B

Cause & Effect

The reason or mo ve, for

an ac on

Cause

Why something happens

Happens first

Example:
It rained

Result or conclusion of an
ac on

Effect
What happened

Happens due to a cause

Example
I got wet

Kelas XI SMA/MA/SMK/MAK

76 Kelas XI SMA/MA/SMK/MAK
 A Led To B Cause Led to Effect

ü To find a cause, ask, why did this happen?

ü To find an effect, ask, what happened?
ü Example:
It rained, so I got wet.

Signal words Signal words

When we talk about cause, When we talk about an effect
we use the following resul ng from a certain cause,
we use the following
signal words: signal words:

Because As a result
The reason for Then
On account of Hence
Bring about For this reason
Give rise to Therefore
Created by Outcome
Contributed to So
Led to Consequently
Due to Finally
For this reason Therefore
Unless in order to

Bahasa Inggris 77
68 Kelas XI SMA/MA/SMK/MAK Semester 1
Some examples of Cause and Effect rela onships

Sentence Cause & Effect Rela onship

Sumatran gers are almost ex nct
because people killed too many of
them.
Haze is caused by massive forest
burning.
Since they are in love, they forgive each
other’s mistakes.
Early man learnt to grow food, and as
a result, their lives became easier.
Cause - People killed too many of them.
Effect - Sumatran gers almost became
ex nct.
Cause - massive forest burning
Effect - haze
Cause - They are in love
Effect - They forgive each other’s
mistakes
Cause - Early man learnt to grow food
Effect - their lives became easier

Let’s take a look at the sentence structure of cause and effect.

a. Due to, because of, owing to and thanks to are followed by a noun.
Due to
Because of
+ Noun
Owing to
Thanks to

b. Because, since, as, for are followed by a verb.

Because
Since
As Subject + verb
For
As a result of

Examples:
1. Owing to her hard work and intelligence, we won the trophy.
2. Thanks to Si and John’s effec ve planning, the event went well.
3. Because of his hard work, he managed to get the best student award.
4. I have a stomachache because I ate too much food.
5. There was a lot of homework and tests, as a result most of the students
were unhappy and couldn’t go anywhere during the weekend.

68 Kelas XI SMA/MA/SMK/MAK Semester 1

78 Kelas XI SMA/MA/SMK/MAK