 Faktor – Faktor Yang Dapat Mempengaruhi Curah Hujan ............... 47
2.5 Penelitian Terdahulu .......................................................................... 47
2.6 Nilai Reduced Standart Deviation (Sn) dan Nilai Reduced Mean
(Yn) ................................................................................................... 49
2.7 Nilai Reduced Variate (Yt) ................................................................ 49
2.8 Nilai Koefisien Aliran ....................................................................... 49
BAB III METODOLOGI PERCOBAAN .................................................... 51
3.1 Alat dan Bahan .................................................................................. 51
3.1.1 Alat .................................................................................................... 51
3.1.2 Bahan ................................................................................................. 51
3.2 Prosedur Percobaan ........................................................................... 51
3.2.1 Pembuatan Peta Penggunaan Lahan .................................................. 51
3.2.2 Pembuatan Peta Kemiringan Lereng.................................................. 52
3.2.3 Pembuatan Peta Catchment Area ..................................................... 53
3.2.4 Perhitungan Metode Gumbel ............................................................. 55
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ........................................................ 56
4.1 Tabel Hasil Pengamatan ................................................................... 56
4.1.1 Data Curah Hujan............................................................................... 56
4.1.2 Data Luas Wilayah............................................................................. 56

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4.2 Perhitungan ........................................................................................ 56
4.2.1 Data Hasil Perhitungan ...................................................................... 56
4.2.2 Derajat Kepercayaan .......................................................................... 57
4.2.3 Kelas Distribusi ................................................................................. 57
4.2.4 Uji Kuadrat Gumbel .......................................................................... 57
4.2.5 Pembahasan Uji Chi Kuadrat ............................................................ 58
4.2.6 Intensitas Curah Hujan....................................................................... 58
4.2.7 Debit Total.......................................................................................... 58
4.3 Pembahasan ....................................................................................... 60
BAB V PENUTUP......................................................................................... 62
5.1 Kesimpulan ....................................................................................... 62
5.2 Saran .................................................................................................. 62
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................ 63
LAMPIRAN ............................................................................................................... 65

ACARA IV ANALISIS DEBIT POMPA ............................................ 69

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................ 71
1.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................... 71
1.2 Tujuan ................................................................................................ 72
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ................................................................... 73
2.1 Pompa ................................................................................................ 73
2.2 Head Statik ........................................................................................ 73
2.3 Pompa Paralel Dan Seri ..................................................................... 74
2.4 Penelitian Terdahulu........................................................................... 74
BAB III METODOLOGI PERCOBAAN .................................................... 76
3.1 Alat dan Bahan .................................................................................. 76
3.1.1 Alat .................................................................................................... 76
3.1.2 Bahan ................................................................................................. 76
3.2 Prosedur Percobaan ........................................................................... 76
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ........................................................ 78
4.1 Tabel Hasil Pengamatan ................................................................... 78
4.2 Perhitungan ........................................................................................ 78

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4.2.1 Debit Total Inpit ................................................................................ 78
4.2.2 Sump .................................................................................................. 78
4.2.3 Pompa ................................................................................................ 79
4.3 Pembahasan ....................................................................................... 82
BAB V PENUTUP......................................................................................... 85
5.1 Kesimpulan ....................................................................................... 85
5.2 Saran .................................................................................................. 85
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................ 86
LAMPIRAN ............................................................................................................... 87

ACARA V HEAD TOTAL POMPA .................................................... 90

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................ 92
1.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................... 92
1.2 Tujuan ................................................................................................ 93
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ................................................................... 94
2.1 Pompa ................................................................................................ 94
2.2 Head Total.......................................................................................... 94
2.3 Discharge ........................................................................................... 95
2.4 Julang Total........................................................................................ 95
2.5 Penelitian Terdahulu .......................................................................... 96
BAB III METODOLOGI PERCOBAAN .................................................... 97
3.1 Alat dan Bahan .................................................................................. 97
3.1.1 Alat .................................................................................................... 97
3.1.2 Bahan ................................................................................................. 97
3.2 Prosedur Percobaan ........................................................................... 97
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ........................................................ 99
4.1 Tabel Hasil Pengamatan ................................................................... 99
4.1.1 Tabel Uji Distribusi Probabilitas ...................................................... 99
4.1.2 Tabel Debit Limpasan Outpit ........................................................... 99
4.1.3 Tabel Debit Limpasan Inpit .............................................................. 100
4.1.4 Tabel Spesifikasi Pompa .................................................................. 100
4.1.5 Tabel Flow Rate Pompa ................................................................... 101

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4.2 Perhitungan ........................................................................................ 102
4.2.1 Rekomendasi Rpm ............................................................................. 102
4.2.2 Tabel Kebutuhan Pompa ................................................................... 102
4.3 Pembahasan ....................................................................................... 104
BAB V PENUTUP......................................................................................... 105
5.1 Kesimpulan ....................................................................................... 105
5.2 Saran .................................................................................................. 105
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................ 106
LAMPIRAN ............................................................................................................... 107

ACARA VI EROSIVITAS ..................................................................109

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................ 111
1.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................... 111
1.2 Tujuan ................................................................................................ 112
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ................................................................... 113
2.1 Erosivitas ........................................................................................... 113
2.2 Jenis – Jenis Erosi .............................................................................. 113
2.3 Faktor Erosivitas ................................................................................ 114
2.4 Penelitian Terdahulu........................................................................... 115
BAB III METODOLOGI PERCOBAAN .................................................... 116
3.1 Alat dan Bahan .................................................................................. 116
3.1.1 Alat .................................................................................................... 116
3.1.2 Bahan ................................................................................................. 116
3.2 Prosedur Percobaan ........................................................................... 116
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ........................................................ 117
4.1 Data Hasil Pengamatan ..................................................................... 117
4.2 Perhitungan ........................................................................................ 117
4.2.1 Faktor Erosivitas ............................................................................... 117
4.2.2 Faktor Erodibilitas.............................................................................. 117
4.2.3 Kemiringan Lereng............................................................................. 118
4.2.4 Erosi Permukaan................................................................................. 118
4.3 Pembahasan........................................................................................ 118

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BAB V PENUTUP......................................................................................... 119
5.1 Kesimpulan ....................................................................................... 119
5.2 Saran .................................................................................................. 119
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................ 120
LAMPIRAN ............................................................................................................... 121

ACARA VII SALURAN TERBUKA ................................................124

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................ 126
1.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................... 126
1.2 Tujuan ................................................................................................ 127
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ................................................................... 128
2.1 Saluran Terbuka ................................................................................. 128
2.2 Penyempitan Saluran.......................................................................... 129
2.3 Kapasitas Saluran............................................................................... 129
2.4 Sistem Penyaliran Tambang............................................................... 129
2.5 Penelitian Terdahulu .......................................................................... 130
BAB III METODOLOGI PERCOBAAN .................................................... 131
3.1 Alat dan Bahan .................................................................................. 131
3.1.1 Alat .................................................................................................... 131
3.1.2 Bahan ................................................................................................. 131
3.2 Prosedur Percobaan ........................................................................... 131
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ........................................................ 132
4.1 Tabel Hasil Pengamatan ................................................................... 132
4.2 Perhitungan ........................................................................................ 132
4.3 Pembahasan ....................................................................................... 134
BAB V PENUTUP ........................................................................................ 135
5.1 Kesimpulan......................................................................................... 135
5.2 Saran .................................................................................................. 135
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................ 136
LAMPIRAN ............................................................................................................... 137

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 DAFTAR TABEL

ACARA I MENGHITUNG RATA – RATA CURAH HUJAN

Tabel 4.1 Data Hasil Pengamatan ...................................................................... 9
Tabel 4.2 Perhitungan Metode Aritmatik .......................................................... 9
Tabel 4.3 Perhitungan Metode Poligon ............................................................. 10
Tabel 4.4 Perhitungan Metode Isohet ................................................................ 11
Tabel 4.5 Curah Hujan Rata-rata Per Bulan Wilayah Kalimantan Timur ......... 11

ACARA II AIR ASAM TAMBANG

Tabel 2.1 Arti Dan Pengaruh Warna Endapan Setelah Di Uji Dengan
Elektrolisa Air ................................................................................... 26
Tabel 2.2 Standart Mutu Air Berdasarkan Kelas (PP No. 82 Tahun 2001) ...... 26
Tabel 4.1 Hasil Pengamatan .............................................................................. 32

ACARA III PENENTUAN DAERAH TANGKAPAN HUJAN

(CATCHMENT AREA)
Tabel 2.1 Nilai Reduced Standart Deviation (Sn) dan Nilai Reduced Mean
(Yn) .................................................................................................... 49
Tabel 2.2 Nilai Reduced Variate (Yt) ................................................................ 49
Tabel 2.3 Nilai Koefisien Aliran ....................................................................... 49
Tabel 4.1 Data Curah Hujan .............................................................................. 56
Tabel 4.2 Data Luas Wilayah ............................................................................ 56
Tabel 4.3 Data Hasil Perhitungan ...................................................................... 57
Tabel 4.4 Data Derajat Kepercayaan ................................................................. 57
Tabel 4.5 Kelas Distribusi ................................................................................. 57
Tabel 4.6 Uji Kuadrat Gumbel .......................................................................... 57
Tabel 4.7 Pembahasan Uji CHI Kuadrat Gumbel ............................................. 58
Tabel 4.8 Intensitas Curah Hujan ...................................................................... 58
Tabel 4.9 Debit Lokasi Pemukiman .................................................................. 58

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Tabel 4.10 Debit Lokasi Perkebunan .................................................................. 59
Tabel 4.11 Debit Lokasi Pertanian Lahan Kering Campur ................................. 59
Tabel 4.12 Debit Total ......................................................................................... 59

ACARA IV ANALISIS DEBIT POMPA

Tabel 4.1 Data Hasil Pengamatan ...................................................................... 78
Tabel 4.2 Debit Total Inpit ................................................................................ 78
Tabel 4.3 Sump .................................................................................................. 78
Tabel 4.4 Plan Dimensi Sump ........................................................................... 79
Tabel 4.5 Volume .............................................................................................. 79
Tabel 4.6 Kebutuhan Pompa ............................................................................. 79
Tabel 4.7 Hasil Perhitungan Pompa .................................................................. 80

ACARA V HEAD TOTAL POMPA

Tabel 4.1 Uji Distrubusi Probabilitas ............................................................... 99
Tabel 4.2 Debit Lokasi Pemukiman .................................................................. 99
Tabel 4.3 Debit Lokasi Perkebunan .................................................................. 99
Tabel 4.4 Debit Lokasi Pertanian Lahan Kering ............................................... 100
Tabel 4.5 Debit Total ......................................................................................... 100
Tabel 4.6 Debit Total Inpit ................................................................................ 100
Tabel 4.7 Spesifikasi Pompa ............................................................................. 100
Tabel 4.8 Flow Rate Pompa .............................................................................. 101
Tabel 4.9 Rekomendasi RPM ............................................................................ 102
Tabel 4.10 Kebutuhan Pompa ............................................................................. 102

ACARA VI EROSIVITAS
Tabel 4.1 Data Hasil Pengamatan ..................................................................... 117

ACARA VI SALURAN TERBUKA

Tabel 4.1 Data Hasil Pengamatan ..................................................................... 132

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 DAFTAR GAMBAR

ACARA I MENGHITUNG RATA – RATA CURAH HUJAN

Gambar 4.1 Grafik Curah Hujan Wilayah Kalimantan Timur ............................. 13

ACARA II AIR ASAM TAMBANG

Gambar 4.1 Grafik Nilai PH dan TDS .................................................................. 35

ACARA IV ANALISIS DEBIT POMPA

Gambar 4.1 Sump Berbentuk Balok Tampak Atas ................................................. 79
Gambar 4.2 Sump Berbentuk Balok Tampak Samping .......................................... 79
Gambar 4.3 Grafik Hubungan Total Dynamic Head Dengan Flow Rate................ 83
Gambar 4.4 Grafik Tdh & Flow Rate Gabungan Dengan Mf Pump ...................... 83

ACARA V HEAD TOTAL POMPA

Gambar 4.1 Grafik SRC MF 90............................................................................... 104

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