Fnstarnd hi kd Ipnhimnakaeíd

Kds prnmirds dpraxnmdgnabis d kas istuhnas ipnhimnak÷engas luirab ridknzdhds par

Fnp÷grdtis (8<:-755 DG) mastr÷ priagupdgn÷b par hagumibtdr kds hnliribgnds ib
kd hnstrn`ugn÷b hi kds iblirmihdhis sieÿb kds istdgnabis, kd ihdh hi kas
dligtdhas, kas hnliribtis gknmds, kas fä`ntas qui kds pirsabds tuvnirdb a kd
gabstntugn÷b lísngd hi ikkds. Nbgkusa dguô÷ ik tîrmnba "ipnhimnab", qui snebnlngd
iblirmihdh qui vnsntd kd gamubnhdh, y hik gudk si arnenbd kd pdkd`rd
Ipnhimnakaeíd.

Hurdbti ik rinbdha hik impirdhar Oustnbndba, ibtri kas snekas \ y \N h.g., kd tirrn`ki
pkded qui dzat÷ dk mubha yd rign`n÷ ik bam`ri erniea hi "ipnhimnd".

Wneka VN\ Unbskaw gabhuoa d kd dgiptdgn÷b ubnvirsdk -dubqui tahdvíd ib ik äm`nta

papukdr- hi kd hagtrnbd hik gabtdena Kas isluirzas par gampribhir kd bdturdkizd
hi kds iblirmihdhis y su hisdrrakka ibtri kd pa`kdgn÷b gabhuoirab d kd
ikd`ardgn÷b hi hnvirsds a`rds mîhngds hurdbti kas snekas nbmihndtdmibti
pastirnaris dk Pibdgnmnibta.

Ib 498<, Enrakdma Lrdgdstara pu`kng÷, ib \ibignd, ik kn`ra Hi gabtdenabi it

gabtdenasns mar`ns it iarum gurdtnabi , ib habhi par prnmird viz hisgrn`i tahds
kds iblirmihdhis qui ib isi mamibta pahídb gdknlngdrsi gama gabtdenasds lui ik
prnmira ib istd`kigir gkdrdmibti ik gabgipta hi iblirmihdh gabtdenasd.

496:, ik mîhnga lrdbgîs Eunkkdumi hi @dnkkau

@dnkkau pu`kng÷ ik kn`ra Ipnhimnarum ("sa`ri
kds ipnhimnds") gabtibnibha ubd rikdgn÷b gampkitd hi kds ipnhimnds hi
sdrdmpn÷b, hnltirnd y pisti `u`÷bngd.

Ba lui fdstd ik sneka V\NN gudbha Oafb Erdubt (4<0:-4<58) impiz÷ d istuhndr kds
gdusds hi kd martdknhdh ib ik sibtnha ipnhimnak÷enga dgtudk d pdrtnr hik rienstra
`rntäbnga hi muirtis. Unkkndm Ldrr (46:5-4667) nbtrahuoa par prnmird viz tîgbngds
istdhístngds dk dbäknsns hi kd martdknhdh, snibha gabsnhirdha ik pdhri hi kd
`naistdhístngd.
Ik bdgnmnibta hi kds istdhístngds sdbntdrnds ganbgnhi gab kds figfds par ik nbekîs
Xfamds Wyhibfdm, ibtri 4<9: y 4<5<. Kas trd`doas hi isti dutar risuktdrab
isibgndkis pdrd rigabagir d istds pdtakaeíds gama ibtnhdhis hnstnbtds y hnirab
arneib dk snstimd dgtudk hi gkdsnlngdgn÷b hi iblirmihdhis.

Kds istdhístngds sa`ri kd iblirmihdh tuvnirab nmpartdbgnd prägtngd fdstd ik sneka

VNV, su hisdrrakka ird ub dvdbgi larmnhd`ki pdrd kd îpagd. Kd mnsmd lrdsi "kiy hi
kd iblirmihdh" nbvntd`d d larmukdr kas pra`kimds hi sdkuh ib larmd mdtimätngd,
eibirdknzdbha istuhnas sa`ri kd gdusd hi kas pdhignmnibtas y muirtis ibtri kd
pa`kdgn÷b. Kd `ÿsquihd hi "kiyis hi kd iblirmihdh" lui ubd dgtnvnhdh
pirmdbibti fdstd ik lnbdk hik sneka VNV, y gabtrn`uy÷ dk hisdrrakka hi kd istdhístngd
mahirbd.

Oafb Wfaw, pdrd hisgu`rnr ik migdbnsma hi trdbsmnsn÷b hik g÷kird ib 46983kkie÷

d hitirmnbdr g÷ma gabtrakdr ub `rati ipnhîmnga hi istd iblirmihdh ib kd`drrndhd
hik Girra ib kd gnuhdh hi Kd Fd`dbd.

Zdrd lnbdkis hik Wneka V\NNN kd dpdrngn÷b hi kd tiaríd mngra`nak÷engd (Pa`irt Cagf) y
hi kd tiaríd hi kd hilngnibgnd hi mngrabutrnibtis gama gdusd hi kd iblirmihdh
(Gdsnmnr Lubc) alrignirab ub mahika nbtikigtudk pdrd kd ixpkngdgn÷b ubngdusdk hi
kds pdtakaeíds prihamnbdbtis fdgnd lnbdkis hik sneka pdsdha.

468: Kauns \nkkirmî ib Lrdbgnd, Puhakpf \nrgfaw ib Dkimdbnd y Unkkndm Ldrr ib

Nbekdtirrd fd`ídb a`sirvdha y hagumibtdha hnliribgnds batarnds ib kd prisibgnd
hi kds iblirmihdhis y hi kd ixpigtdtnvd hi vnhd ibtri hnliribtis pa`kdgnabis,
gabgkuyibha qui ba s÷ka kd prisibgnd hi ub deibti gdusdk ispigílnga snba tdm`nîb
kds hisneudkhdhis sagndkis ib ik maha hi vnhd ur`dba nbhustrndknzdha y kd
hierdhdgn÷b hik mihna dm`nibti gabtrn`uídb nmpartdbtimibti ib kd eibirdgn÷b hi
kds iblirmihdhis. Gab ista sibtdrab kds `dsis pdrd kd mahirbd Ipnhimnakaeíd
sagndk qui si lubhdmibtd ib kd muktngdusdknhdh pdrd kas ivibtas hi sdkuh.

D mihndhas hi
h i isti sneka Kidvik y Gkdrgc prapusnirab ub mahika ixpkngdtnva pdrd
kd dpdrngn÷b hi iblirmihdhis kkdmdha kd Fnstarnd Bdturdk hi kd Iblirmihdh. Isti
mahika ldgnkntd kd gampribsn÷b hi vdrndhds gdusds dgtudbha snmuktä- bidmibti, dk