Financial Customer Services-2

‰BP‰mwm weRGbm gÅvGbRGg´Ÿ AÅv´£ ÛKGbvjwR (we‰gwU) wkÞvKÌg I cvVÅmƒwP Abyhvqx cÉYxZ ‰es
evsjvG`k KvwiMwi wkÞv êvWÆ KZ‡ÆK 2021-22 wkÞvelÆ ˆ^GK «¼v`k ˆkÉwYi cvVÅcyÕ¦K wnGmGe AbyGgvw`Z|
[ÕÃviK bs@ 57.17.0000.209.41.013.22.176/6; ZvwiL: 03 bGfÁ¼i, 2022 wLË.]
িফন াি য়াল
কা মার সা ভেসস-২
«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
welq ˆKvW: 23228
iPbv
cÉGdmi W. cviGfR mväv` ˆPŒayix gynvÁÃ` nvwdR Avj Avmv`
AaÅvcK (eÅeÕ©vcbv) wewe‰, ‰gwe‰ (wdbÅv´Ö AÅv´£ eÅvswKs)
ˆcÉlGY- KvwiKzjvg weGklæ, RvZxq wkÞvKÌg I cvVÅcyÕ¦K êvWÆ mnKvix AaÅvcK
cÉvÚb mnGhvMx AaÅvcK, KzwgÍÏv wfGÙvwiqv KGjR, KzwgÍÏv wdbÅv´Ö AÅv´£ eÅvswKs wefvM
cÉvÚb cÉfvlK, XvKv KGjR, XvKv; Kwe bRi‚j miKvwi KGjR, XvKv; wgicyi KGjR, XvKv
MdiMuvI miKvwi KGjR, MdiMuvI
mÁ·v`bv
dwi` miKvi ˆgvnvÁÃ` DÍÏvn ˆgŒmyg
wewe‰ (AbvmÆ), ‰gwe‰ (gÅvGbRGg´Ÿ) ‰gwe‰ (wdbÅv´Ö)
cÉfvlK, gKeyj ˆnvGmb ÛKwbKÅvj AÅv´£ cÉfvlK, Šmq`cyi weRGbm gÅvGbRGg´Ÿ BbwÕ¡wUDU,
weRGbm gÅvGbRGg´Ÿ KGjR, bxjdvgvix bxjdvgvix
43, wkÍ¸vPvhÆ Rqbyj AvGew`b moK

(cyivZb 16 kvw¯¦bMi), XvKv
i
cÉmã K^v
wdbÅvw´Öqvj cÉvKwUGmm
ˆKvGmÆi gƒj jÞÅ:
KgÆGÞGòi RbÅ ‰Kzk kZGKi PZz^Æ wkÍ¸ weµÏe DcGhvMx BwZevPK gGbvfvemÁ·®² wdbÅvw´Öqvj KvÕ¡gvi ˆmev
cÉ`vGb mÞg `Þ KgÆx ŠZwi|
welGqi DGókÅ:
1. eÅvswKs-‰i BwZnvm mÁ·GKÆ ævb ‰es eÅvswKs-‰i f„wgKv eÅvLÅv KiGZ cviv;
2. ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsK I evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi f„wgKv mÁ·GKÆ ævb jvf Kiv;
3. eÅvsK wnmve ˆLvjv I cwiPvjbv Kivi c«¬wZ Rvbv ‰es eÅvswKs AfÅvm MGo ZzjGZ DrmvwnZ Kiv;
4. wewf®² cÉKvi eÅvswKs B´ÖUÇ~Gg´Ÿm mÁ·GKÆ aviYv I eÅenvGii `ÞZv jvf Kiv;
5. eÅvsK ZnweGji Drm I eÅenvi mÁ·GKÆ ævb jvf Kiv;
6. ŠeG`wkK wewbgq I ŠeG`wkK eÅemv-evwYGRÅi ˆjbG`b mÁ·GKÆ AeMZ nIqv ‰es `ÞZv ARÆb Kiv;
7. wWwRUvj eÅvswKs ˆmev mÁ·GKÆ `ÞZv jvf Kiv;
8. wewf®² cÉKvi wegv mÁ·GKÆ aviYv I `ÞZv jvf Kiv;
9. gƒjab evRvi I gy`ËvevRvGii aviYv I `ÞZv jvf Kiv;
10. wewf®² cÉKvi nÕ¦v¯¦iGhvMÅ `wjj eÅenvGi `ÞZv ARÆb Kiv;
11. ‰m‰gB FY I ˆmev mÁ·GKÆ aviYv I `ÞZv ARÆb Kiv;
12. Bmjvwg eÅvswKs-‰i KvhÆKÌg mÁ·GKÆ aviYv jvf Kiv;
13. bb-wdbÅvw´Öqvj eÅvswKs KvhÆKÌg mÁ·GKÆ `ÞZv ARÆb Kiv|
cvVÅmƒwP
gwWDj-1: eÅvswKs FY cwiPvjbv
gwWDj-2: eÅvswKs B´ÖUÇ~Gg´Ÿm/Uzjm cwiPvjbv
gwWDj-3: ‰m‰gB ˆmev cÉ`vb
gwWDj-4: bb-eÅvswKs wdbÅvw´Öqvj KvhÆKÌg cwiPvjbv
gwWDj-5: ŠeG`wkK ˆjbG`b cwiPvjbv
gwWDj 1: eÅvswKs FY cwiPvjbv

cÉZÅvwkZ wkLbdj-1.1: eÅvswKs FY AvGe`b diIqvwWÆs KiGZ cviGe
cÉZÅvwkZ wkLbdj-1.2: eÅvswKs FY géyi KiGZ cviGe
eÅenvwiK Ask: cvi`wkÆZv wbYÆvqK: (wcwiqW-20)
1.1.1 eÅvsK FY-‰i RbÅ AvGe`b dgÆ MÉvnKGìGK cÉ`vb KiGe; 1.1.2 cƒiYK‡Z AvGe`b dgÆ hvPvB-evQvB
KiGe; 1.1.3 FGYi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq WKzGg´Ÿm (ÛÇW jvBGm´Ö, wUb bÁ¼i, Qwe, MÅviv´Ÿi-‰i bvg I wVKvbv)
msMÉn ‰es hvPvB-evQvB KiGe; 1.1.4 MÉvnGKi CIB msMÉn Kivi RbÅ mswkÏÓ¡ wefvGM ˆcÉiY KiGe; 1.1.5
hveZxq Z^Åvewj I WKzGg´Ÿm cÉÕ¦ve AvKvGi Ea»ÆZb KZ‡ÆcGÞi wbKU ˆcÉiY KiGe|
1.2.1 mswkÏÓ¡ wefvM nGZ FGYi géywicò msMÉn KiGe; 1.2.2 géywicGò DGÍÏwLZ RvgvbZ/ZdwmjfzÚ mÁ·wî
eÅvsGK e®¬K cÉ`vb KiGe; 1.2.3 AbyGgvw`Z eÅvsK FY MÉvnGKi wnmvGe Rgv/ˆcÉiY KiGe|
iv
Zî½xq Ask: AaÅvq-1: eÅvswKs FY cwiPvjbv
Dc-AaÅvq 1.1: eÅvsK FY (wcwiqW-6)
1.1.1 eÅvsK FY-‰i aviYv; 1.1.2 FY weGkÏlY; 1.1.3 eÅvsK FY-‰i cÉKviGf`; 1.1.4 eÅvsGKi FY`vb c«¬wZ|
Dc-AaÅvq 1.2: eÅvsK RvgvbZ (wcwiqW-8)
1.2.1 eÅvsK RvgvbZ-‰i aviYv; 1.2.2 FGYi SzuwK I ‰i cÉKviGf`; 1.2.3 FY MÉnGYi RbÅ AvewkÅK `wjj;
1.2.4 eÅvsK RvgvbZ-‰i cÉKviGf` I ài‚Z½; 1.2.5 eÅvsKvi-MÉvnK mÁ·KÆ|
Dc-AaÅvq 1.3: FY mÁ·ÉmviGY evwYwRÅK eÅvsK (wcwiqW-4)
1.3.1 FY mÁ·ÉmviGY evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi f„wgKv; 1.3.2 evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi FY wÕ•gmgƒn; 1.3.3 CIB (Credit
Information Bureau)-‰i aviYv|
cÉZÅvwkZ wkLbdj-1.3: FY cÉ`vGbi eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvGii eÅenvi KiGZ cviGe
eÅenvwiK Ask: cvi`wkÆZv wbYÆvqK: (wcwiqW 10)
1.3.1 eÅvsGK eÅen†Z wewf®² eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvimgƒn wPwn×Z KiGe; 1.3.2 FY cÉ`vGb eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvi
eÅenvi KiGe|
Zî½xq Ask: Dc-AaÅvq 1.4: FY cÉ`vb I MÉnGY Õ¼œQZv I wbqgvbyewZÆZv (wcwiqW-4)
1.4.1 eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvi; 1.4.2 FY cÉ`vGb eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvGii eÅenvi|
gwWDj-2: eÅvswKs B´ÖUÇ~Gg´Ÿm/Uzjm cwiPvjbv

cÉZÅvwkZ wkLbdj-2.1: ÛvGKb wWmGcbmvi ˆgwkb cwiPvjbv KiGZ cviGe
2.1.1 ÛvGKb wWmGcbmvi ˆgwkb Ab KiGe; 2.1.2 wWmGµÏ ˆ^GK MÉvnGKi cÉGqvRb Abyhvqx ˆmevi aib wbeÆvPb
KiGe; 2.1.3 ÛvGKb wbGq MÉvnKGK cÉ`vb KiGe; 2.1.4 ÛvGKb wWmGcbmvi ˆgwkb Ad KiGe|
Zî½xq Ask: AaÅvq-2: eÅvswKs B´ÖUÇ~Gg´Ÿm/Uzjm cwiPvjbv
Dc-AaÅvq 2.1: eÅvswKs B´ÖUÇ~Gg´Ÿ (wcwiqW-5)
2.1.1 eÅvswKs B´ÖUÇ~Gg´Ÿ-‰i aviYv; 2.1.2 wewf®² cÉKvi eÅvswKs B´ÖUÇ~Gg´Ÿm; 2.1.3 eÅvswKs B´ÖUÇ~Gg´Ÿm-‰i ài‚Z½;
2.1.4 eÅvswKs B´ÖUÇ~Gg´Ÿm-‰i myweav-Amyweav|
Dc-AaÅvq 2.2: ÛvGKb wWmGcbmvi mÁ·GKÆ aviYv; (wcwiqW-2)
2.2.1 ÛvGKb wWmGcbmvi-‰i eÅenvi; 2.2.2 ÛvGKb wWmGcbmvi-‰i myweav|
cÉZÅvwkZ wkLbdj-2.2: cm (POS) ˆgwkb cwiPvjbv KiGZ cviGe
2.2.1 MÉvnGKi wbKU ˆ^GK KvWÆ MÉnY KiGe; 2.2.2 KvWÆwU cm (POS) ˆgwkGb cÉGek KivGe; 2.2.3 wbaÆvwiZ
UvKvi cwigvY UvBc KiGe; 2.2.4 MÉvnGKi wcb bÁ¼i BbmvUÆ Kivi RbÅ AbyGiva KiGe (ˆMvcbxqZv iÞv
mvGcGÞ); 2.2.5 iwm` msMÉn KGi MÉvnGKi Õ¼vÞi wbGe; 2.2.6 KvWÆwU ˆgwkb ˆ^GK êi KGi MÉvnKGK w`Ge
‰es iwm`wU msiÞY KiGe|
Zî½xq Ask: Dc-AaÅvq 2.3: cm(POS) ˆgwkb (wcwiqW-3)
2.3.1 cm (POS) ˆgwkb mÁ·GKÆ aviYv; 2.3.2 cm (POS) ˆgwkb-‰i eÅenvi c«¬wZ; 2.3.3 cm (POS)
ˆgwkb-‰i myweav-Amyweav|
cÉZÅvwkZ wkLbdj-2.3: ˆdK gvwb wWGUKUi ˆgwkb cwiPvjbv KiGZ cviGe
2.3.1 ˆdK gvwb wWGUKUi ˆgwkGb we`yÅr msGhvM w`Ge; 2.3.2 M†nxZ UvKv ˆgwkGb cÉGek KwiGq myBP Ab
KiGe; 2.3.3 ˆdK gvwb ˆgwkGbi wmMbvj chÆGeÞY KiGe; 2.3.4 ˆdK gvwb cvIqv ˆMGj wbaÆvwiZ wbqGg
MÉvnKGK ˆdiZ w`Ge|
v
Zî½xq Ask: Dc-AaÅvq 2.4: ˆdK gvwb wWGUÙi (wcwiqW-4)
2.4.1 ˆdK gvwb wWGUÙi mÁ·GKÆ aviYv; 2.4.2 ˆdK gvwb wWGUÙi-‰i eÅenvi c«¬wZ; 2.4.3 ˆdK gvwb
wWGUÙi-‰i myweav-Amyweav|
cÉZÅvwkZ wkLbdj-2.4: gvwb KvDw´Ÿs ˆgwkb cwiPvjbv KiGZ cviGe
2.4.1 gvwb KvDw´Ÿs ˆgwkGb we`yÅr msGhvM w`Ge; 2.4.2 M†nxZ UvKv ˆgwkGb cÉGek KwiGq myBP Ab KiGe;
2.4.3 gvwb KvDw´Ÿs ˆgwkGbi wWmGµÏ chÆGeÞY KiGe; 2.4.4 gvwb KvDw´Ÿs ˆgwkGb WzGqj wWmGµÏ eÅenvi KiGe|
Zî½xq Ask: Dc-AaÅvq 2.5: gvwb KvDw´Ÿs ˆgwkb (wcwiqW-3)
2.5.1 gvwb KvDw´Ÿs ˆgwkb mÁ·GKÆ aviYv; 2.5.2 gvwb KvDw´Ÿs ˆgwkb-‰i eÅenvi c«¬wZ; 2.5.3 gvwb KvDw´Ÿs
ˆgwkb-‰i myweav-Amyweav
cÉZÅvwkZ wkLbdj-2.5: ‰wU‰g ˆgwkb cwiPvjbv KiGZ cviGe
2.5.1 wbw`ÆÓ¡ wbqGg ‰wU‰g ˆgwkGb KvWÆwU cÉGek KivGe; 2.5.2 wWmGµÏ ˆ`GL wcb bÁ¼i cÉ`vb KiGe; 2.5.3
wWmGµÏ ˆ^GK cÉGqvRbxq ˆmev wbeÆvPb KiGe; 2.5.4 wWmGµÏGZ cÉGqvRbxq AG^Æi cwigvY wjLGe; 2.5.5 ˆgwkb
ˆ^GK KvWÆwU êi nGj Zv wbGq msiÞY KiGe; 2.5.6 gvwb wiwmU msiÞY KiGe|
Zî½xq Ask: Dc-AaÅvq 2.6: ‰wU‰g ˆgwkb (wcwiqW-3)
2.6.1 ‰wU‰g ˆgwkb mÁ·GKÆ aviYv; 2.6.2 ‰wU‰g ˆgwkb-‰i eÅenvi; 2.6.3 ‰wU‰g ˆgwkb-‰i myweav-Amyweav|
Dc-AaÅvq 2.7: CDM (Cash Deposit Machine) mÁ·GKÆ aviYv(wcwiqW-2)
2.7.1 CDM (Cash Deposit Machine)-‰i eÅenvi c«¬wZ; 2.7.2 CDM (Cash Deposit Machine)-‰i
myweav-Amyweav|
cÉZÅvwkZ wkLbdj-2.6: wWwRUvj jK cwiPvjbv KiGZ cviGe
2.6.1 wWwRUvj jK-‰ wbw`ÆÓ¡ wWwRGUi AsK ewmGq jK KiGe; 2.6.2 wWwRUvj jK-‰ wbw`ÆÓ¡ wWwRGUi AsK
ewmGq jK LyjGe;
2.6.3 wWwRUvj jK-‰i wbivcîv wbwøZ KiGe|
Zî½xq Ask: Dc-AaÅvq 2.8: wWwRUvj jK (wcwiqW-2)
2.8.1 wWwRUvj jK mÁ·GKÆ aviYv; 2.8.2 wWwRUvj jK-‰i eÅenvi; 2.8.3 wWwRUvj jK-‰i myweav-Amyweav|
gwWDj-3: ‰m‰gB ˆmev cÉ`vb

cÉZÅvwkZ wkLbdj-3.1: ‰m‰gB ˆmevi Z^Å msMÉn KiGZ cviGe
cÉZÅvwkZ wkLbdj-3.2: ‰m‰gB ˆmev Z^Å cÉ`vb KiGZ cviGe
3.1.1 MÉvnKGì ‰m‰gB FY-‰i RbÅ AvGe`b dgÆ cÉ`vb KiGe; 3.1.2 ‰m‰gB FY-‰i RbÅ AvGe`b dgÆ
hvPvB-evQvB KiGe; 3.1.3 ‰m‰gB FY-‰i RbÅ AvGe`b msKÌv¯¦ MÉvnKGì ˆhGKvGbv wRævmvi Dîi w`Ge;
3.1.4 ‰m‰gB FY-‰i RbÅ AvGe`b dgÆàGjv FGYi Pvwn`v ˆgvZvGeK c†^K KiGe|
3.2.1 wewf®² cÉKvi ‰m‰gB FY mÁ·GKÆ MÉvnKGì AewnZ KiGe; 3.2.2 MÉvnKGìGK Õ¼ Õ¼ Pvwn`v ˆgvZvGeK
mswkÏÓ¡ KgÆKZÆvi mvG^ ˆhvMvGhvM KivGe; 3.2.3 bZzb ‰m‰gB eÅemvqxGì cÉGqvRbxq Z^Å ‰es MvBW jvBb
cÉ`vb KiGe; 3.2.4 bvix DG`ÅvÚvGì ‰m‰gB eÅemvGq wewf®² FGYi Z^Å w`GZ cviGe; 3.2.5 bZzb
DG`ÅvÚvGì FY`vb cÉwKÌqvi hveZxq Z^Å cÉ`vb KiGe; 3.2.6 ‰m‰gB FGYi meÆGkl Z^Åvw` eÅvsGKi
‰m‰gB ˆnÍ¸ ˆWGÕ• wWmGµÏ êvWÆ-‰ UvwãGq ivLGe|
vi
Zî½xq Ask: AaÅvq-3: ‰m‰gB ˆmev cÉ`vb
Dc-AaÅvq 3.1: ‰m‰gB ˆmev (wcwiqW-4)
3.1.1 ‰m‰gB ˆmevi aviYv; 3.1.2 ‰m‰gB FY; 3.1.3 ‰m‰gB FGYi DGókÅ; 3.1.4 ‰m‰gB FY`vb
c«¬wZ; 3.1.5 wewf®² cÉKvi ‰m‰gB FY|
Dc-AaÅvq 3.2: evsjvG`k eÅvsK-‰i ‰m‰gB ˆmev (wcwiqW-3)
3.2.1 evsjvG`k eÅvsK-‰i ‰m‰gB ˆmevmgƒn; 3.2.2 bZzb DG`ÅvÚvGì FY`vb cÉwKÌqv; 3.2.3 bvix
DG`ÅvÚvGì FY`vb cÉwKÌqv|
gwWDj-4: bb-eÅvswKs wdbÅvw´Öqvj KvhÆKÌg cwiPvjbv

cÉZÅvwkZ wkLbdj-4.1: bb-eÅvswKs wdbÅvw´Öqvj KvhÆKÌGgi AvGe`b msMÉn KiGZ cviGe
cÉZÅvwkZ wkLbdj-4.2: bb-eÅvswKs wdbÅvw´Öqvj KvhÆKÌGgi ˆjvb géyi KiGZ cviGe
4.1.1 MÉvnGKi Pvwn`vgGZv ˆnvg ˆjvb, Kvi ˆjvbmn me aiGbi ˆjvGbi AvGe`bcò cÉ`vb KiGe; 4.1.2
AvGe`bcGòi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx cÉGqvRbxq WKzGg´Ÿ (cvmGcvUÆ mvBGRi dGUv, ‰bAvBwWmn AbÅvbÅ cÉGqvRbxq
WKzGg´Ÿm) msMÉn KiGe; 4.1.3 cƒiYK‡Z AvGe`bcGòi Z^Åvewj hvPvB-evQvB KiGe; 4.1.4 cÉGqvRbxq
WKzGg´Ÿm (`wjj, PzwÚcò BZÅvw`) msiÞY KGi Ea»ÆZb KZ‡ÆcGÞi wbKU ˆcÉiY KiGe; 4.1.5 AbyGgv`Gbi ci
WKzGg´ŸàGjv (`wjj, PzwÚcò BZÅvw`) cÉwZÓ¤vGbi wbqg Abyhvqx msiÞY KiGe|
4.2.1 MÉvnGKi Pvwn`vgGZv wWGcvwRU wÕ•g, ˆmwfsm wÕ•g-‰i AvGe`bcò cÉ`vb KiGe; 4.2.2 AvGe`bcGòi
Pvwn`v Abyhvqx cÉGqvRbxq WKzGg´Ÿ (cvmGcvUÆ mvBGRi dGUv, ‰bAvBwW BZÅvw`) msMÉn KiGe; 4.2.3 cƒiYK‡Z
AvGe`bcGòi Z^Åvewj hvPvB KiGe; 4.2.4 AbyGgv`Gbi RbÅ cƒiYK‡Z AvGe`bcGòi Z^Åvewj Ea»ÆZb KZ‡ÆcGÞi
wbKU ˆcÉiY KiGe; 4.2.5 AbyGgv`Gbi ci MÉvnGKi wbKU ˆ^GK bM` Rgv Aêv eÅvsGKi ˆPK MÉnY KiGe|
Zî½xq Ask: AaÅvq-4: bb-eÅvswKs wdbÅvw´Öqvj KvhÆKÌg cwiPvjbv
Dc-AaÅvq 4.1: bb-eÅvswKs KvhÆvewj (wcwiqW-4)
4.1.1 bb-eÅvswKs KvhÆvewji aviYv; 4.1.2 bb-eÅvswKs Avw^ÆK cÉwZÓ¤vb-‰i aviYv; 4.1.3 bb-eÅvswKs Avw^ÆK
cÉwZÓ¤vb-‰i aib I KvhÆvewj; 4.1.4 eÅemvq cwiPvjbvq bb-eÅvswKs cÉwZÓ¤vGbi KvhÆvewji f„wgKv|
Dc-AaÅvq 4.2: wegv (wcwiqW-4)
4.2.1 wegvi aviYv; 4.2.2 wegvi cÉKviGf`; 4.2.3 wegvi cÉGqvRbxqZv|
Dc-AaÅvq 4.3: SzuwK (wcwiqW-2)
4.3.1 Szwu K I ‰i cÉKviGf`; 4.3.2 ‰´ŸvicÉvBR wiGmvmÆ µÏvwbs (BAviwc)|
gwWDj-5: ŠeG`wkK ˆjbG`b cwiPvjbv
cÉZÅvwkZ wkLbdj-5.1: ŠeG`wkK ˆjbG`b bw^cò msMÉn I hvPvB KiGZ cviGe
cÉZÅvwkZ wkLbdj-5.2: ŠeG`wkK ˆjbG`b wbÓ·®² KiGZ mvnvhÅ KiGZ cviGe
5.1.1 Avg`vwb-iµ¦vwb evwYGRÅi RbÅ ‰jwm ˆLvjvi dgÆ MÉvnKGìGK cÉ`vb KiGe; 5.1.2 cƒiYK‡Z ‰jwm dgÆ
I Z^Å hvPvB-evQvB KiGe; 5.1.3 MÉvnGKi CIB msMÉn Kivi RbÅ mswkÏÓ¡ wefvGM ˆcÉiY KiGe; 5.1.4
ˆKvÁ·vwbi ÛÇW jvBGm´Ö, wUAvB‰b (TIN), fÅvU (VAT) îwRt bÁ¼i, AvBAviwm (Import Registration
Certificate), BAviwm (Export Registration Certificate) hvPvB KiGe|
vii
5.2.1 Supplier's Credit Report msMÉn KiGe; 5.2.2 Avg`vwbGhvMÅ cGYÅi evRvigƒjÅ hvPvB KiGe; 5.2.3
Avg`vwbKviGKi AvGe`Gbi wfwîGZ ‰jwm LyjGZ mnvqZv KiGe; 5.2.4 eÅvsK-‰i ˆKÌwWU kZÆvewj ˆgGb Pjv
wbwøZ Kivi RbÅ bw^ cixÞv KiGe|
Zî½xq Ask: AaÅvq-5: ŠeG`wkK ˆjbG`b cwiPvjbv
Dc-AaÅvq 5.1: ŠeG`wkK ˆjbG`b (wcwiqW-5)
5.1.1 ŠeG`wkK ˆjbG`Gbi aviYv; 5.1.2 ŠeG`wkK wewbgq-‰i msæv; 5.1.3 ŠeG`wkK ˆjbG`Gbi cÉKviGf`;
5.1.4 ŠeG`wkK ˆjbG`Gbi ài‚Z½; 5.1.5 ŠeG`wkK ˆjbG`Gbi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq `wjjvw`|
Dc-AaÅvq 5.2: cÉZÅqcò (wcwiqW-4)
5.2.1 cÉZÅqcò I ‰i cÉKviGf`; 5.2.2 ŠeG`wkK evwYGRÅ cÉZÅqcGòi f„wgKv; 5.2.3 cÉZÅqcGòi mvnvGhÅ Avg`vwb-
iµ¦vwb evwYRÅ; 5.2.4 Supplier's Credit Report-‰i aviYv; 5.2.5 Avg`vwbGhvMÅ cGYÅi evRvi gƒjÅ hvPvB cÉwKÌqv|
gvbe¥Ÿb
cÉk² cÉYqGbi aviv (Zî½xq)
welq: wdbÅvw´Öqvj KvÕ¡gvi mvwfÆGmm-2
Zî½xq 100 bÁ¼i
avivevwnK gƒjÅvqbt 40 bÁ¼i
P„ov¯¦ gƒjÅvqbt 60 bÁ¼i
‘K’ wefvM : 20
cÉwZwU AaÅvq ˆ^GK KgcGÞ 1wU KGi meÆGgvU 8wU (1 nGZ 8 chÆ¯¦) mswÞµ¦ cÉk² ^vKGe, ˆhGKvGbv 4wU
cÉGk²i Dîi w`GZ nGe| 54 = 20 bÁ¼i
‘L’ wefvMt 40
cÉwZwU AaÅvq ˆ^GK KgcGÞ 1wU KGi meÆGgvU 8wU (9 nGZ 16 chÆ¯¦) iPbvgƒjK cÉk² ^vKGe, ˆhGKvGbv
4wU cÉGk²i Dîi w`GZ nGe| 104 = 40 bÁ¼i
we.`Ë: cÉwZwU cÉGk² ‰K/‰KvwaK Ask ^vKGZ cviGe|
cÉk² cÉYqGbi aviv (eÅenvwiK)
welq: wdbÅvw´Öqvj KvÕ¡gvi mvwfÆGmm-2
eÅenvwiK 100 bÁ¼i
avivevwnK gƒjÅvqb: 50 bÁ¼i
P„ov¯¦ gƒjÅvqb: 50 bÁ¼i
eÅenvwiK P„ov¯¦ gƒjÅvqGbi gwWDj wfwîK bÁ¼i webÅvm:
KÌwgK gwWDGji bvg cË`î bÁ¼i ˆgvU bÁ¼i
1 eÅvswKs FY cwiPvjbv
2 eÅvswKs B´ÖUÇ~Gg´Ÿm/Uzjm cwiPvjbv
3 ‰m‰gB ˆmev cÉ`vb
4 bb-eÅvswKs wdbÅvw´Öqvj KvhÆKÌg cwiPvjbv 50
5 ŠeG`wkK ˆjbG`b cwiPvjbv
6 ˆgŒwLK cixÞv
viii
mƒwPcò
AaÅvq 1: eÅvswKs FY cwiPvjbv............................................................................................. 1-52
 Zî½xq Ask
1.1 eÅvsK FY ........................................................................................................................................ 2
1.1.1 eÅvsK FY-‰i aviYv .......................................................................................................... 3
1.1.2 FY weGkÏlY-‰i aviYv ....................................................................................................... 3
1.1.3 eÅvsK FGYi cÉKviGf` ....................................................................................................... 8
1.1.4. eÅvsGKi FY`vb c«¬wZ ...................................................................................................... 14
1.2 eÅvsK RvgvbZ............................................................................................................................... 16
1.2.1 eÅvsK RvgvbZ-‰i aviYv ................................................................................................. 17
1.2.2 FGYi SzuwK I ‰i cÉKviGf` ............................................................................................ 18
1.2.3 FY MÉnGYi RbÅ AvewkÅK `wjj ...................................................................................... 19
1.2.4 eÅvsK RvgvbZ-‰i cÉKviGf` I ài‚Z½............................................................................ 21
1.2.5 eÅvsKvi-MÉvnK mÁ·KÆ .......................................................................................................25
1.3 FY mÁ·ËmviGY evwYwRÅK eÅvsK ................................................................................................... 28
1.3.1 FY mÁ·ËmviGY evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi f„wgKv ........................................................................29
1.3.2 evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi FY wÕ•gmgƒn ..................................................................................... 32
1.3.3 CIB-‰i aviYv ............................................................................................................... 34
1.4 FY cÉ`vb I MÉnGY Õ¼œQZv I wbqgvbyewZÆZv ................................................................................. 35
1.4.1 eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvi .......................................................................................................... 36
1.4.2 FY cÉ`vGb eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvGii eÅenvi ....................................................................... 37
 eÅenvwiK Ask
gwWDj 1: eÅvswKs FY cwiPvjbv ............................................................................................. 39
Re 1.1 eÅvswKs FY AvGe`b diIqvwWÆs .............................................................................................. 39
Re 1.2 eÅvswKs FY géyi...................................................................................................................... 44
Re 1.3 FY cÉ`vGb eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvGii eÅenvi ............................................................................... 47
 ‰ AaÅvGqi cÉavb kõwfwîK mvimsGÞc ........................................................................................ 50
 Abykxjbx ..........................................................................................................................................52
ix
AaÅvq 2: eÅvswKs B´ÖUÇyGg´Ÿm/Uzjm cwiPvjbv ...............................................................53-124
 Zî½xq Ask
2.1 eÅvswKs B´ÖUÇyGg´Ÿ ..........................................................................................................................54
2.1.1 eÅvswKs B´ÖUÇyGg´Ÿ-‰i aviYv ........................................................................................... 55
2.1.2 wewf®² cÉKvi eÅvswKs B´ÖUÇyGg´Ÿm ..................................................................................... 56
2.1.3 eÅvswKs B´ÖUÇyGg´Ÿm-‰i ài‚Z½ ......................................................................................... 62
2.2 ÛvGKb wWmGcbmvi mÁ·GKÆ aviYv .............................................................................................. 63
2.2.1 ÛvGKb wWmGcbmvi-‰i eÅenvi ..................................................................................... 66
2.2.2 ÛvGKb wWmGcbmvi-‰i myweav ........................................................................................67
2.3 cm (POS) ˆgwkb....................................................................................................................... 68
2.3.1 cm ˆgwkb mÁ·GKÆ aviYv ................................................................................................. 70
2.3.2 cm ˆgwkGbi eÅenvi c«¬wZ ............................................................................................. 71
2.3.3 cm ˆgwkGbi myweav I Amyweav ........................................................................................ 71
2.4 ˆdK gvwb wWGUÙi.........................................................................................................................75
2.4.1 ˆdK gvwb wWGUÙi ˆgwkb-‰i aviYv ...............................................................................76
2.4.2 ˆdK gvwb wWGUÙi-‰i eÅenvi c«¬wZ ................................................................................ 77
2.4.3 ˆdK gvwb wWGUÙi-‰i myweav I Amyweav........................................................................ 78
2.5 gvwb KvDw´Ÿs ˆgwkb ...................................................................................................................... 81
2.5.1 gvwb KvDw´Ÿs ˆgwkb mÁ·GKÆ aviYv ................................................................................. 82
2.5.2 gvwb KvDw´Ÿs ˆgwkb-‰i eÅenvi..................................................................................... 82
2.5.3 gvwb KvDw´Ÿs ˆgwkb-‰i myweav-Amyweav ......................................................................... 83
2.6 ‰wU‰g ˆgwkb .............................................................................................................................. 85
2.6.1 ‰wU‰g ˆgwkb mÁ·GKÆ aviYv .......................................................................................... 86
2.6.2 ‰wU‰g ˆgwkGbi eÅenvi ................................................................................................. 87
2.6.3 ‰wU‰g ˆgwkGbi myweav-Amyweav ..................................................................................... 88
2.7 CDM (Cash Deposit Machine) mÁ·GKÆ aviYv ................................................................... 93
2.7.1 CDM (Cash Deposit Machine)-‰i eÅenvi c«¬wZ ................................................94
2.7.2 CDM (Cash Deposit Machine) ‰i myweav-Amyweav ............................................... 95
2.8 wWwRUvj jK ................................................................................................................................ 98
2.8.1 wWwRUvj jK mÁ·GKÆ aviYv............................................................................................. 99
2.8.2 wWwRUvj jK-‰i eÅenvi ................................................................................................ 99
2.8.3 wWwRUvj jK eÅenvGii myweav-Amyweav .........................................................................100
 eÅenvwiK Ask
gwWDj 2: eÅvswKs B´ÖUÇyGg´Ÿm/Uzjm cwiPvjbv .................................................................... 103
Re 2.1 ÛvGKb wWmGcbmvi ˆgwkb cwiPvjbv .................................................................................. 103
x
Re 2.2 cm (POS) ˆgwkb cwiPvjbv ............................................................................................... 106
Re 2.3 ˆdK gvwb wWGUÙi ˆgwkb cwiPvjbv ..................................................................................... 110
Re 2.4 gvwb KvDw´Ÿs ˆgwkb cwiPvjbv .............................................................................................. 113
Re 2.5 ‰wU‰g ˆgwkb cwiPvjbv ....................................................................................................... 116
Re 2.6 wWwRUvj jK cwiPvjbv Kiv ................................................................................................. 120
 ‰ AaÅvGqi cÉavb kõwfwîK mvimsGÞc ....................................................................................... 122
 Abykxjbx ........................................................................................................................................ 124
AaÅvq 3: ‰m‰gB ˆmev cÉ`vb ....................................................................................... 125-148

 Zî½xq Ask
3.1 ‰m‰gB ˆmev............................................................................................................................. 126
3.1.1 ‰m‰gB ˆmevi aviYv .................................................................................................... 127
3.1.2 ‰m‰gB FY ...................................................................................................................129
3.1.3 ‰m‰gB FGYi DGókÅ ................................................................................................... 131
3.1.4 ‰m‰gB FY`vb c«¬wZ.................................................................................................. 132
3.1.5 wewf®² cÉKvi ‰m‰gB FY ............................................................................................. 133
3.2 evsjvG`k eÅvsK-‰i ‰m‰gB ˆmev ........................................................................................... 135
3.2.1 evsjvG`k eÅvsK-‰i ‰m‰gB ˆmevmgƒn ....................................................................... 136
3.2.2 bZzb DG`ÅvÚvGì FY`vb cÉwKÌqv ................................................................................... 137
3.2.3 bvix DG`ÅvÚvGì FY`vb cÉwKÌqv .................................................................................... 138
 eÅenvwiK Ask
gwWDj 3: ‰m‰gB ˆmev cÉ`vb ............................................................................................. 139
Re 3.1 ‰m‰gB ˆmevi Z^Å msMÉn .................................................................................................. 139
Re 3.2 ‰m‰gB ˆmev Z^Å cÉ`vb Kiv .............................................................................................. 142
 ‰ AaÅvGqi cÉavb kõwfwîK mvimsGÞc ....................................................................................... 147
 Abykxjbx ....................................................................................................................................... 148
AaÅvq 4: bb-eÅvswKs wdbÅvw´Öqvj KvhÆKÌg cwiPvjbv............................................... 149-192

 Zî½xq Ask
4.1 bb-eÅvswKs KvhÆvewj .................................................................................................................. 150
4.1.1 bb-eÅvswKs KvhÆvewji aviYv .......................................................................................... 151
4.1.2 bb-eÅvswKs Avw^ÆK cÉwZÓ¤vGbi aviYv..............................................................................152
4.1.3 bb-eÅvswKs Avw^ÆK cÉwZÓ¤vGbi aib I KvhÆvewj .............................................................157
4.1.4 eÅemvq cwiPvjbvq bb-eÅvswKs cÉwZÓ¤vGbi KvhÆvewji f„wgKv ...................................... 159
xi
4.2 wegv ............................................................................................................................................. 161
4.2.1 wegvi aviYv ................................................................................................................... 162
4.2.2 wegvi cÉKviGf` ............................................................................................................ 163
4.2.3 wegvi cÉGqvRbxqZv.........................................................................................................167
4.3 Szwu K ........................................................................................................................................... 173
4.3.1 Szwu K I ‰i cÉKviGf` ..................................................................................................... 174
4.3.2 ‰´ŸvicÉvBR wiGmvmÆ µÏÅvwbs (BAviwc) ............................................................................ 177
 eÅenvwiK Ask
gwWDj 4: bb-eÅvswKs wdbÅvw´Öqvj KvhÆKÌg cwiPvjbv ....................................................... 179
Re 4.1 bb-eÅvswKs wdbÅvw´Öqvj KvhÆKÌGgi AvGe`b msMÉn ................................................................179
Re 4.2 bb-eÅvswKs wdbÅvw´Öqvj KvhÆKÌGgi ˆjvb géyi ..................................................................... 185
 ‰ AaÅvGqi cÉavb kõwfwîK mvimsGÞc ...................................................................................... 190
 Abykxjbx ....................................................................................................................................... 195
AaÅvq 5: ŠeG`wkK ˆjbG`b cwiPvjbv ......................................................................... 193-240

 Zî½xq Ask
5.1 ŠeG`wkK ˆjbG`b ........................................................................................................................194
5.1.1 ŠeG`wkK ˆjbG`Gbi aviYv ........................................................................................... 195
5.1.2 êG`wkK wewbgGqi msæv ...............................................................................................197
5.1.3 êG`wkK ˆjbG`Gbi cÉKviGf` ...................................................................................... 199
5.1.4 ŠeG`wkK ˆjbG`Gbi ài‚Z½ ............................................................................................ 203
5.1.5 êG`wkK ˆjbG`Gbi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq `wjjvw` ............................................................... 204
5.2 cÉZÅqcò .................................................................................................................................... 218
5.2.1 cÉZÅqcò I ‰i cÉKviGf` .............................................................................................219
5.2.2 êG`wkK evwYGRÅ cÉZÅqcGòi f„wgKv ........................................................................... 222
5.2.3 cÉZÅqcGòi mvnvGhÅ Avg`vwb-iµ¦vwb evwYRÅ................................................................. 223
5.2.4 mieivnKvixi FY cÉwZGe`b-‰i aviYv ....................................................................... 225
5.2.5 Avg`vwbGhvMÅ cGYÅi evRvigƒjÅ hvPvB cÉwKÌqv .............................................................. 226
 eÅenvwiK Ask
gwWDj 5: ŠeG`wkK ˆjbG`b cwiPvjbv ............................................................................ 228
Re 5.1 ŠeG`wkK ˆjbG`b bw^cò msMÉn I hvPvBKiY..................................................................... 228
Re 5.2 ŠeG`wkK ˆjbG`b wbÓ·®² KiGZ mvnvhÅ Kiv ........................................................................ 234
 ‰ AaÅvGqi cÉavb kõwfwîK mvimsGÞc ......................................................................................238
 Abykxjbx ....................................................................................................................................... 240
xii
eÅvswKs FY cwiPvjbv 1
AaÅvq 1
eÅvswKs FY cwiPvjbv
Banking Loan Management
cÉavb kõmgƒn
 eÅvsK FY
 FY weGkÏlY
 avi
 bM` FY
 RgvwZwiÚ FY
 evwYwRÅK FY
 cÉZÅqcò
 eÅvsK Avævcò
 ˆc-AWÆvi
 ögYKvixi cÉZÅqcò
 ögYKvixi ˆPK
 mvKÆyjvi ˆPK
 eÅvsK RvgvbZ
 FGYi SzuwK
 eÅwÚMZ RvgvbZ
 AeÅwÚMZ RvgvbZ
 cƒeÆÕ¼Z½
 AwZwiÚ RvgvbZ
 Mviwbwk AvG`k
 FY AvgvbZ m†wÓ¡
MÉvnKGì KvGQ eÅvsK nGjv FY A^ÆvqGbi ‰KwU cÉavb Drm| ‰KwU  ˆgqvw` FY
evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi ˆgvU mÁ·wîi AwaKvskB FY mÁ·wî| ‰GÞGò eÅvsGKi  eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvi
KvGQ fvGjv FYmgƒn nGjv jvfRbK mÁ·wî| Avi Lvivc FY eÅvsGKi RbÅ SzuwK enb KGi| AbÅvbÅ
eÅemvq cÉwZÓ¤vGbi gGZv eÅvsKmgƒn Zvi gƒjab wewbGqvM KGi wewf®² eÅemvq I eÅwÚGì FY cÉ`vGbi
gvaÅGg| ˆmB mvG^ êwk Avq MÉnY KiGZ PvBGj eÅvsKGK êwk SzuwK MÉnY KiGZ nq| evsjvG`Gki eÅvswKs
ˆmÙGii FY I AwMÉgmgƒn AÍ¸wKQy e†nr wkÍ¸ cÉwZÓ¤vGbi Ici êwk wbfÆikxj| ˆ`Gk A^Æ‹bwZK D®²qGb
fvimvgÅ iÞvq eÅvsKmgƒnGK FY géyGii ˆÞGò AviI êwk mZKÆZv AejÁ¼b Kiv cÉGqvRb|
‰ AaÅvq cvGVi gvaÅGg Avgiv eÅvswKs FGYi AvGe`b diIqvwWÆs, eÅvswKs FY géyi ‰es FY-cÉ`vGb
eÅvswKs mdUIqvGii eÅenvi mÁ·GKÆ RvbGZ cvie|
cÉZÅvwkZ wkLbdj
1.1 eÅvswKs FY AvGe`b diIqvwWÆs KiGZ cviGe
1.2 eÅvswKs FY géyi KiGZ cviGe
1.3 FY cÉ`vGb eÅvswKs mdUIqvGii eÅenvi KiGZ cviGe
wdbÅvw´Öqvj Kv.mv.-2 (we‰gwU)-01K
2 wdbÅvw´Öqvj KvÕ¡gvi mvwfÆGmm-2
1.1 eÅvsK FY (Bank Credit)
eÅvsK
$
FY
kvwKGii eo fvB gvkwid Zvi KGqKRb e®¬yGK wbGq ‰KwU dvÕ¡dzGWi ˆ`vKvb w`Geb eGj wVK
KiGjb| wK¯§ mKGj wgGj ˆh gƒjab ˆRvMvo nGjv ˆ`vKvb w`GZ nGj Zvi PvBGZ AvGiv 10 jÞ UvKv
êwk cÉGqvRb| Rbve gvkwid ZvB wPw¯¦Z nGq coGjb| kvwKi Zvi fvBGK wPw¯¦Z ˆ`GL wRGæm
KiGj gvkwid gƒjaGbi Õ¼Í¸Zvi welqwU ejGjb| ZLb kvwKi Zvi fvBGK ejj ˆh, ZvGì ‰Kv`k
ˆkÉwYi wdbÅvw´Öqvj KvÕ¡gvi mvwfÆGmm welGqi ‰KwU KÑvGm wkÞK Rbve BbGZmvi gvngy` wkÞv^ÆxGì
‰ aiGbi ‰KwU MÍ¸ eGjwQGjb ‰es KxfvGe gƒjab ˆhvMvo nGqwQj ˆmwUI eGjwQGjb| kvwKi Zvi
fvBGK ˆmwU ejj ‰es AvGiv ejj ˆh, eÅvsK ‰me KvGR DG`ÅvÚvGì mnGhvwMZvi RbÅ memgq
‰wMGq AvGm| ˆQvU fvB ˆ^GK ‰me ÷Gb gvkwid Zvi e®¬yGì mgmÅv mgvavGbi c^ wnGmGe eÅvsGKi
mnvqZvi welqwU ejGjb| AZtci gvkwid Zvi e®¬yGì wbGq eÅvsGK ˆMGjb ‰es eÅvsK gÅvGbRvGii
mvG^ welqwU wbGq K^v ejGjb| eÅvsK ZvGì wKQy KvMRcò (eÅemvGqi aib, RvgvbZ BZÅvw`)
hvPvB-evQvB Kij| AZtci ˆmB KvMRcò Rgv îGL ZvGì wnmvGei wecixGZ 10 jÞ UvKvi ‰KwU
FY géyi Kij| gvkwid I Zvi e®¬yiv ˆmB FGYi UvKv wbGq ZvGì Õ¼Gµ²i dvÕ¡dGz Wi ˆ`vKvbwU
PgrKvifvGe cwiPvjbv Kij| ‰B NUbv ˆ^GK eÅvsK FY mÁ·GKÆ aviYv cvIqv hvq|
‰ Dc-AaÅvGq Avgiv eÅvsK FGYi aviYv, FY weGkÏlY, eÅvsK FGYi cÉKviGf` ‰es eÅvsGKi FY`vb
c«¬wZ mÁ·GKÆ RvbGZ cvie|
‰ Dc-AaÅvq cvV ˆkGl hv wkLe

1.1.1 eÅvsK FY-‰i aviYv
1.1.2 FY weGkÏlY-‰i aviYv
1.1.3 eÅvsK FY-‰i cÉKviGf`
1.1.4 eÅvsGKi FY`vb c«¬wZ
wdbÅvw´Öqvj Kv.mv.-2 (we‰gwU)-01L
1.1.1 eÅvsK FY-‰i aviYv (Concept of Bank Credit)

eÅvsK nGjv ‰gb ‰KwU Avw^ÆK cÉwZÓ¤vb hvi
cÉavb KvR RbMGYi KvQ ˆ^GK msM†nxZ
AvgvbGZi A^Æ myGì wewbgGq eÅemvqxGì
cÉ`vb Kiv| myGì wewbgGq eÅvsK cÉ`î ‰B
aviB nGjv eÅvsK FY ev AvMvg|
Avgiv Rvwb, AvgvbZKvixGì AvgvbGZi wecixGZ
eÅvsK Õ¼Í¸ cwigvGY my` cÉ`vb KGi| ZvQvov
eÅvsK cwiPvjbv Kivi RbÅ KgÆPvixGì êZb cÉ`vbmn wKQy LiP AvGQ| ‰B my` I LiP ˆgUvGbvi
RbÅ eÅvsGKi wKQy DcvRÆb KiGZ nq| ZvB eÅvsK AvgvbGZi me A^Æ bM` ev ZvijÅ wnGmGe Rgv bv
îGL ‰i ‰KwU DGÍÏLGhvMÅ Ask Pov myG` eÅemvqxGì FY wnGmGe cÉ`vb KGi| cÉ`î ‰B FGYi
wecixGZ FYMÉnxZvGì KvQ ˆ^GK FY Av`vGqi wbøqZv wnGmGe eÅvsK AGbK mgq Õ©vei-AÕ©vei
mÁ·wî RvgvbZ wnmvGe MÉnY KGi ^vGK| ZGe ‰B RvgvbZ ˆbIqv ev bv ˆbIqv mÁ·ƒYÆB wbfÆi KGi
eÅvsK I FYMÉnxZvGì gGaÅ we`Ågvb mÁ·KÆ I wek¼Õ¦Zvi Ici| eÅvsK ÷ay bM` A^ÆB avi ˆ`q bv eis
MÉvnGKi cÉGqvRGb eÅvsGKi mybvg, wek¼vmmn wewf®² cÉKvi `wjjcò FY wnGmGe cÉ`vb KGi| ‰me FY
ˆ`k-weG`Gk eÅemvq KiGZ ˆMGj eÅemvqxGì bM` AG^Æi gGZvB KvR KGi|
AZ‰e, gybvdv ARÆGbi DGóGkÅ eÅvsK Zvi bM` A^Æ ‰es `wjGji gvaÅGg mybvg, wek¼vm I ˆmev ‰KwU
wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgGqi RbÅ DchyÚ RvgvbZ wbGq ev bv wbGq MÉvnKGK ˆh mnGhvwMZv KGi ZvGK eÅvsK FY eGj|
ˆkÉwYi KvR: eÅvsK FGYi 3wU ŠewkÓ¡Å QGK ˆjGLv|
1.
2.
3.
1.1.2 FY weGkÏlY-‰i aviYv (Concept of Credit Analysis)

eÅvsK AG^Æi eÅemvqx| RbmvaviGYi
AvgvbGZi A^Æ eÅvsK wewf®² LvGZ
FY w`Gq gybvdv ARÆb KGi ^vGK|
eÅvsGKi gybvdv I AwÕ¦Z½ iÞv DfqB
wbfÆi KGi mwVK FY eÅeÕ©vcbvi
Ici| FY eÅeÕ©vcbvi ‰KwU
ài‚Z½cƒYÆ w`K nGœQ FY weGkÏlY|
FGYi wecixGZ evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi
jvGfi ‰KwU eo Ask AvmGjI
FY`vb evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi RbÅ SuzwKcƒYÆ KvR| KviY, FYMÉnxZv ˆ`Dwjqv nGq ˆMGj Aêv ˆKvGbv FY
wdbÅvw´Öqvj Kv.mv.-2 (we‰gwU)-01M

ˆLjvwc ev ˆ`Dwjqv nGq ˆMGj evwYwRÅK eÅvsKGK eo aiGbi ÞwZi mÁÃyLxb nGZ nq| ZvB FGYi A^Æ
hvGZ wbaÆvwiZ mgGq my`mn eÅvsGK ˆdiZ AvGm ˆmRbÅ FY`vGbi cƒGeÆ FGYi cÉK‡wZ weGkÏlY A^Ævr,
FYMÉnxZvi PvwiwòK ŠewkÓ¡Å, Avw^ÆK mvg^ÆÅ, ˆjbG`Gbi cƒeÆ-BwZnvm, FY MÉnGYi DGókÅ cÉf‡wZ welq
wePvi-weGkÏlY Kivi cÉwKÌqvGK FY weGkÏlY eGj|
FGYi mvG^ ˆhGnZz Szwu K we`Ågvb, ˆmGnZz FY géyGii mgq AZÅ¯¦ mZKÆfvGe wm«¬v¯¦ wbGZ nq| ZvB
ejv hvq, FY`vGbi mZKÆ c`GÞcB FY weGkÏlY| FY weGkÏlGYi KvR wbÁ²wjwLZ c`GÞc AbymiGY
mÁ·v`b Kiv nq@
1. Z^Å msMÉn chÆvq (Data collection stage): FY cÉZÅvkx ˆKvGbv eÅwÚ ev cÉwZÓ¤vb FGYi RbÅ
AvGe`b KiGj FYMÉnxZv mÁ·GKÆ eÅvsK wewf®² Z^Å msMÉn KGi| ˆhgb@ FYMÉnxZvi Pwiò, FY
MÉnGYi DGókÅ, eÅemvq cÉKGÍ¸i mÁ¿vebv, FGYi ˆdiZGhvMÅZv, FYMÉnxZvi Avw^ÆK mœQjZv,
eÅemvwqK ˆjbG`Gbi AfÅvm, RvgvbGZi cÉK‡wZ BZÅvw`|
2. Z^Å weGkÏlY chÆvq (Data analysis
stage): eÅvsK ‰ chÆvGq FY
AvGe`b ev FY cÉZÅvkx mÁ·GKÆ
BGZvgGaÅ msM†nxZ Z^Åvw` wePvi-
weGkÏlY KGi ˆ`GL FY géyi Kiv hvq
wK bv| ‰GÞGò ˆh welqàGjv hvPvB-
evQvB KGi ˆ`Lv nq, ˆmàGjv nGjv@
 AvGe`Gbi h^v^ÆZv
 AvGe`bKvixi mvg^ÆÅ
 FY eÅenvGii ˆhvMÅZv
 FY ˆdiGZi wbøqZv
 RvgvbGZi gƒjÅ I weKÌqGhvMÅZv
3. P„ov¯¦ wm«¬v¯¦ MÉnY chÆvq (Final decision making stage): FY AvGe`Gbi ˆcÉwÞGZ msM†nxZ
Z^Åvw` wePvi-weGkÏlY ˆkGl eÅvsK P„ov¯¦ wm«¬v¯¦ ˆbq ˆh, AvGe`bwU MÉnY KiGe bvwK bvKP KGi
w`Ge| AvGe`bcòwU MÉnY Kiv nGj eÅvsK wbRÕ¼ FY bxwZi AaxGb FY cwiGkvGa cÉGqvRbxq I
AwZwiÚ kZÆmgƒn AvGivc KGi| eÅvsGKi ˆÌqv kGZÆ FYMÉnxZv ivwR ^vKGj eÅvsK ZvGK FY
mieivn KGi ^vGK|
AZ‰e, FGYi Szwu K I AvGqi Ici cÉfve weÕ¦viKvix welqvw` wPwn×ZKiY, ˆmàGjv mÁ·GKÆ Z^Å msMÉn,
msM†nxZ Z^Å mnRfvGe DcÕ©vcb I weGkÏlY ‰es mGevÆcwi FY cÉ`vGbi mÁ¿veÅZv mÁ·wKÆZ
mycvwikgvjv cÉYqbGKB FY weGkÏlY ejv nq|
wdbÅvw´Öqvj Kv.mv.-2 (we‰gwU)-01N
ˆRGb ivGLv
FY weGkÏlGYi c«¬wZmgƒn
evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi FYmsKÌv¯¦ KvR SzuwKcƒY|Æ ZvB eÅvsK cÉ`î FY ˆdiZ Avmv wbwøZ Kivi RbÅ FY I
FYMÉnxZv mÁ·wKÆZ ZG^Åi wePvi weGkÏlY KGi|
FY weGkÏlGYi ài‚Z½cƒYÆ `†wÓ¡fwãàGjv 5CS, 5RS, CAMPARI, PARSAR BZÅvw` mswÞµ¦i…Gc cÉKvk Kiv
hvq| wbGPi wPGò FY weGkÏlGYi `†wÓ¡fwãàGjv ˆ`LvGbv nGjv:
CAMPARI PARSAR
C = Character (Pwiò) P = Purpose (DGókÅ)
A = Amount (FGYi cwigvY) A = Amount (cwigvY)
M = Means (cwiGkvGai Drm) R = Reason (KviY)
P = Purpose (DGókÅ) S = Source of Repayment (cwiGkvGai Drm)
A = Accountability (`vwqZ½kxjZv) A = Ability (ÞgZv)
R = Risk (SzuwK) R = Risk (SzuwK)
I = Insurance (wegv)
5CS 5RS
C = Character (Pwiò) R = Responsibility (`vwqZ½kxjZv)
C = Capacity (ÞgZv) R = Reliability (wek¼vmGhvMÅZv)
C = Capital (cyuwR) R = Respectability (mÁÃvb/ghÆv`v)
C = Collateral (RvgvbZ) R = Resource (mÁ·Gì Drm)
C = Condition (kZÆ) R = Return possibility (cwiGkvGai mÁ¿vebv)
wPò: FY weGkÏlGYi Dcv`vbmgƒn
mvaviYZ wbGPi c«¬wZmgƒGni h^vh^ cÉGqvGMi gvaÅGg eÅvsK FY weGkÏlY KGi@
 FY bxwZ wbG`ÆkK (Credit Policy Guidelines ev CPG)
 FY SzuwK eÅeÕ©vcbv bxwZ (Credit Risk Management Principles ev CRM)
 FY SzuwK ˆMÉW (Credit Risk Grading ev CRG)
 cƒeÆ mZKÆxKiY msGKZ (Early Warning Signals ev EWS)
wbGP ‰Gì mswÞµ¦ weeiY ˆÌqv nGjv@

 FY bxwZ wbG`ÆkK (Credit policy guidelines): ‰ c«¬wZGZ ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsK I evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi wbRÕ¼
FY`vb wbG`Ækbv ^vGK| ‰GZ cwiPvjbv clÆGì AbyGgv`b ^vGK| ˆhgb: wewf®² FGYi myweav weGkÏlY
(FGYi mGeÆvœP AvKvi, FGYi mnRjfÅZv I RvgvbGZi cwigvY BZÅvw`)| FY bxwZ wbG`ÆkbvmgƒGni
h^vh^ AbymiGYi gvaÅGg FGYi cÉK‡wZ I ‰i MÉnYGhvMÅZv weGkÏlY Kiv mÁ¿e nq|
 FY SzuwK eÅeÕ©vcbv bxwZ (Credit risk management Principles): FGYi A^Æ Av`vq bv nIqvi
AvkâvGK FY SzuwK eGj| FY ˆÌqvi AvGM FY chÆvGjvPbv KiGZ nq| cieZÆx mgGq ˆmB chÆvGjvPbvi
AvGjvGK SzuwK ˆMÉwWs KiGZ nGe| FY SzuwK eÅeÕ©vcbv bxwZ AbymiGYi gvaÅGg SzuwK KgvGbv ev
ˆÞòweGkGl SzuwK îva Kiv mÁ¿e nq| CRM ev FY SzuwK eÅeÕ©vcbvi avcàGjv nGjv@ 1. SzuwK wbaÆviY
(Risk Identification); 2. SzuwK gƒjÅvqb (Risk Evaluation); 3. SzuwK chÆGeÞY (Risk Monitoring)|
1. DÚ c«¬wZ Abyhvqx FGYi SzuwK wbaÆviGYi RbÅ wbGÁ²vÚ KvVvGgvwU AbymiY Kiv nq@
FGYi SzuwK fvGii kZKiv nvi fvGii kZKiv nvi
1. Avw^ÆK SzuwK (Financial leverage) 50%
K. wjfvGiR (Leverage) 15%
L. ZvijÅ (Liquidity) 15%
M. gybvdvGhvMÅZv (Profitability) 15%
N. KfvGiR (Coverage) 5%
2. eÅemvwqK SzuwK (Business leverage)
K. wkGÍ¸i AvKvi (Size of industry) (eÅvsGKi wbRÕ¼ 18%
L. wkGÍ¸i eqm (Age of industry) FGYi bxwZi Ici
M. wkGÍ¸i cÉe†w«¬ weGkÏlY (Growth analysis of industry) wbfÆikxj)
N. cÉGek/êi nIqvq evav BZÅvw` (Entry/Exit barriers)
3. eÅeÕ©vcbv SzuwK (Risk management)
K. AwfæZv (Experience) 12%
L. mdjZvi gvòv (Degree of success) ,,
M. `jMZ cÉGPÓ¡v (Team attempt) ,,
4. RvgvbZ SzuwK (Risk of Security) 10%
K. RvgvbZ (Security) ,,
L. AwZwiÚ RvgvbZ (Additional Security) ,,
M. Rvwgb`vi ev (Guarantor) 10%
5. mÁ·` SzuwK (Risk of asset)
K. FY wnmve cwiPvjbv (Maintaining credit Account)
L. kGZÆi RwUjZv (Complexity in terms)
M. FYgvòvi eÅenvi (Use of credit Level)
(1-5) SzuwKi ˆgvU fvi (Total weight of Risk) 100%
2. FGYi SzuwKi fvi cwigvGci gvaÅGg FY MÉnYKvix eÅwÚ ev cÉwZÓ¤vGbi SzuwKi gvòv gƒjÅvqb Kiv nq|
FGYi ˆgvU fvi mG¯¦vlRbK nGj DÚ FY géyi Kivi mÁ¿vebv êGo hvq| Avevi FGYi ˆgvU fvi Kg
nGj ‰i mywbw`ÆÓ¡ KviYI wPwn×Z Kiv mÁ¿e nq|
3. FGYi SzuwK cybtweGkÏlGYi gvaÅGg SzuwK chÆGeÞY Kiv mÁ¿e nq| ‰GÞGò SzuwK cybtweGkÏlGYi RbÅ FY
cÉÕ¦ve wiGjkbwkc AwdmvGii (RM) KvQ ˆ^GK chÆvqKÌGg Zonal Credit Officer, Head of Credit (HOC) &
Head of Corporate Banking (HOCB), Managing Director I Executive Committee/Board ‰i KvGQ cvVvGbv
nq| mevi mÁÃwZGZ FY cÉÕ¦ve M†nxZ nGj Zv Avevi cÉwZwU avc nGq FY wiGjkbwkc AwdmvGii KvGQ
wdGi AvGm| DwÍÏwLZ eÅwÚeMÆGK FY AbyGgv`Gbi KZ‡ÆcÞ ejv nq|
 FY SzuwK ˆMÉwWs (Credit risk grading): SzuwK chÆvGjvPbvi ciciB SzuwKi ˆMÉwWs Kiv nq| ‰wU FY
weGkÏlGY KvhÆKix nvwZqvi| CRG c«¬wZ Abyhvqx FY SzuwK weGkÏlGYi RbÅ FYGK meÆGgvU AvUwU SzuwK
ˆMÉGW wefÚ Kiv hvq| wbGP ‰àGjv QGK ˆ`LvGbv nGjv
ˆMÉGWi msLÅv ˆMÉGWi AeÕ©v ˆMÉWKiGYi ˆMÉGWi ˆÕ•vGii
mgqKvj cwigvY
ˆMÉW 1 Lye fvGjv evrmwiK 85 +
ˆMÉW 2 fvGjv FY ,, (75-84)
ˆMÉW 3 MÉnYGhvMÅ FY ,, (65-74)
ˆMÉW 4 cÉvw¯¦K FY AaÆ-evrmwiK (55-64)
ˆMÉW 5 weGkl DGÍÏLGhvMÅ FY 4 gvm A¯¦i (45-54)
ˆMÉW 6 wbÁ²gvbmÁ·®² FY ,, (35-44)
ˆMÉW 7 mG±`nRbK Abv`vqx FY ,, (25-34)
ˆMÉW 8 Kz-FY I ÞwZ ,, (24-25)-‰i wbGP
SzuwKi welqmgƒn ˆgvU ˆÕ•vi SzuwKi welqmgƒn ˆgvU ˆÕ•vi

K. cwigvYMZ SzuwK 60 L. àYMZ SzuwK 40
1. gƒjaGbi chÆvµ¦Zv 15 1. eÅeÕ©vcbvi gvb 10
2. AvGqi gvb 15 2. mÁ·Gì àYMZ gvb 10
3. ZvijÅ I evwnÅK Znwej MVGbi ÞgZv 15 3. SzuwK eÅeÕ©vcbv 5
4. cÉwZÓ¤vGbi AvKvi I evRvi DcwÕ©wZ 10 4. evRvi SzuwK 5
5. gvwjKvbv 5
6. wnmvGei gvb 3
7. ˆdÌbPvBGRi gƒjÅ 2
 FY AbyGgv`b (Loan approval): FY AbyGgv`Gbi RbÅ ‰KwU FY ˆKÌwWU KwgwU (Credit Committee)
^vGK| ‰B KwgwU hw` AvGe`bKvixi SzuwK ˆMÉwWs-‰ m¯§Ó¡ nq, ZGe FY AbyGgv`b w`Gq ^vGK|
 AfÅ¯¦ixY AwWU (Internal audit): eÅvsGKi ‰KwU AfÅ¯¦ixY AwWU wefvM ^vGK, hvGì KvR nGœQ SzuwK
eÅeÕ©vcbv msKÌv¯¦ ˆhme bxwZgvjv nGqGQ Zvi h^vh^ cÉGqvM nGœQ wK bv Zv hvPvB Kiv|
‰fvGe FY weGkÏlGYi gvaÅGg eÅvsK FGYi A^Æ Av`vGqi mÁ¿vebv mÁ·GKÆ aviYv cvq| ZvB AekÅB FY
AbyGgv`Gbi AvGM FY weGkÏlY KiGZ nq| ‰GÞGò eÅvsK FY weGkÏlGYi cÉGqvRbxq KvVvGgv ŠZwi KGi|
EMI KÅvjKzGjUi Kx?

B‰gAvB KÅvjKzGjUi-‰i cƒYÆi…c Equated Monthly Installment (mgvb gvwmK wKwÕ¦)|
‰wU ‰KwU mnR FY wnmve miévg, hv eÅenviKvixGK `Ë‚Z B‰gAvB MYbv ‰es ˆcGg´Ÿ
mgqmƒwP ˆ`LGZ mnvqZv KGi| gvwmK wKwÕ¦ cwiKÍ¸bvq KvhÆKifvGe FGYi cwigvY MYbv KiGZ
‰B AÅvwµÏGKkbwU eÅenvi Kiv nq| ‰wU nvDm ˆjvb, Mvwo FY, ˆgvUi mvBGKj FY BZÅvwì
B‰gAvB MYbvi ˆÞGò ‰KwU mnR nvwZqvi|
1.1.3 eÅvsK FGYi cÉKviGf` (Types of Bank Credit)

Rbve Kvgvj ‰es Rbve iwm` `y’RbB eÅemvqx|
Rbve iwm` ˆgvU gƒjaGbi 80% eÅvsK ˆ^GK FY
wbGqGQb| wK¯§ Rbve KvgvGji eÅemvq mÁ·ËmviGY
gƒjab mieivn KiGZ êk mgmÅv nGœQ| Rbve
iwm` Rbve KvgvjGK eÅvsK ˆ^GK FY wbGZ
eGjb| wZwb wbGRi D`vniY ÛGb eGjb, KviLvbv
Õ©vcb, ˆgwkb emvGZ ‰K aiGbi FY wbGqGQb hv
AGbKw`b eÅenvi KiGZ cviGeb| PjwZ gƒjaGbi
RbÅI FY wbGqGQb, hvi RbÅ c†^K FY wnmve LyjGZ nGqGQ| cYÅ RvgvbZ îGL ‰ wnmve ˆ^GK wZwb
FY ˆbb| mgq-myGhvMgGZv FY cwiGkva KGib| Avevi, cYÅ iµ¦vwbGZ eÅvsK ˆ^GK `wjGji gvaÅGgI
A^Æ msÕ©vb KiGZ cvGib| Rbve Kvgvj fvGeb, ‰GZv iKGgi FY eÅvsK ˆ`q|
eÅvsK ‰KRb MÉvnKGK kZÆmvGcGÞ ˆh Avw^ÆK mnvqZv cÉ`vb KGi ZvGK eÅvsK FY eGj| ‰LvGb
kGZÆi welqwU MÉvnK I eÅvsGKi myweavi K^v weGePbv KGi wbaÆvwiZ nq| eÅvsK bvbv aiGbi FY
eÅeÕ©vi cÉPjb KGi ^vGK| miKvwi bxwZi mg^Æb, ˆ`Gki A^Æ‹bwZK weKvk, wkÍ¸vqb I eÅemvwqK
cÉGqvRb cƒiGY eÅvsK Õ¼Í¸Ggqvw`, gaÅGgqvw` ‰es `xNÆGgqvw` FY myweav cÉ`vb KGi| wbGP ‰KwU QGKi
mvnvGhÅ eÅvsK FGYi cÉKviGf` AvGjvPbv Kiv nGjv@
eÅvsK FY
cÉK‡wZ Abyhvqx mgq Abyhvqx RvgvbGZi wfwîGZ DGóGkÅi wfwîGZ

eÅvsK FY eÅvsK FY eÅvsK FY eÅvsK FY
1. cÉK‡wZ Abyhvqx eÅvsK FY (Bank credit on the basis of nature): eÅvsK Zvi MÉvnKGK Pvwn`v I
eÅenvGii Ici wfwî KGi ˆh FY cÉ`vb KGi ZvGK cÉK‡wZwfwîK FY eGj| ‰i cÉKviGf` wbÁ²i…c:
cÉK‡wZ Abyhvqx eÅvsK FY
K. Znwej ˆ^GK cÉ`î FY L. DGóGkÅi wfwîGZ eÅvsK FY
avi bM` FY RgvwZwiÚ FY evwYwRÅK `wjwj FY AevwYwRÅK `wjwj FY
cÉZÅqcò Avævcò ˆc-AWvÆi cÉwZkÉ‚wZcò
ögYKvixi ögYKvixi övgÅgvY mvKzj

Æ vi
cÉZÅqcò ˆPK ˆbvU ˆPK
K. Znwej ˆ^GK cÉ`î FY (Loans provided from the fund): AvgvbZKvixi ˆPGKi
ghvÆ`v Kivi jGÞÅ eÅvsK h^vh^ bM` ev ZvijÅ msiÞY KGi ^vGK| cieZÆxGZ FYMÉnxZvi
AvGe`Gbi dGj eÅvsK Zvi Znwej ˆ^GK ˆh A^Æ mnvqZv KGi ZvGK Znwej ˆ^GK cÉ`î
FY eGj| ‰ FY MÉvnKGK PjwZ wnmvGei ev FY wnmvGei gvaÅGg ˆÌqv nq| wZbfvGe ‰B
FY ˆÌqv nq@
 avi (Borrow): eÅvsK wbw`ÆÓ¡
cwigvY A^Æ wbw`ÆÓ¡ ˆgqvGì RbÅ
wbw`ÆÓ¡ myGì nvGi MÉvnKGK AwMÉg
cÉ`vb KiGj ZvGK avi eGj| Õ¼Í¸,
gaÅg ev `xNÆ ˆhGKvGbv ˆgqvG`B ‰B
FY ˆÌqv nq| FGYi A^Æ bMG` bv
w`Gq MÉvnGKi PjwZ wnmvGe Õ©vbv¯¦i
Kiv nq| MÉvnK cÉGqvRGb ˆPK ˆKGU
FGYi A^Æ eÅenvi KGi| PjwZ wnmve
bv ^vKGj MÉvnKGK c†^K FY wnmve
LyjGZ nq| ‰B FY MÉnGYi RbÅ MÉvnK hZLvwb FY ˆbq Zvi mÁ·ƒYÆUvi IciB my` w`GZ
nq| FGYi A^Æ my`mn ‰KmGã ˆdiZ w`GZ nq Aêv wKwÕ¦GZ cwiGkva Kiv hvq|
RvgvbGZi wecixGZ ‰B FY ˆÌqv nq|
 bM` FY (Cash loan): eÅvsK
gƒjÅevb RvgvbZ, ˆhgb: e´£ ev
wmwKDwiwU Aêv eÅwÚMZ RvgvbZ
îGL ˆh FY ˆ`q ZvGK bM` FY
eGj| ˆm mÁ·wî RvgvbZ wnGmGe
eÅvsGK e®¬K ^vGK| ZGe mÁ·wîi
ˆfvM `Lj FYMÉnxZv KGi ^vGK|
ˆKej DGîvwjZ AG^Æi Ici MÉvnK
eÅvsKGK my` ˆ`q| FGYi A^Æ my`mn
wKwÕ¦GZ cwiGkva Kiv hvq|
 RgvwZwiÚ FY (Overdraft):
PjwZ wnmvGe RgvK‡Z AG^Æi
AwZwiÚ ˆh cwigvY A^Æ eÅvsK
ˆ^GK DGîvjb Kiv hvq ZvGK
RgvwZwiÚ FY eGj| PjwZ wnmvGei
MÉvnKMY Õ¼Í¸ mgGqi RbÅ AG^Æi
cÉGqvRb nGj AvgvbwZ AG^Æi ˆPGqI
AwZwiÚ A^Æ FY wnmvGe DGîvjb
Kivi myGhvM cvq, hv RgvwZwiÚ FY
wnGmGe cwiwPZ| eÅvsK mvaviYZ `xNÆw`Gbi cwiPq, wek¼Õ¦Zv I mybvGgi wfwîGZ MÉvnKGK
‰B FY w`Gq ^vGK| eÅwÚMZ I AeÅwÚMZ Dfq cÉKvi RvgvbGZi wecixGZ eÅvsK ‰B FY
géyi KGi| Lye AÍ¸ mgGqi RbÅ MÉvnKMY ‰B FGYi myweav ˆcGq ^vGK| ‰B FGY ˆKej
DGîvwjZ AG^Æi Ici my` w`GZ nq|
2. mgq Abyhvqx eÅvsK FY (Bank credit on the basis of time): FYMÉnxZv KZ mgGqi gGaÅ
FYK‡Z A^Æ my`mn eÅvsKGK ˆdiZ w`Ge ZvGK eÅvsK FGYi ˆgqv` ev mgq eGj| mgGqi Ici
wfwî KGi wZb aiGbi FY cÉ`vb Kiv nq, h^v:
K. Õ¼Í¸Ggqvw` FY (Short-term loan): ‰K eQi ev Zvi Kg mgGqi RbÅ ‰B FY ˆÌqv
nq| ‰B FGYi A^Æ my`mn wKwÕ¦GZ ev ‰KmvG^ ˆdiZ w`GZ nq| ‰wU `yBfvGe cÉ`vb Kiv
nq| ˆhgb@
 Pvwnevgvò cwiGkvwaZ FY (Debt repayment on demand): mvaviYZ KGqK N¥Ÿv
ˆ^GK ‰K mµ¦vGni RbÅ ‰B FY ˆÌqv nq| wK¯§ ‰B mgGqi gGaÅ eÅvsK A^Æ ˆdiZ PvBGj
MÉvnK Zv w`GZ evaÅ ^vGK|
 Õ¼Í¸Ggqvw` ˆbvwUGk ˆ`q FY (Loans on short notice): MÉvnKGì 7 w`b ˆ^GK 15 w`b
ˆgqvG` ‰B FY ˆÌqv nq| wK¯§ ‰ mgGqi gGaÅ eÅvsK ˆbvwUk w`Gq ˆhGKvGbv mgq A^Æ
Av`vq KiGZ cvGi|
L. gaÅgGgqvw` FY (Mid-term loan): ‰K eQi ˆ^GK cuvP eQGii gGaÅ cwiGkvGai kGZÆ
‰B FY ˆÌqv nq| mvaviYZ Õ©vei-AÕ©vei mÁ·wî RvgvbGZi wecixGZ eÅvsK ‰B aiGbi
FY géyi KGi|
M. `xNÆGgqvw` FY (Long-term loan): cuvP eQi ev Zvi ˆPGq êwk mgGq cwiGkvGai kGZÆ
eÅvsK ‰B FY géyi KGi| ‰B FGYi myGì nvi êwk| my` Qvov eÅvsKGK mvwfÆm PvRÆ w`GZ
nq| KviLvbv Õ©vcb, M†n wbgÆvY I h¯¨cvwZ KÌGq ‰ FY eÅen†Z nq| RvgvbZ Qvov ‰ FY
cvIqv hvq bv|
3. RvgvbGZi wfwîGZ FY (Bank credit on the basis of mortgage): eÅvsK FGYi A^Æ
ˆdiGZi wbøqZvi RbÅ FYMÉnxZvi KvQ ˆ^GK Õ©vei ev AÕ©vei mÁ·wî RvgvbZ ivGL| ‰B
RvgvbZ ivLv ev bv ivLvi Ici wfwî KGi eÅvsK FY `yB aiGbi nq| h^v:
K. RvgvbZhyÚ FY (Collateral loan): wewf®² cÉKvi Õ©vei-AÕ©vei mÁ·wî e®¬K ev Z‡Zxq
ˆKvGbv eÅwÚGK RvgvbZ îGL ˆh FY ˆÌqv nq ZvGK RvgvbZhyÚ FY eGj|
L. RvgvbZgyÚ FY (Collateral free loan): eÅvsK Zvi `xNÆw`Gbi cwiwPZ, mr, mœQj,
mybvGgi AwaKvix, MÉvnKGK RvgvbZ QvovB FY cÉ`vb KGi| ‰ FGY Szwu K êwk| ˆKvGbv
KviGY A^Æ Av`vq bv nGj eÅvsKGK ‰B FY Av`vGqi RbÅ Av`vjGZi AvkÉq wbGZ nq|
4. DGóGkÅi wfwîGZ eÅvsK FY (Bank credit on the basis of objectives): FYMÉnxZv Kx
DGóGkÅ FY wbGœQ Zvi Ici wbfÆi KGi eÅvsK `yB aiGbi FY w`Gq ^vGK| h^v@
K. evwYwRÅK FY (Commercial loan): eÅemv-evwYGRÅi DGóGkÅ ˆh FY cÉ`vb Kiv nq

ZvGK evwYwRÅK FY eGj|
L. AevwYwRÅK FY (Non-commercial loan): eÅemvq DGókÅ ewnf„ÆZ A^Ævr wbRÕ¼
cÉGqvRGb ˆh FY cÉ`vb Kiv nq ZvGK AevwYwRÅK FY eGj|
M. evwYwRÅK `wjwj FY (Commercial document loan): ˆh FGYi `wjj eÅvsK eÅemv-
evwYGRÅ mnGhvwMZv Kivi jGÞÅ BmyÅ KGi ZvGK evwYwRÅK `wjwj FY eGj| ‰me `wjj
eÅvcKfvGe ŠeG`wkK evwYGRÅ eÅen†Z nq| ‰ `wjjàGjv nGœQ@
 cÉZÅqcò (Letter of credit): Avg`vwbKviGKi
cGÞ iµ¦vwbKviGKi AbyK„Gj eÅvsK BmyÅK‡Z
A^Æ cwiGkvGai wbøqZvcòGKB cÉZÅqcò
eGj| ‰wU Qvov ŠeG`wkK evwYRÅ AmÁ¿e|
 Avævcò (Demand draft): ˆh FGYi
`wjGji gvaÅGg ˆKvGbv eÅvsK Zvi AbÅ
ˆKvGbv kvLv ev AbÅ ˆKvGbv eÅvsKGK wbw`ÆÓ¡
cwigvY A^Æ Pvwnevgvò cwiGkvGai wbG`Æk
cÉ`vb KGi ZvGK Avævcò eGj| ‰ `wjj
AfÅ¯¦ixY I ŠeG`wkK evwYGRÅ eÅvcKfvGe eÅen†Z nq|
 ˆc-AWÆvi (Pay-order): ˆh FGYi `wjGji gvaÅGg eÅvsGKi ‰K kvLv ˆ^GK AbÅ kvLvGK
‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ cwigvY A^Æ cwiGkvGai wbG`Æk cÉ`vb KGi ZvGK ˆc-AWvÆi eGj| Õ©vbvÕ¦Gii
gvaÅGg A^Æ Av`vb-cÉ`vGbi KvGR ‰wU eÅen†Z nq| ‰wU nÕ¦v¯¦i AGhvMÅ| ‰wU mvaviYZ
‰KB ˆRjv ev wbw`ÆÓ¡ RvqMvi gGaÅ eÅen†Z nq|
 eÅvsGKi cÉwZkÉ‚wZcò (Banker's letter of commitment): ‰wU eÅvsK cÉ`î ‰gb
‰KwU FGYi `wjj hvi gvaÅGg eÅvsK MÉvnGKi FY cwiGkvGai wbøqZv ˆ`q| FY cwiGkvGai
cGiB wbøqZvcò evwZj nGq hvq| ‰ `wjj FGYi RvgvbZ wnGmGe eÅen†Z nq|
N. AevwYwRÅK `wjwj FY (Non-commercial document loan): ˆh `wjwj FY

AeÅemvwqK DGóGkÅ FYMÉnxZvi eÅwÚMZ KvGRi Õ¼vG^Æ cÉ`vb Kiv nq ZvGK AevwYwRÅK
`wjwj FY eGj| ‰ `wjjàGjv nGjv@
 ögYKvixi cÉZÅqcò (Traveler's certificate): ˆh cÉZÅqcò BmyÅi gvaÅGg eÅvsK Zvi

weG`kÕ© kvLv ev cÉwZwbwaGK ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ cwigvY A^Æ wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgGqi gGaÅ Pvwnevgvò
ögYKvixGK cwiGkvGai wbG`Æk ˆ`q ZvGK ögYKvixi cÉZÅqcò eGj|
 ögYKvixi ˆPK (Traveler's cheque): ˆh ˆPK eÅvsK ögYKvixGK ögGY A^Æ msKU
wbimGbi RbÅ BmyÅ KGi ‰es weG`kÕ© kvLv ev cÉwZwbwaGK ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ cwigvY A^Æ DÚ
ˆPGKi wecixGZ cÉ`vGbi AvG`k ˆ`q ZvGK ögYKvixi ˆPK eGj| ‰B ˆPK cvIqvi RbÅ
eÅvsGK wnmve ^vKvi ìKvi nq bv| ˆKej A^Æ Rgv w`GqB ‰B ˆPK MÉvnK ˆcGZ cvGi|
 övgÅgvY ˆbvU (Traveling notes): ‰wU ‰gb ‰KwU FGYi `wjj hvi A^Æ Pvwnevgvò
eÅvsK Zvi weG`kÕ© kvLv ev cÉwZwbwai gvaÅGg MÉvnKGK A^Æ cÉ`vGbi kZÆnxb wbG`Æk ˆ`q|
‰B ˆbvGUi mvG^ ‰KwU wbG`Ækcò hyÚ ^vGK| ˆhLvGb cÉvcGKi bvg, bgybv Õ¼vÞi, KÌwgK
bs, ˆbvGUi msLÅv, A^Æ cwiGkvaKvix kvLv ev cÉwZwbwai bvg I wVKvbv DGÍÏL ^vGK|
 mvKÆyjvi ˆPK (Circular cheque): ˆh cÉZÅqcGòi gvaÅGg ögYKvix ev chÆUK weG`kÕ©
cÉPviKvix eÅvsGKi ‰KvwaK kvLv ev cÉwZwbwai wbKU nGZ A^Æ msMÉn KiGZ cvGi ZvGK
mvKÆyjvi ˆPK eGj| ‰ ˆPGKi mvGÎ wbG`Ækcò hyÚ ^vGK, hvGZ cÉvcGKi bgybv Õ¼vÞi I
cwiwPwZ ˆÌqv ^vGK| UvKv MÉnGYi mgq Õ¼vÞi I cwiwPwZ wgwjGq ˆ`Lv nq|
 AbÅvbÅ LvGZ cÉ`î FY (Credit given at other sectors):

K. wjg (LIM): wjg (Loan against Imported Merchandise) FY myweav mvaviYZ Avg`vwb Kiv cYÅ
RvgvbGZi wecixGZ ˆÌqv nq| ‰ FGY Avg`vwb Kiv gvjvgvj eÅvsGKi wbq¯¨GY ^vGK|
FYMÉnxZv bM` UvKv cwiGkva KGi ‰i ˆWwjfvwi ˆbq| mvaviYZ 45 w`b ˆ^GK 60 w`Gbi gGaÅ
‰ FY mg®¼q KiGZ nq|
L. ‰j.wU.Avi (L.T.R.): ‰ FY (Loan against Trust Receipt) nGjv wjGgi gZ Avg`vwb
Kiv gvGji Ici ‰K aiGbi FY myweav| ‰GÞGò UÇvÕ¡ iwm` w`Gq eÅvsK ˆ^GK cYÅ ˆWwjfvwi
ˆbq| ‰B cYÅ wewKÌ KGi FY cwiGkva Kivi cÉwZkÉ‚wZ ˆÌqv nq| ‰ aiGbi FGYi ˆÞGò
(Colleteral) RvgvbZ ˆbIqv nq|
M. iµ¦vwb-cƒeÆ FY (Packing or pre-shipment credit): mvaviYZ iµ¦vwbKviKGK cYÅ

iµ¦vwbi RbÅ ‰ aiGbi FY ˆÌqv nq| iµ¦vwb cGYÅi RbÅ KuvPvgvj ˆKbv, Drcv`b, cÅvwKs
‰es Zv RvnvGR ˆZvjvi DGóGkÅ ‰ FY ˆÌqv nq| ‰Qvov iµ¦vwb AvG`k, wÕ©i cÉZÅqcò ‰es
iµ¦vwb cGYÅi `Ljnxb e®¬GKi wecixGZ PjwZ gƒjab wnGmGe ‰ FY ˆÌqv nq|
N. iµ¦vwb-Dîi FY (Post shipment credit): iµ¦vwb-Dîi FY iµ¦vwbKviGKi cGÞ ‰KwU FY
myweav| mvaviYZ iµ¦vwb cYÅ RvnvRxKiGYi ci ‰es Zvi gƒjÅ cvIqvi AvGM iµ¦vwbKviKGK mvnvhÅ
Kivi RbÅ ‰ FY ˆÌqv nq| RvnvRx Pvjvb ev mgRvZxq `wjGji wecixGZ eÅvsK ‰ FY ˆ`q|
O. wej KÌq I evëvKiY (Purchase and discount of bills): ‰wU ‰KwU wbivc` I
myweavRbK FY| mvaviYZ ˆgqv`cƒwZÆi AvGM MÉvnGKi KvQ ˆ^GK KggƒGjÅ ‰ aiGbi wej
wKGb ev evëv KGi eÅvsK MÉvnKGK FY myweav ˆ`q| ‰ aiGbi FGYi ˆÞGò weGji mvG^ wewf®²
`wjjvw` ˆhgb: îjIGq iwm`, RvnvRx Pvjvb, cvGmÆj IGq wej I wewbgq wej mshyÚ ^vGK|
ZvB ‰ wej êwk wbivc`|
P. wc.‰.wW. (P.A.D. – Payment Against Document): ‰GÞGò Avg`vwb wej cwiGkvGai
gvaÅGg eÅvsK MÉvnKGK ˆh FY ˆ`q ZvGK êvSvq| mvaviYZ LÅvZbvgv I cÉwZwÓ¤Z MÉvnKGì
eÅvsK ‰ FY ˆ`q|
ˆkÉwYi KvR: wbGPi wee†wZàGjvi AvGjvGK ‰àGjv ˆKvb aiGbi eÅvsK FGYi AvIZvfzÚ Zv wPwn×Z
KGiv|
wee†wZ eÅvsK FGYi aib
1. ivwd Zvi eÅemvq ÷i‚ Kivi RbÅ cÉMwZ eÅvsK ˆ^GK 3 eQi ˆgqvw` 50 nvRvi gaÅGgqvw` FY
UvKvi FY wbj|
2. eÅemvqx RvwgGji nVvr KGi UvKvi cÉGqvRb covq ˆjbG`bK‡Z eÅvsKwU
RgvK‡Z AG^Æi ˆPGq 40 nvRvi UvKv êwk DGîvjGbi myGhvM w`j|
3. bZzb KviLvbv Õ©vcGbi RbÅ Rbve Avjg 10 eQi ˆgqvw` 5 ˆKvwU UvKvi eÅvsK
FY wbGqGQb|
4. mçqx wnmve ^vKv mGî½I UvKv mieivn KiGZ eÅvsK KgÆKZÆv nvweeGK
AvGiKwU wnmve LyjGZ ejGjb|
5. cÉMwZ eÅvsK ˆ^GK A^Æ cwiGkvGai wbøqZv cvIqvi ciB Rbve Zvwgqj
fviGZi eÅemvqx wg. wmbnvGK cYÅ cvVvb|
6. ˆbcvGj NyiGZ hvIqvi RbÅ Avwmd ˆ`Gki i…cvjx eÅvsGKi ˆbcvj kvLvGZ
‰KwU ˆPK DcÕ©vcb KGiGQb|
7. Rbve nvwg` Zvi Õ¨xi Mqbv e®¬K îGL eÅvsK ˆ^GK 80 nvRvi UvKv FY ˆbq|
8. Rbve ˆjvKgvb ‰KRb iµ¦vwbKviK| Zvi KvGQ ‰KwU `wjj AvGQ hvi wZbwU
cÞ| eÅvsK, Avg`vwbKviK, iµ¦vwbKviK|
9. eÅvsK Zvi AbÅ ‰KwU kvLvGK wbw`ÆÓ¡ eÅwÚGK wbw`ÆÓ¡ cwigvY A^Æ cwiGkvGai wbG`Æk
w`j| DGÍÏL eÅvsGKi kvLv `ywU ‰KB wbKvkNi ‰jvKvq AewÕ©Z|
wee†wZ eÅvsK FGYi aib

10. ÷ö ˆPŒayix ‰KwU PvGji wgj w`GZ Pvb| ‰RbÅ wZwb eÅvsK ˆ^GK 50 jÞ UvKv
FY wbGZ Pvb|
11. nvwKg mvGne XvKvq ‰KwU dÑÅvU wKbGZ AvMÉnx| ‰RbÅ wZwb Zvi AvdZve
bMGii RwgwU eÅvsGKi KvGQ e®¬K îGLGQb|
1.1.4. eÅvsGKi FY`vb c«¬wZ (Lending System of Bank)

evwYwRÅK eÅvsKàGjv MÉvnKGì cÉGqvRGb wewf®² cÉKvi FY cÉ`vb KGi ^vGK| MÉvnK ˆhgb wewf®²
aiGbi nGq ^vGK, ˆZgwb FGYi cwigvYI wewf®² nq| Avevi, FY cwiGkvGai mgq ev ˆgqvÌ wewf®²
nGZ cvGi| ZvB MÉvnKGfG` FGYi cwigvY (Õ¼Í¸, gaÅ ev `xNÆ FY) weGePbv KGi wewf®² ˆgqvw` FY
cÉ`vb Kiv nq| wbGP evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi FY`vb c«¬wZ msGÞGc AvGjvPbv Kiv nGjv@
1. FGYi AvGe`bcò (Loan application):
FGYi AvGe`bKvixGK evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi
bvg I ˆjvGMv mÁ¼wjZ AvGe`bcGò AvGe`b
KiGZ nq| AvGe`bcGò ˆhme Z^Å PvIqv
nGqGQ ˆmàGjv cƒiY KiGZ nq| AvGe`bcGòi
mvG^ eÅvsK KZ†K DGÍÏwLZ me WKzGg´Ÿm
mshyÚ KiGZ nq | ˆhgb@ RvZxq
cwiPqcò, cvmGcvUÆ AvKvGii Qwe, ÛÇW jvBGm´Ö/êZb weeiYx, wUAvB‰b mvwUÆwdGKU, ˆKvÁ·vwb
nGj ˆKvÁ·vwb îwRGÕ¡kÈ b mb`, MÅviv´ŸGii cÉGqvRbxq me Z^Åmn mÁÃwZcò `vwLj KiGZ nq|
2. cÉGqvRbxq WKzGg´Ÿm hvPvB-evQvBKiY (Verification and sorting required
documents): evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi ˆh kvLvq AvGe`b Kiv nq, ˆmB kvLv AvGe`bKvix KZ‡ÆK
cÉ`î me WKzGg´ŸGmi Z^Åvewj hvPvB-evQvB KGi ‰KwU mvimsGÞc ŠZwi KGi| AZtci FY
AbyGgv`Gbi cÉwKÌqv ÷i‚ KGi|
3. FYmxgv wbaÆviY (Determining loan
limit): cÉGZÅKwU evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi FY
AbyGgv`Gbi RbÅ ‰KwU FYmxgv (Limit)
wfwîK AbyGgv`bKvix eÅwÚi ZvwjKv cƒGeÆB
wbaÆviY Kiv ^vGK| A^Ævr kvLv gÅvGbRvi KZ
UvKv chÆ¯¦ FY AbyGgv`b KiGZ cviGe, Avevi
AvçwjK/ˆRvb cÉavb KZ UvKv chÆ¯¦ FY
AbyGgv`b KiGZ cviGe Zv cƒGeÆB wbaÆviY Kiv ^vGK| Z`Ë…c eÅvsGKi cÉavb KvhÆvjq ev eÅeÕ©vcbv
cwiPvjK/cÉavb wbeÆvnx KgÆKZÆv AvçwjK KvhÆvjGqi PvBGZ êwk cwigvY FY AbyGgv`b KiGZ
cvGi| ZGe eÅeÕ©vcbv cwiPvjGKi AbyGgv`b mxgvi AwZwiÚ FY AbyGgv`Gbi RbÅ FGYi ‰B
AvGe`b êvGWÆi cwiPvjbv mfvq ˆck KiGZ nq| cwiPvjbv êvWÆ AbyGgv`b w`Gj ‰B FY géyi
nq|
‰LvGb DGÍÏL Kiv cÉGqvRb ˆh, FY AvGe`bKvixi RvgvbGZi wecixGZI evwYwRÅK eÅvsKàGjv
ZvGì MÉvnKGK FY cÉ`vb KGi ^vGK| AGbK mgq MÉvnGKi Õ©vqx AvgvbGZi (‰dwWAvi/FDR)
wecixGZ MÉvnKMY FY wbGq ^vGK| ZLb eÅvsKGfG` FDR-‰i cwigvGYi 80% ˆ^GK 100%
chÆ¯¦ MÉvnKGK FY ˆÌqv nq ‰es ˆhwU cÉvq mgq kvLv gÅvGbRvi AbyGgv`b w`Gq ^vGK| KviY
‰wUGZ FYGLjvcx nIqvi Avkâv ^vGK bv|
4. FY e¥Ÿb (Loan disbursement):
FY AbyGgv`Gbi ci ˆmwUi AbyGgvw`Z
Kwc eÅvsGKi cÉavb KvhÆvjq ˆ^GK
kvLvq cvVvGbv nq| eÅvsGKi kvLv
FYMÉnxZvi wnmvGei AbyK„Gj AbyGgvw`Z
FGYi A^Æ Rgv KGi| AZtci FYMÉnxZv
Zvi cÉGqvRbgGZv UvKv DGîvjb KGi ^vGK|
IcGii avcàGjv ˆgGbB mvaviYZ evwYwRÅK eÅvsKàGjv FY`vb KGi ^vGK| FY`vGbi ‰B cÉwKÌqvi
evBGiI wKQy wKQy KvR iGqGQ hv eÅvsKàGjv Zvi cÉGqvRbGfG` KGi| ZGe IcGii ewYÆZ avcàGjv
FY`vb c«¬wZi RbÅ AZÅvekÅKxq aviv| evwYwRÅK eÅvsKàGjv Zvi wewf®² ˆgqvw` FGYi wecixGZ FGYi
cwigvGYi Ici wfwî KGi myGì nvi wbaÆviY KGi ‰es FY cÉ`vGbi ci H nvGi myÌ MÉnY KGi ^vGK|
KgÆcò: ˆZvgvi evev eÅwÚMZ cÉGqvRGb eÅvsK ˆ^GK FY wbGZ PvGœQb| Zzwg ZvGK evwYwRÅK
eÅvsGKi FY`vb c«¬wZ fvGjvfvGe eywSGq `vI ‰es ‰KwU cÉwZGe`b ŠZwi KGi Rgv `vI|
Dc-AaÅvqwUi gƒjÅvqb
1. eÅvsK FY Kx? 6. bM` FY KvGK eGj?
2. FY weGkÏlY KvGK eGj? 7. RgvwZwiÚ FY Kx?
3. KqwU c`GÞc AbymiY KGi FY weGkÏlY Kiv nq? 8. evwYwRÅK FY KvGK eGj?
4. eÅvsK FGYi cÉKviGf` QGK DcÕ©vcb KGiv| 9. cÉZÅqcò Kx?
5. avi Kx? 10. ˆc-AWÆvi Kx?
1.2 eÅvsK RvgvbZ (Bank Mortgage)
ingvb mvGne Zvi µÏvwÕ¡K êvZj ŠZwi KviLvbv mÁ·ËmviY KiGZ Pvb| Avi cuvP aiGbi ˆgwkb emvGZ
cviGjB ‰B KviLvbvq wZwb êvZGji cvkvcvwk ˆQvU ˆQvU evÝ ŠZwi KiGZ cviGeb| ‰B evÝàGjv
Lvevi msiÞGYi RbÅ eÅvcKfvGe eÅen†Z nq eGj ‰i Pvwn`v AGbK êwk| A^Æ msÕ©vGbi RbÅ eÅvsK
ˆ^GK FY wbGZ PvBGj eÅvsK FGYi wbivcîv eÅeÕ©v wnGmGe Zvi KviLvbvwU eÅvsGKi KvGQ e®¬K
ivLGZ eGj| ‰GZ ingvb mvGne wPw¯¦Z nGq cGob| bvbv cÉwZK„j cwiwÕ©wZi KviGY hw` FGYi A^Æ
cwiGkva KiGZ bv cvGib| ˆmGÞGò hw` Zvi KviLvbv wewKÌ KGi eÅvsK FGYi A^Æ Av`vq KGi| wZwb
AviI fvGeb eÅvsK hw` KviLvbvwU ˆdiZ bv ˆ`q| DÚ NUbv ˆ^GK eÅvsK FGYi wbivcîvq M†nxZ
eÅeÕ©vcbv wnGmGe e®¬K ev RvgvbZ mÁ·GKÆ aviYv cvIqv hvq|
‰ Dc-AaÅvGq Avgiv eÅvsK RvgvbGZi aviYv, FGYi Szwu K I ‰i cÉKviGf`, FY MÉnGYi RbÅ
AvewkÅK `wjj, eÅvsK RvgvbGZi cÉKviGf` I ài‚Z½ ‰es eÅvsKvi-MÉvnK mÁ·KÆ wbGq ævb ARÆb
KiGZ cvie|

1.2.1 eÅvsK RvgvbGZi aviYv
1.2.2 FGYi SzuwK I ‰i cÉKviGf`
1.2.3 FY MÉnGYi RbÅ AvewkÅK `wjj
1.2.4 eÅvsK RvgvbGZi cÉKviGf` I ài‚Z½
1.2.5 eÅvsKvi-MÉvnK mÁ·KÆ
1.2.1 eÅvsK RvgvbZ-‰i aviYv (Concept of Bank Mortgage)

eÅvsK A^Æ I FGYi eÅemvqx| AvgvbZ MÉnY
I FY`vb ‰i cÉ^g I cÉavb KvR|
FY`vGbi mgq eÅvsKGK A^Æ ˆdiZ cvevi
K^v wP¯¦v KiGZ nq| cÉ`î FGYi A^Æ
ˆdiZ bv ˆcGj eÅvsKGK wecyj ÞwZi
mÁÃyLxb nGZ nq| ZvB eÅvsK FY ev
AwMÉGgi wbivcîv weavGbi jGÞÅ cÉ`î FY
ev AwMÉGgi wecixGZ ˆKvGbv gƒjÅevb mÁ·`
e®¬K ivLvi ev FYMÉnxZvi eÅwÚMZ ev
ˆKvGbv Z‡ZxqcGÞi eÅwÚMZ RvwgGbi ˆh eG±`veÕ¦ Kiv nq ZvGK FGYi RvgvbZ eGj|
RvgvbZ ˆhGKvGbv Õ©vei ev AÕ©vei mÁ·wî nGZ cvGi| Avevi ˆKvGbv Õ¼bvgabÅ wbfÆiGhvMÅ eÅwÚ
eÅwÚMZ RvgvbZ nGZ cvGi| FYMÉnxZv wbw`ÆÓ¡ ˆgqv` ˆkGl FGYi A^Æ ˆdiZ bv w`GZ cviGj ev bv
w`GZ PvBGj RvgvbwZ mÁ·` wewKÌ KGi FGYi A^Æ my`-AvmGj Av`vq KGi| FGYi RvgvbZ wnGmGe
ˆKvGbv eÅwÚ Rvwgb`vi ^vKGj FGYi A^Æ Rvwgb`vi eÅvsKGK cwiGkva KGi| myZivs, FGYi ˆdiZ
ˆhvMÅZvi wbøqZv ev wbivcîv weavb KivB RvgvbGZi gƒj DGókÅ|
RvgvbZ AekÅB AvBbmÁÃZ nGZ nGe| A^Ævr, e®¬KK‡Z mÁ·Gì gvwjKvbv nÕ¦v¯¦i ev weKÌGq
ˆKvGbvi…c AvBbMZ wewawbGla ^vKGe bv| RvgvbwZ mÁ·Gì Ici FYMÉnxZvi gvwjKvbv Õ¼Z½ ^vKGZ
nGe| ˆhme mÁ·` mnGR weKÌqGhvMÅ ˆmàGjv eÅvsGKi wbKU Dîg eGj weGewPZ nq| RvgvbGZi gƒjÅ
FYK‡Z AG^Æi ˆPGq êwk ev mgvb nGZ nGe| eÅwÚMZ RvgvbGZ whwb Rvwgb`vi nGeb ZvGK
Avw^ÆKfvGe mœQj nGZ nGe| ˆhme RvgvbGZi gƒjÅ evi evi IVv-bvgv KGi wKsev ˆh mÁ·` mnGRB
bMG` i…cv¯¦i Kiv hvq bv Zv eÅvsK RvgvbZ wnGmGe MÉnY KGi bv| mGeÆvcwi RvgvbZ nGe
nÕ¦v¯¦iGhvMÅ, `vqgyÚ ‰es `LjgyÚ|
‰KK KvR: ‘eÅvsK RvgvbZ AvgvbZKvixi RbÅ AvkxeÆv`Õ¼i…c’ @ eÅvLÅv KGiv|
“Dîg RvgvbZ eÅvsK FGYi iÞvKeP” @ eÅvLÅv KGiv|

FGYi wbivcîv weavGbi DGóGkÅ FGYi wecixZ eÅvsK ˆh Õ©vei-AÕ©vei mÁ·wî wKsev eÅwÚMZ
MÅvivw´Ÿ msiÞY KGi ZvGK FGYi RvgvbZ eGj| eÅvsKmgƒn cÉ`î FGYi UvKv mwVK mgq ˆdiZ
cvIqvi wbøqZvi RbÅ FYMÉnxZvi KvQ ˆ^GK RvgvbZ ˆbq| cieZÆx mgGq FYMÉnxZv FY cwiGkvGa
eÅ^Æ nGj eÅvsK RvgvbZ wewKÌ KGi FGYi UvKv Av`vq KGi| ZvB RvgvbZ hZ Dîg nGe eÅvsK cÉ`î
FGYi UvKv Av`vq Kiv ZZ mnR nGe|
1.2.2 FGYi SzuwK I ‰i cÉKviGf` (Concept and Types of Credit Risk)

eÅvsK ˆh FY ˆ`q my`mn Zvi wKwÕ¦
h^vmgGq ˆdiZ AvmGe, ˆmUvB ˆm cÉZÅvkv
KGi| hw` Zv h^vmgGq ˆdiZ cvIqv bv
hvq, ZvnGj ˆh Szwu Ki m†wÓ¡ nq ZvGK FY
Szwu K eGj| ÷ay FY ˆdiZ cvIqvi ˆÞGòB
bq, eÅvsK wewf®² ˆKvÁ·vwbi wmwKDwiwUR
weKÌGqi `vq MÉnY KiGj ˆmLvb ˆ^GKI FY Szwu Ki m†wÓ¡ nGZ cvGi| ˆhgb: eÅvsK ˆKvGbv ˆKvÁ·vwbi 1
ˆKvwU UvKvi ˆkqvi weKÌGqi `vq MÉnY Kij| ‰GÞGò wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgGqi gGaÅ ˆKvÁ·vwbi ˆgvU UvKv
eÅvsKGK cÉ`vb KiGZ nGe| ‰GZI Szwu Ki m†wÓ¡ nGZ cvGi| ‰Lb hw` DÚ ˆkqvGii gƒjÅ wewf®² wKwÕ¦GZ
Av`vq KiGZ nq ZGe ˆmGÞGò AGbK ˆkqviGnvÎ£vi ZvGì wKwÕ¦i A^Æ h^vmgGq cwiGkva bvI KiGZ
cvGi| ˆmGÞGòI FY SzuwKi m†wÓ¡ nq| ‰i…c SzuwK `y’aiGbi nGZ cvGi@
1. cÉwZÓ¤vGbi wbw`ÆÓ¡ FY Szwu K (Firm's specific
credit risk): ‰KB aiGbi cÉwZÓ¤vGb FY
ˆÌqvi dGj ev ‰KB aiGbi wmwKDwiwUGRi
wecGÞ FY ˆÌqvq ˆh SzuwKi m†wÓ¡ nq ZvGK
cÉwZÓ¤vGbi wbw`ÆÓ¡ FY Szwu K eGj| hw` ˆKvGbv eÅvsK
ˆ`Gki MvGgÆ´Ÿm wkÍ¸ LvGZ AwaK FY ˆ`q ZGe
ˆKvGbv KviGY MvGgÆ´Ÿm wkÍ¸ msKGU coGj
Õ¼vfvweKfvGeB eÅvsGKi Szwu K AZÅwaK e†w«¬ cvq|
‰KB aiGbi ˆKvÁ·vwbi wmwKDwiwUGRi wecGÞ
FY w`GjI ‰ aiGbi AeÕ©vi m†wÓ¡ nGZ cvGi|
2. cÉK‡wZMZ FY Szwu K (Systematic credit risk):
abx-Mwie ˆhGKvGbv ˆ`GkB A^Æ‹bwZK cwiwÕ©wZ
‰K aiGbi ^vGK bv| ‰i…c fvGjv-g±` eÅvsGKi
RbÅ Szwu Ki m†wÓ¡ KGi| ˆ`Gki A^Æ‹bwZK cwiwÕ©wZ
Lvivc nIqvq ev mvgwÓ¡K A^ÆbxwZGZ wei…c AeÕ©v
m†wÓ¡i dGj eÅvsK FGYi A^Æ h^vmgGq ˆdiZ ˆcGZ
hG^Ó¡ mgmÅv nq| ‰ aiGbi AwbøqZv ˆ^GK m†Ó¡
Szwu KGK cÉK‡wZMZ FY Szwu K eGj| gvwKÆb hyÚivGÓ¡È 1929 mvj ˆ^GK m†Ó¡ A^Æ‹bwZK gnvg±`vi
KviGY ˆmLvbKvi nvRvi nvRvi eÅvsK e®¬ nGq wMGqwQj, hv cÉK‡wZMZ FY Szwu Ki D`vniY|
eZÆgvGb kÉxjsKvi ˆh A^Æ‹bwZK gnvg±`v PjGQ ZvGZ eÅvsK FGYi A^Æ h^vmgGq ˆdiZ ˆcGZ hG^Ó¡
mgmÅv nGœQ| ‰wUB gƒjZ cÉK‡wZMZ FY SzuwK|
ˆkÉwYi KvR: FGYi SzuwKàGjv ‰KwU KGi D`vniY w`Gq QGK DcÕ©vcb KGiv|
1.2.3 FY MÉnGYi RbÅ AvewkÅK `wjj (Documents Required for Borrowing)

evwYwRÅK eÅvsK Zvi AvgvbGZi ‰KwU Ask ZvijÅ wnGmGe îGL evwK UvKv wewbGqvMKvixGì/
eÅemvqxGì FY wnGmGe cÉ`vb KGi| wewbgGq ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ nvGi my` Av`vq KGi| eÅvsGKi ‰B FY`vb
KvhÆKÌg mdj Kivi RbÅ FYMÉnxZvi wbKU ˆ^GK wKQy WKzGg´Ÿm msMÉn KGi Zv hvPvB-evQvB KGi ‰es
fwelÅGZ ˆhGKvGbv cÉGqvRGbi RbÅ wbGRGì wbKU Zv msiÞY KGi| cÉGqvRbxq WKzGg´Ÿm eÅvsKGfG`
wf®² wf®² nGjI wKQy WKzGg´Ÿm cÉvq me eÅvsKB msMÉn KGi| wbGP ˆmàGjvi eYÆbv ˆÌqv nGjv@
1. RvZxq cwiPqcò (National identification
card): cÉGZÅK FYMÉnxZvGK AvGe`bcGòi mvG^ Zvi
RvZxq cwiPqcò cÉ`vb evaÅZvgƒjK| evsjvG`Gki 18
eQGii EGa»Æ mKj bvMwiGKi RvZxq cwiPqcò
iGqGQ| ‰wUGZ bvMwiGKi weÕ¦vwiZ Z^Å mw®²GewkZ
^vGK| evwYwRÅK eÅvsKàGjv cÉ^GgB wbwøZ nGZ Pvq
FYMÉnxZv ‰ ˆ`Gki bvMwiK wK bv| AZtci Õ©vqx I eZÆgvb wVKvbv wbwøZ nGq FY AbyGgv`b
cÉwKÌqv ÷i‚ KGi|
2. FYMÉnxZvi/AvGe`bKvixi Qwe (Photo of the applicant): FGYi
RbÅ AvGe`bKvixi cvmGcvUÆ AvKvGii Qwe cÉ`vbI evaÅZvgƒjK|
AGbK mgq RvwjqvwZi AvkÉq ˆbIqvi RbÅ AGbK AvGe`bKvix wbR
AvGe`Gbi mvG^ AGbÅi Qwe mshyÚ KGi ˆ`q| ZvB AvGe`bKvixGK
wbR cvmGcvUÆ AvKvGii Qwe cÉ`vb KiGZ nq|
3. ÛÇW jvBGm´Ö/êZb cò (Trade license/ Salary certificate): ‰KwU cÉwZÓ¤vGbi eÅemvq
÷i‚i RbÅ ˆhgb ÛÇW jvBGm´Ö evaÅZvgƒjK, ˆZgwb FY AvGe`bKvixi FY cvIqvi RbÅ eÅemvq
cÉwZÓ¤vGbi ÛÇW jvBGm´Ö cÉ`vb evaÅZvgƒjK| Avi FY AvGe`bKvix hw` eÅwÚ nGq ^vGK ZGe Zvi
Salary certificate/Salary statement cÉ`vb KiGZ nq| A^Ævr FY cwiGkva KiGZ cviGe
wKbv, ˆmwU wbwøZ nIqvi RbÅ ‰wU ˆbIqv nq| AGbK evwYwRÅK eÅvsK ‰i cvkvcvwk 6 gvm ev
1 eQGii Bank StatementI MÉnY KGi ^vGK, ˆhLvGb êZGbi UvKv Rgv nq|
4. wUAvB‰b (TIN) mvwUÆwdGKU (Tax Identification

Number certificate): FGYi AvGe`bKvixGì TIN
mvwUÆwdGKU cÉ`vb KiGZ nq| cÉwZÓ¤vb cÉwZ eQi ˆh Ki
cÉ`vb KGi ˆmwUi mb` cÉ`vb KiGZ nq| ZGe bZzb
DG`ÅvÚvGì eÅemvq ÷i‚ KiGZ FY ˆbIqvi RbÅ TIN
mvwUÆwdGKU cÉ`vb KiGZ nq bv|
5. gvwjKvbvmsKÌv¯¦ `wjj/KvMRcò (Ownership papers):
‰KgvwjKvbv eÅemvGqi ˆÞGò ˆhgb ÛÇW jvBGm´Ö ˆbIqv
nq, Z`Ëyc Askx`vwi eÅemvq, cvewjK wjwgGUW ˆKvÁ·vwb I
cÉvBGfU wjwgGUW ˆKvÁ·vwbi RbÅI ZvGì Õ¼ Õ¼ ˆMvòxq
îwRGÕ¡Èkb mb` ˆbIqv nq| ˆhgb: îwRÕ¡vÈ i
Ae RGq´Ÿ Õ¡K ˆKvÁ·vwb nGZ îwRGÕ¡ÈkGbi
mb`| AGbK evwYwRÅK eÅvsK eÅemvGqi
Askx`viGì gvwjKvbvi Ask mÁ¼wjZ
PzwÚcGòi KwcI msMÉn KGi ^vGK|
6. MÅviv´Ÿi/wRÁÃv`vGii cÉZÅqbcò (Guarantor
certificate): FGYi AvGe`bKvix FY
cÉ`vGb eÅ^Æ nGj FGYi `vwqZ½ wbGe ‰gb
‰KRb MÅviv´ŸGii Z^ÅmÁ¼wjZ
cÉZÅqbcò ev mÁÃwZcò ˆbIqv nq| H
cÉZÅqbcGò MÅviv´Ÿi KZ‡ÆK Õ¼vÞwiZ
wbøqZvi welqwU DGÍÏL ^vGK|
IcGi ewYÆZ WKzGg´ŸàGjv cÉvq me evwYwRÅK
eÅvsGK FGYi RbÅ AvGe`b KiGj Rgv w`GZ
nq| ‰Qvov AGbK evwYwRÅK eÅvsK ZvGì
wbRÕ¼ bxwZgvjvi AvIZvq AvGiv wKQy WKzGg´Ÿ
msMÉn KGi ^vGK| evwYwRÅK eÅvsKàGjv ZvGì
FY ˆdiGZi ˆhgb wbøqZv Pvq, ˆZgwb
MÉvnGKi Õ¼vG^Æi welqwU weGePbvq îGL
mnGhvwMZvi nvZwU meÆ`v ‰wMGq ˆ`q|
ˆkÉwYi KvR: FY MÉnGYi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq AvekÅKxq `wjGji ZvwjKv ŠZwi KGiv|
1.2.4 eÅvsK RvgvbZ-‰i cÉKviGf` I ài‚Z½ (Types and Importance of

Bank Mortgage)
eÅvsK RvgvbGZi cÉKviGf` (Types of Bank Mortgage)
iwdK mvGne Zvi MvRxcyGii 10 KvVv Rwg eÅvsGK e®¬K îGL FGYi UvKvq KviLvbv wbgÆvY KiGQb|
eÅvsK ˆ^GK AvGiKwU `xNÆGgqvw` FY wbGq Zvi ˆgwkbcò KÌq I Õ©vcb eÅq wbeÆvn KiGQb| ‰B FGY
eÅvsGKi KvGQ wZwb eÅwÚMZ RvgvbZ wnGmGe Zvi `xNÆw`Gbi e®¬y Rbve kIKZGK Rvwgb`vi KGiGQb|
Drcvw`Z cYÅ eÅvsGK e®¬K îGL PjwZ gƒjab mieivn wbwøZ KiGQb| ‰B NUbvq ˆ`Lv hvq ˆh,
eÅvsK wewf®² iKGgi RvgvbZ msiÞY KGi|
eÅvsK FY cÉ`vbKvGj FY ˆdiGZi wbøqZv
Pvq| ‰GÞGò FYMÉnxZv wbøqZvÕ¼i…c ˆhme
Õ©vei-AÕ©vei mÁ·wî eÅvsGKi wbKU MwœQZ
ivGL ZvGK RvgvbZ eGj| RvgvbZ FGYi
mggvGbi ev Zvi êwk gƒjÅgvGbi nq|
RvgvbZ wewf®² aiGbi nGZ cvGi| ‰B aib
wbfÆi KGi FGYi cÉK‡wZ, FYMÉnxZvi mvg^ÆÅ I
eÅvsGKi kZÆvewji Ici| wbGP RvgvbGZi
cÉKviGf` AvGjvPbv Kiv nGjv@
RvgvbZ
eÅwÚMZ RvgvbZ AeÅwÚMZ RvgvbZ AwZwiÚ RvgvbZ
cƒeÆÕ¼Z½ cYÅ`ËeÅ e®¬K Õ©vei mÁ·` `Ljnxb e®¬K
1. eÅwÚMZ RvgvbZ (Personal security): hLb eÅvsK FYMÉnxZv Qvov AbÅ ˆKvGbv Z‡Zxq eÅwÚi
wbøqZvcGòi wecixGZ FY cÉ`vb KGi ZLb ZvGK eÅwÚMZ RvgvbZ eGj| ˆh eÅwÚ ‰
wbøqZvcò cÉ`vb KGi ZvGK Rvwgb`vi eGj| eÅwÚMZ RvgvbGZi ˆÞGò Rvwgb`vGii A^Æ‹bwZK
AeÕ©v, Pwiò, mybvg BZÅvw` wePvi-weGkÏlY KiGZ nq| Rvwgb cÉ`vbKvix Zvi wbøqZvcGò DGÍÏL
KGi ˆh, FYMÉnxZv FGYi A^Æ ˆdiZ w`GZ bv cviGj Rvwgb cÉ`vbKvix FGYi A^Æ my`mn
cwiGkva KiGe| eÅwÚMZ RvgvbGZ wZbwU cÞ ^vGK| h^v@ K. FY`vZv (eÅvsK) L. FYMÉnxZv
M. Rvwgb`vi|
2. AeÅwÚMZ RvgvbZ (Impersonal security): eÅvsK FY`vbKvGj hLb FGYi RvgvbZ wnGmGe
FYMÉnxZvi KvQ ˆ^GK Õ©vei ev AÕ©vei mÁ·wî e®¬K îGL FY ˆ`q ZLb ZvGK AeÅwÚMZ
RvgvbZ eGj| ‰ aiGbi RvgvbZ MÉnGYi ˆÞGò eÅvsK RvgvbwZ mÁ·wîi gvwjKvbv,
nÕ¦v¯¦iGhvMÅZv, `vqgyÚZv, gƒjÅ, àYMZ gvb, ZvijÅ BZÅvw` welq weGePbv KGi| ‰ aiGbi
RvgvbZ nGZ cvGi f„wg, `vjvbGKvVv, h¯¨cvwZ, cYÅ`ËeÅ, weKÌqGhvMÅ ˆkqvi, wmwKDwiwU BZÅvw`|
AeÅwÚMZ RvgvbZ Avevi Pvi aiGbi| ˆhgb@
 cƒeÆÕ¼Z½ (Lien): ˆh c«¬wZGZ eÅvsK FY cwiGkvGai
cƒeÆ chÆ¯¦ FYMÉnxZvi mÁ·` AvUK ivLvi AwaKvi
ivGL ZvGK cƒeÆÕ¼Z½ eGj| cƒeÆÕ¼GZ½i ŠewkÓ¡Å nGœQ
FYMÉnxZv RvgvbwZ mÁ·wîi cÉK‡Z gvwjK nGjI
hZÞY chÆ¯¦ FY cwiGkva bv nGœQ ZZÞY chÆ¯¦ DÚ
mÁ·` wewKÌ ev nÕ¦v¯¦i KiGZ cviGe bv| Aciw`GK,
FYMÉnxZv FY cwiGkva KiGZ cviGQ bv I FY Abv`vqx nGqGQ@ ‰wU cÉgvwYZ bv nIqv
chÆ¯¦ eÅvsKI DÚ mÁ·wî wewKÌ KiGZ cvGi bv| cƒeÆÕ¼Z½ `yB aiGbi nq@ mvaviY cƒeÆÕ¼Z½
‰es weGkl cƒeÆÕZ¼ ½|
 cYÅ`ËeÅ e®¬K (Commodity mortgage): ˆh c«¬wZGZ FYMÉnxZv FY PzwÚi kZÆ
Abyhvqx eÅvsGKi KvGQ cYÅ`ËGeÅi `LwjÕ¼Z½ ˆQGo ˆ`q, ZLb ZvGK cYÅ`ËeÅ e®¬K eGj|
‰GÞGò cGYÅi gvwjKvbv `wjj ev à`vGgi Pvwe FY cwiGkvGai cƒeÆ chÆ¯¦ eÅvsGKi KvGQ
Rgv ^vGK| FYMÉnxZv PvBGj cYÅ wewKÌ KiGZ cvGi bv|
 Õ©vqx mÁ·` e®¬K (Fixed asset mortgage): hLb FYMÉnxZv RvgvbwZ Õ©vei mÁ·Gì
AvswkK ev mÁ·ƒYÆ Õ¼Z½ ev AwaKvi eÅvsGKi KvGQ nÕ¦v¯¦i KGi ZLb ZvGK Õ©vqx mÁ·` e®¬K
eGj| FYMÉnxZv FGYi A^Æ cwiGkva KiGZ bv cviGj eÅvsK RvgvbwZ Õ©vei mÁ·Gì
Õ¼Z½vwaKvi jvf KGi ‰es mÁ·` wewKÌ KGi FGYi A^Æ Av`vq KiGZ cvGi| ‰GÞGò
FYMÉnxZv eÅvsGKi wbKU mÁ·wîi `wjjcò nÕ¦v¯¦i KGi gvò| wK¯§ mÁ·wîi ˆfvM`Lj
FYMÉnxZvi KvGQB ^vGK| FYMÉnxZv FGYi A^Æ cwiGkva KiGZ bv cviGj e®¬Kx mÁ·wî
weKÌGqi RbÅ eÅvsK Av`vjGZ AvGe`b KiGe| Av`vjZ bÅvqmãZ gGb KiGjB mÁ·wî
wewKÌi AbygwZ cÉ`vb KGi|
 `Ljnxb e®¬K ev nvBGcvw^GKkb (Unoccupied mortgage): hLb ˆKvGbv AÕ©vei
mÁ·wî RvgvbZ wnGmGe eÅvsGKi KvGQ ivLv nq, wK¯§ cGYÅi `Lj I gvwjKvbv FYMÉnxZvi
wbKUB ^vGK ZLb ZvGK `Ljnxb e®¬K eGj| FYMÉnxZv FY cwiGkvGa eÅ^Æ nGj eÅvsK H
mÁ·wî ˆKÌvK KGi wbGRi `LGj AvbGZ cvGi| mvaviYZ eÅemvwqK cGYÅi FY ˆbIqvi
ˆÞGò `Ljnxb e®¬K eÅen†Z nq| ‰GK nvBGcvw^GKkbI ejv nq|
3. AwZwiÚ RvgvbZ (Additional collateral):

hLb eÅvsK FGYi AwaK wbivcîv wbwøZ Kivi
RbÅ gƒj RvgvbGZi cvkvcvwk AviI wKQy
U U
RvgvbZ MÉnY KGi ZLb ZvGK AwZwiÚ RvgvbZ
eGj| ‰ RvgvbZ eÅwÚMZ I AeÅwÚMZ DfqB
nGZ cvGi| ˆhgb@ eÅvsK 1 ˆKvwU UvKv FGYi
wecixGZ cÉ^Gg 5 weNv Rwg RvgvbZ ˆbq, cGi
2.5 KvVv Rwgi Ici wbwgÆZ 1 Zjv evwowUI e®¬K ivGL| ‰LvGb 1 Zjv evwowU AwZwiÚ
RvgvbZ| eÅvsK FGYi AG^Æi wbivcîv wbwøZ Kivi jGÞÅ RvgvbZ ˆbq| ‰ RvgvbZ eÅvsK I
FYMÉnxZvi wewf®²gyLx Pvwn`vi KviGY wewf®² iKGgi nGq ^vGK|
wbGR KGiv: mg®¼q wj. cÉwZkÉ‚wZ eÅvsK ˆ^GK 3 ˆKvwU UvKv FY ˆbq ‰es RvgvbZ wnGmGe H
eÅvsGKi BmyÅK‡Z ‰KwU FDR Rgv ivGL| ˆmvnvb eÅvsK wg. Re»vi eivei 50 ˆKvwU UvKvi ‰KwU
cÉZÅqcò BmyÅ KGi| wg. Re»vi Rvcvb ˆ^GK Mvwo Avg`vwb KiGe| UvKv cwiGkva bv nIqv chÆ¯¦
MvwoàGjv eÅvsGKi à`vGg ^vKGe| wg. AvRgj RbZv eÅvsK ˆ^GK 10 jÞ UvKv MÉnY KGi|
PvKwiRxex gvgv Zvi cGÞ mycvwik KGi| Rbve nvmgZ Zvi evwo ŠZwii RbÅ eÅvsK ˆ^GK 1 ˆKvwU
UvKv FY ˆ`q| ‰B RbÅ wZwb Rwgi `wjj e®¬K wnGmGe ivGLb| AwaK¯§ eÅvsK ZvGK ‰gb `yBRb
eÅwÚi mycvwik Pvb hviv Avw^ÆKfvGe mœQj| Rwb ‰´£ m´Ö weG`k ˆ^GK cYÅ Avg`vwbi RbÅ eÅvsK
ˆ^GK 2 ˆKvwU UvKv FY ˆbq| ‰ RbÅ ˆKvÁ·vwbwU ZvGì Awdm wewÎ£s eÅvsGK e®¬K ivGL| DwÍÏwLZ
NUbvàGjvGZ RvgvbGZi aib wPwn×Z KGi ˆZvgvi fvebvi mvG^ Zv wgwjGq bvI|
KÌ: bs welqeÕ§ RvgvbGZi aib
1. mg®¼q wj. cÉwZkÉ‚wZ eÅvsK ˆ^GK 5 ˆKvwU UvKv FY ˆbq ‰es RvgvbZ cƒeÆÕ¼Z½
wnGmGe H eÅvsGKi BmyÅK‡Z ‰KwU FDR ivGL|
2. ˆmvnvb eÅvsK wg. Re»vi eivei 50 ˆKvwU UvKvi ‰KwU cÉZÅqcò BmyÅ cYÅ`ËeÅ e®¬K
KGi| wg. Re»vi Rvcvb ˆ^GK (Toya) Mvwo Avg`vwb KiGe| UvKv
cwiGkva bv nIqv chÆ¯¦ MvwoàGjv eÅvsGKi à`vGg ^vKGe|
3. wg. AvRgj RbZv eÅvsK ˆ^GK 10 jÞ UvKv FY MÉnY KGi| PvKzwiRxex eÅwÚMZ
gvgv Zvi cGÞ mycvwik KGi| RvgvbZ
4. Rbve nvmgZ Zvi evwo ŠZwii RbÅ eÅvsK ˆ^GK ‰K ˆKvwU UvKv FY AeÅwÚK
ˆbq| ‰B RbÅ wZwb Rwgi `wjj e®¬K wnGmGe ivGLb| AwaK¯§ eÅvsK RvgvbZ
ZvGK ‰gb `yBRb eÅwÚi mycvwik Pvb hviv Avw^ÆKfvGe mœQj|
5. Rwb ‰´£ m´Ö weG`k ˆ^GK cYÅ Avg`vwbi RbÅ eÅvsK ˆ^GK 2 ˆKvwU UvKv Õ©vqx mÁ·wî
FY ˆbq| ‰B RbÅ ˆKvÁ·vwbwU ZvGì Awdm wewÎ£s eÅvsGK e®¬K ivGL| e®¬K
eÅvsK RvgvbGZi ài‚Z½ (Importance of Bank Mortgage)

gGbvqvi mvGne `xNÆ 20 eQi c«Âv eÅvsGK
KgÆiZ AvGQb| Rywbqi Awdmvi wnGmGe
ˆhvM w`Gq AvR wZwb wbR ˆhvMÅZvq kvLv
eÅeÕ©vcK nGqGQb| mvZÞxiv Zvi wbR
‰jvKv| ˆmLvGb cuvP eQi AvGM wZwb
e`wj nGq ‰GmGQb| gGbvqvi mvGnGei
evevi cyivGbv e®¬y evei mvGne hLb Zvi
wPswoGNi D®²qb I wPswo cÉwKÌqvKiY
cÉKGÍ¸i RbÅ eÅvsK FGYi AvGe`b KGib,
ZLb gGbvqvi mvGne Mfxi wek¼vm I evei mvGnGei mybvg weGePbv KGi 50 jÞ UvKv FY géyi KGib
RvgvbZ QvovB| eZÆgvGb my`-AvmGj ‰B A^Æ ùvwoGqGQ 85 jÞ UvKvq, hv evei mvGne cwiGkva
KiGZ cviGQb bv| RvgvbZ Qvov ‰ aiGbi FY géyi Kivq eÅvsK gGbvqvi mvGnGei wei‚G«¬ gvgjv
KGiGQ ‰es ZvGK `vwqZ½ ˆ^GK cÉZÅvnvi KGi îGLGQ| IcGii NUbv ˆ^GK RvgvbGZi ài‚Z½ ev
cÉGqvRbxqZv mÁ·GKÆ aviYv jvf Kiv hvq| wbGP RvgvbGZi ài‚Z½ AvGjvPbv Kiv nGjv@
 FY ˆdiGZi wbøqZv (Assurance of loan repayment): eÅvsGKi AbÅZg KvR nGjv
FY`vGbi gvaÅGg ZnweGji KvgÅ eÅenvi (Optimum use of fund) wbwøZ Kiv| wK¯§ ˆKvGbv
AeÕ©vGZB cÉ`î FGYi A^Æ ˆdiGZi wbøqZv Qvov FY ˆÌqv hywÚmsMZ bq| KviY cÉ`î FGYi
A^Æ RbMGYi AvgvbZ ˆ^GK m†Ó¡| ‰B A^Æ ˆhGKvGbv mgq AvgvbZKvix DGîvjb KGi wbGZ
cvGi| ZvB eÅvsK FGYi A^Æ ˆdiGZi wbøqZv wnGmGe FYMÉnxZvi KvQ ˆ^GK DchyÚ RvgvbZ
e®¬K ivGL| FY ˆdiGZi wbøqZvi RbÅ eÅvsGKi KvGQ ‰B RvgvbZ LyeB ài‚Z½cƒYÆ|
 eÅwÚK I AeÅwÚK RvgvbZ (Personal & Impersonal guarantee): bZzb eÅemvq I
eÅemvqxGK FY ˆÌqvi ˆÞGò eÅvsK AwbøqZvi w«¼av«¼G±«¼ ^vGK FGYi A^Æ ˆdiZ cvGe wK bv|
‰B AwbøqZv `ƒi KGi DchyÚ RvgvbZ e®¬K îGL eÅvsK AvgvbwZ A^Æ w`Gq FGYi eÅemvq
KGi| ZvB cÉ`î FGYi A^Æ ˆdiZ cvIqvi wbøqZv weavb Kiv eÅvsGKi RbÅ AcwinvhÆ| FY
cÉ`vGbi mgq MÉnxZvi KvQ ˆ^GK eÅwÚMZ I AeÅwÚMZ RvgvbZ MÉnY KGi cÉ`î FGYi ˆdiZ
cvIqvi wbøqZv weavb KGi| Avw^ÆK mvg^ÆÅevb I eÅvsGKi cwiwPZ Õ¼bvgabÅ eÅwÚi RvgvbGZI
eÅvsK FY ˆ`q| FYMÉnxZv FY ˆdiZ`vGb AcviMZv cÉKvk KiGj Rvwgb`vi DÚ A^Æ ˆdiZ
ˆ`q| hw` Rvwgb`vi A^Æ w`GZ Avcwî KGi ZGe AvBGbi AvkÉq wbGq eÅvsK cÉ`î FGYi A^Æ
Av`vq KiGZ cvGi|
 RvgvbwZ mÁ·Gì gƒjÅ (The value of the security assets): RvgvbwZ mÁ·Gì gƒjÅ
mvaviYZ cÉ`î FGYi PvBGZ êwk ^vGK eGj FYMÉnxZv mGPZb ^vGK hZ `Ë‚Z mÁ¿e FGYi A^Æ
ˆdiZ w`GZ| KviY eÅvsK RvgvbwZ mÁ·` weKÌq KGi w`Gj Zvi gƒjÅevb mÁ·` ˆm Zvi wbR
gvwjKvbvq ivLGZ cviGe bv| eÅvsK hLb RvgvbZ ivGL ZLb RvgvbGZi gƒjÅ, weKÌqGhvMÅZv,
ZvijÅ ÞgZv BZÅvw` wePvi-weGkÏlY KGiB FY géyi KGi ^vGK|
 cÉZviYv nGZ iÞv (Protection from fraud): RvgvbZ ivLvi AvGiKwU eo myweav nGjv
Amvay FYMÉnxZvi cÉZviYv ˆ^GK AvZÄiÞv Kiv| ‰fvGe AvgvbZKvixGì AvgvbGZi wbivcîv
weavb wbwøZ Kiv hvq|
 Rxebhvòvi gvb e†w«¬ (Increasing the quality of life): RvgvbZ ivLGj eÅvsK Abv`vqx
FGYi dGj ˆh ˆjvKmvb nq Zv ˆ^GK iÞv cvq ‰es gybvdv ARÆb AeÅvnZ ivLGZ cvGi|
RvgvbZ eÅeÕ©v ^vKvq eÅvsK FY`vGb DrmvwnZ nq| KviY RvgvbZ ^vKvi dGj eÅvsK KZÆ†K
cÉ`î FY mnGRB ˆdiZ cvIqv hvq| ‰Qvov h^vmgGq FGYi A^Æ ˆdiZ ˆcGq eÅvsK ˆmB FY
Avevi AbÅGK ˆ`q, ‰fvGeB FGYi MwZkxjZv e†w«¬ cvq| dGj eÅvsGKi FGYi ˆÞò cÉmvwiZ nq
‰es wewf®² wewbGqvM mnR nq| eÅemv-evwYGRÅi cÉmvi NGU| eÅemvqxiv eÅvcK nvGi FY ˆbq,
wewbGqvM KGi ‰es KgÆmsÕ©vb NGU| dGj gvbyGli gv^vwcQy Avq evGo I Rxebhvòvi gvbI e†w«¬ cvq|
 iµ¦vwb e†w«¬ ‰es ŠeG`wkK gy`Ëv ARÆb (Increasing exports and earning foreign
currency): eÅvsK FGYi A^Æ ˆdiGZi wbøqZv wnGmGe DchyÚ Õ©vei-AÕ©vei mÁ·wî RvgvbZ
wnGmGe e®¬K ivGL| ‰me mÁ·` RvgvbZ ivLvi dGj eÅvsK h^vmgGq cÉ`î FGYi A^Æ Av`vq
KiGZ cvGi ‰es cybivq ˆKvGbv jvfRbK LvGZ wewbGqvM KiGZ cvGi| ‰GZ KGi ˆ`Gki ˆgvU
Drcv`Gbi cwigvY êGo hvq| ‰i dGj iµ¦vwb evwYRÅ e†w«¬ cvq| ˆ`Gk ŠeG`wkK gy`Ëvi wiRvfÆI evGo|
 mGPZbZv m†wÓ¡ (Creating awareness): RvgvbZ FYMÉnxZvGK FGYi Dîg eÅenvi mÁ·GKÆ
m`v mZKÆ ^vKGZ mvnvhÅ KGi| FGYi kZÆvw` I cwiGkvGai `vq-`vwqZ½ mÁ·GKÆ FYMÉnxZvGK
mGPZb ivGL| ‰GZ KGi eÅvsK I FYMÉnxZvi mÁ·KÆ fvGjv ^vGK|
AZ‰e, RvgvbZ eÅeÕ©v eÅvsGKi cÉ`î FGYi A^Æ ˆdiZ cvIqvi wbøqZvGK AGbK àY evwoGq ˆ`q|
‰GZ KGi eÅvsK AvgvbZKvixGì A^Æ wVKgGZv ˆdiZ ˆÌqvi cvkvcvwk wbRÕ¼ FY`vb KgÆmƒwP mPj
ivLGZ cvGi| ZvB FGYi ˆÞGò RvgvbGZi ài‚Z½ Acwimxg|
1.2.5 eÅvsKvi-MÉvnK mÁ·KÆ (Banker-Customer Relationship)

eÅvsK eÅemvGq wbGqvwRZ eÅwÚeMÆGK eÅvsKvi eGj| Avi eÅvsGK wnmve cwiPvjbvKvixGK mvaviY AG^Æ
MÉvnK eGj| wnmve cwiPvjbvKvix AvgvbZKvix, FYMÉnxZv, ˆmevMÉnxZv BZÅvw` bvGgI cwiwPZ|
eÅvsGKi cGÞ hveZxq ˆmev cÉ`vbKvix nGjv eÅvsKvi| AvgvbZKvix Zvi wbRÕ¼ wnmvGe A^Æ Rgv ˆ`q,
DGîvjb KGi, cÉGqvRGb FY MÉnY KGi, ‰QvovI bvbvwea ˆmev eÅvsGKi gvaÅGg MÉnY KGi ^vGK|
AvgvbZKvix eÅvsGK A^Æ Rgv KGi wbivcîvi cvkvcvwk my` cvIqvi wbøqZv cvq| AbÅw`GK, eÅvsK
AvgvbZKvixi AvgvbwZ AG^Æi Ici Kg my` cÉ`vb KGi AGcÞvK‡Z êwk myG` AbÅ ˆKvGbv
FYMÉnxZvGK FY cÉ`vb KGi| eÅvsGKi AvgvbZKvixGì ‰B Kg my` cÉ`vb ‰es FY cÉ`vGb êwk my`
cvIqvi cv^ÆKÅwU nGjv eÅvsGKi Avq| ‰B Avq nGZ eÅvsK FGYi eÅemvGqi Zvi eÅqfvi enb KGi
‰es AewkÓ¡ A^Æ gybvdv wnGmGe îGL ˆ`q| myZivs, eÅvsGKi AvgvbZKvix bv ^vKGj ˆhgb eÅvsK
FGYi eÅemvq ˆ^GK Avq ‰es gybvdv jvf KiGZ cviZ bv, AbÅw`GK eÅvsKviGì Qvov AvgvbZKvix
‰es FYMÉnxZv eÅvsGKi bvbvwea myweav MÉnY KiGZ cviZ bv| ZvB eÅvsKvi-MÉvnK mÁ·KÆ eÅemvwqK
‰es LyeB ài‚Z½cƒYÆ| eÅvsKvi-MÉvnGKi mÁ·KÆGK Avgiv ejGZ cvwi@
wPò: eÅvsKvi KZ‡ÆK MÉvnKGK ˆmev cÉ`vb

 cvIbv`vi-ˆ`bv`vi mÁ·KÆ (Creditor-Debtor relationship): MÉvnK eÅvsGKi KvGQ A^Æ Rgv
w`Gj ˆmGÞGò eÅvsKvi ˆ`bv`vi ‰es MÉvnK cvIbv`vi| Avevi eÅvsKvi ˆKvGbv MÉvnKGK FY w`Gj
ZLb eÅvsKvi cvIbv`vi ‰es FYMÉnxZv ˆ`bv`vGi cwiYZ nb| ‰fvGe eÅvsKvi I MÉvnGKi gGaÅ
ˆ`bv`vi I cvIbv`vi mÁ·KÆ m†wÓ¡ nq|
 PzwÚe«¬ mÁ·KÆ (Contractual relationship): MÉvnK eÅvsGK wnmve ˆLvjvi gaÅ w`Gq eÅvsGKi
mvG^ Zvi PzwÚe«¬ mÁ·KÆ Õ©vcb KGi| PzwÚMZ KviGY eÅvsK AvgvbZKvixi A^Æ Pvwnevgvò ˆdiZ
ˆ`qvi AãxKvGi Ave«¬|
 AwQ (Trustee): AGbK mgq eÅvsKvi gGØGji gƒjÅevb Õ¼YvÆ jâvi, `wjjcòvw` msiÞY KGi AwQi
f„wgKvq AeZxYÆ nq|
 Zî½veavqK (Caretaker): MÉvnGKi mwçZ AG^Æi wbivcîv w`Gq eÅvsKvi MÉvnGKi Zî½veavqGKi
f„wgKv cvjb KGi|
 e®¬K `vZv I MÉnxZv (Mortgage lender & recipient): eÅvsK MÉvnKGK wewf®² cÉKvi RvgvbGZi
wecixGZ FY géyi KGi| ‰i dGj eÅvsK I MÉvnGKi gGaÅ e®¬K`vZv I MÉnxZvi mÁ·KÆ m†wÓ¡ nq|
 cÉwZwbwa (Representative): eÅvsK gGØGji AfÅ¯¦ixY I Av¯¦RÆvwZK evwYGRÅi ˆjbG`b
wbÓ·wîGZ cÉwZwbwaZ½ KGi|
 cwiPq `vbKvix (Introducer): gGØGji evRvi mybvg, Avw^ÆK mœQjZv I FY cvIqvi ˆhvMÅZv
mÁ·GKÆ eÅvsK cwiPq `vbKvix wnGmGe KvR KGi|
 Z^Å mieivnK (Provide information): eÅvsK Zvi eÅemvqx MÉvnKGìGK eÅemvGqi RbÅ
ài‚Z½cƒYÆ wewf®² Z^Å mieivn KGi|
 wej Õ¼xK‡wZKvix (Bill acceptor): gGØGji wbG`ÆkgGZv eÅvsK gGØGji weGj Õ¼xK‡wZ cÉ`vb KGi|
 mÁ·Gì msiÞK (Conservator of assets): gGØj KZ‡ÆK à`vgNGi msiwÞZ cGYÅi wbivcîv
I myÓ¤z msiÞGY eÅvsK Zî½veavqGKi `vwqZ½ cvjb KGi|
MÉvnKGK Rvbv (Knowing the customer): eÅvswKs eÅemvGq MÉvnKGK Rvbv ev Zvi mÁ·GKÆ Z^Å
msMÉn Kiv AZÅ¯¦ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ| MÉvnGKi ˆckv, AvGqi Drm, mybvg-LÅvwZ BZÅvw` welGq ˆLuvR-Lei ivLv
eÅvsKvGii DwPZ| MÉvnK gvwbj´£vwis KiGQ wK bv, A‹ea ˆjbG`b KiGQ wK bv, FGYi A^Æ DchyÚ
ˆÞGò eÅenvi KiGQ wK bv BZÅvw` Z^Å msMÉn Kiv ev Zî½veavb Kiv ài‚Z½cƒYÆ `vwqZ½| ‰GZ eÅvsGKi
AG^Æi RvwjqvwZ nËvm cvq| fyqv bvGg AbÅ ˆKD wnmve cwiPvjbv KiGQ wK bv, FGYi UvKv wbGq AbÅ
ˆ`Gk cvwo w`GœQ wK bv BZÅvw` Z^Å msMÉn KGi mZKÆ ^vKGZ nq|
Mviwbwk AvG`k (Garnishee order): Garnishee kõwU jÅvwUb ‘Garnire’ kõwU nGZ ‰GmGQ|
MÉvnGKi ˆKvGbv wnmve ˆKÌvK ev e®¬ Kivi ev ˆjbG`b Õ©wMZ Kivi RbÅ Av`vjZ KZÆ†K eÅvsGKi Ici
ˆKvGbv AvG`k cÉ`î nGj ZvGK Mviwbwk AvG`k eGj| Mviwbwk AvG`k `y’aiGbi nq| h^v@ (1)
mxgve«¬ AvG`k A^Ævr RgvK‡Z wbw`ÆÓ¡ cwigvY AGâi Ici ˆjbG`b eG®¬i wbG`Æk| ‰GZ wnmve Pvjy
^vGK ‰es AwZwiÚ AG^Æi Ici ˆjbG`b Kiv hvq| (2) mxgvnxb AvG`k A^Ævr H wnmvGe ˆKvGbv
ˆjbG`b Kiv hvq bv| cÉGqvRGb bZzb wnmve LyGj AvgvbZKvix ˆjbG`b KiGZ cvGi|
Mviwbwk AvG`k ˆKb cÉ`vb Kiv nq?

ˆKvGbv eÅwÚ ev cÉwZÓ¤vGbi `vq cwiGkvGai AÞgZvGK weGePbvq îGL Zvi cvIbv`vGii
Avw^ÆK ÞwZi nvZ ˆ^GK iÞv Kivi RbÅ ‰i…c AWÆvi ev AvG`k cÉ`vb Kiv nq| A^Ævr eÅvsK wnmve
e®¬ Kivi RbÅ Mviwbwk AWÆvi cÉ`vb Kiv nq|
ˆkÉwYi KvR: eÅvsKvi-MÉvnGKi gaÅKvi mÁ·GKÆi 5wU ŠewkÓ¡Å ZvwjKv AvKvGi DcÕ©vcb KGiv|
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1. eÅvsK RvgvbZ KvGK eGj? 6. cƒeÆÕ¼î½ KvGK eGj?
2. FGYi SzuwK Kx? 7. cYÅ e®¬K Kx?
3. eÅvsK RvgvbZ KZ cÉKvi I Kx Kx? 8. `Ljnxb e®¬K Kx?
4. eÅwÚMZ RvgvbZ Kx? 9. AwZwiÚ RvgvbZ KvGK eGj?
5. AeÅwÚMZ RvgvbZ Kx? 10. Mviwbwk AvG`k ˆKb cÉ`vb Kiv nq?
1.3 FY mÁ·ËmviGY evwYwRÅK eÅvsK

Credit Expansion of Commercial Bank
cÉMwZ eÅvsK wjwgGUW bZzb eQi DcjGÞÅ MÉvnKGì AvK‡Ó¡ Kivi RbÅ bZzb Advi ˆNvlYv KGi| bZzb
AdviwU ÷ay K‡lKGì RbÅ| ‰GZ eÅvsKwUGZ gvò 10 UvKv Rgvi gvaÅGg wnmve LyjGZ cvivi myGhvM
AvGQ| AdviwU ˆNvlYvi `yB gvm ci eÅvsGKi MÉvnK msLÅv 10% e†w«¬ cvq| dGj eÅvsK K‡lKGì RbÅ
Kg myG` FY ˆÌqvi ˆNvlYv ˆ`q| Aciw`GK eÅvsKwU wewf®² wnmvGei gvaÅGg A^Æ msMÉn KiGQ, Avevi
wewf®² ˆgqvG` MÉvnKGì FY w`GœQ| eÅvsKwUGZ mçqx wnmvGei MÉvnGKi cGiB AvGQ PjwZ wnmvGei
MÉvnK| eÅemvqxiv gƒjZ ‰ wnmvGei MÉvnK| eÅvsKwU eÅemvqxGì cÉGqvRGb ZvGì Õ¼Í¸GgqvG` FY
myweav ˆ`q| Avevi, MÉvnKGì cÉGqvRGb `xNÆGgqvGÌ FY ˆ`q| dGj eÅemvqxiv ZvGì avivevwnK
KvR PvwjGq ˆhGZ cvivi KviGY cÉMwZ eÅvsGKi Ici m¯§wÓ¡ cÉKvk KGi|
IcGii AvGjvPbv ˆ^GK ejv hvq, cÉMwZ eÅvsK K‡lK ‰es eÅemvqxGì RbÅ ˆh FY myweav w`GœQ, Zv
mvweÆKfvGe ˆ`Gki Avw^ÆK D®²qGb Ae`vb ivLGe| ‰fvGe K‡wl LvGZ Drcv`b evoGj ˆ`Gki A^ÆbxwZ
mg†«¬ nGe| AbÅw`GK, FY w`Gq eÅemvGqi cÉmvi NUvGj ˆmwUI ˆ`Gki A^ÆbxwZi RbÅ mnvqK nGe|
myZivs, A^Æ‹bwZK D®²qb I eÅvsK ‰GK AGbÅi cwicƒiK|
‰ Dc-AaÅvGq Avgiv FY mÁ·ÉmviGY evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi f„wgKv, evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi FY wÕ•gmgƒn ‰es
CIB (Credit Information Bureau) mÁ·GKÆ RvbGZ cvie|

1.3.1 FY mÁ·ÉmviGY evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi f„wgKv
1.3.2 evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi FY wÕ•gmgƒn
1.3.3 CIB-‰i aviYv
1.3.1 FY mÁ·ËmviGY evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi f„wgKv (Role of Commercial Bank

in Credit Expansion)
evwYwRÅK eÅvsK AvgvbZKvix ILF Model: Saver and Borrower Households
I FYMÉnxZvi gvGS Avw^ÆK Bank
Borrower Goods Goods Saver
gaÅÕ© eÅemvq cÉwZÓ¤vb wnmvGe Household Loans Deposits Household
Collateral
bvbvwea KvhÆ mÁ·v`b KGi
^vGK| Avi ‰me KvGRi gGaÅ FMC Model: Representative Household
AbÅZg cÉavb KvR nGjv FY Bank
AvgvbZ m†wÓ¡ Kiv ev FY Collateral
Loans Deposits
Representative
mÁ·ËmviY Kiv| evwYwRÅK Household Money
eÅvsK bM` A^Æ QvcvGZ cvGi
bv| wK¯§ géywiK‡Z FY ˆ^GK wewf®² ˆKŒkGj AG^Æi DcGhvM I KÌqÞgZv eüàY e†w«¬ KGi| ‰B
ˆKŒkjGKB FY AvgvbZ m†wÓ¡ Kiv ev FY mÁ·ËmviY Kiv eGj| ‰fvGeB FY mÁ·ËmviGY evwYwRÅK
eÅvsK f„wgKv ivGL| wbGP FY mÁ·ËmviGY evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi f„wgKv eYÆbv Kiv nGjv@
FY AvgvbZ m†wÓ¡ ev FY mÁ·ËmviY ˆKŒkj
K FY géyGii gvaÅGg AvgvbZ m†wÓ¡ L AvgvbZ MÉnGYi gvaÅGg FY m†wÓ¡ M AbÅvbÅ ˆKŒkj
K. FY géyGii gvaÅGg AvgvbZ m†wÓ¡ (Creation of deposits through loan disbursement):
evwYwRÅK eÅvsK hLb ˆKvGbv FYMÉnxZvGK FY géyi KGi mÁ·ƒYÆ FGYi A^Æ bMG` cÉ`vb bv KGi
MÉvnKGK c†^K FY wnmve LyjGZ eGj ‰es ˆmB wnmvGe FGYi A^Æ Rgv KGi| FYMÉnxZv
cÉGqvRbgGZv ˆPK ˆKGU DÚ wnmve ˆ^GK A^Æ DwVGq Zv eÅenvi KGi| ‰LvGb cÉ`î FY ˆ^GK
AvgvbZ m†wÓ¡ nGqGQ| ‰GÞGò evwYwRÅK eÅvsK wZb aiGbi FY géyi KGi ^vGK| h^v@
1. Zjwe I Õ¼Í¸Ggqvw` FY (Callable and short-term loan): evwYwRÅK eÅvsK Zjwe FY
I Õ¼Í¸Ggqvw` FY géyi KGi| FYMÉnxZv AvgvbZ wnmvGei gvaÅGg ˆmLvb ˆ^GK ˆPK ˆKGU
ev BmyÅ KGi A^Æ eÅenvi KGi| dGj cÉ`î FGYi mgcwigvY AvgvbGZi m†wÓ¡ nq|
2. AwMÉg cÉ`vb (Advance payment): bM` FGYi gvaÅGg cÉ`î AwMÉg hLb FYMÉnxZvGK
ˆÌqv nq ZLb Zv FYMÉnxZvi wnmvGe Rgv Kiv nq| FYMÉnxZv ˆmB wnmve ˆ^GK UvKv
DGîvjb KiGjI meÆwbÁ² ‰KwU cwigvY Rgv ^vGK| ˆmB cwigvYB FY AvgvbZ m†wÓ¡ KGi|
3. RgvwZwiÚ FY cÉ`vb (Excess lending): evwYwRÅK eÅvsK AGbK mgq Õ¼bvgabÅ
eÅemvqxGK Zvi PjwZ wnmvGe iwÞZ AG^Æi AwZwiÚ A^Æ DGîvjGbi myGhvM ˆ`q, hv
RgvwZwiÚ FY wnmvGe weGewPZ| ‰ FGYi A^ÆI MÉvnGKi wnmvGe Rgv nq ‰es AvgvbZ
m†wÓ¡ KGi ev FY mÁ·ËmvwiZ nq|
L. AvgvbZ MÉnGYi gvaÅGg FY AvgvbZ m†wÓ¡ (Creation of loan deposit through

acceptance of deposit): evwYwRÅK eÅvsK ˆ`Gki cÉZÅ¯¦ AçGj QwoGq wQwUGq ^vKv
mçqàGjvGK AvgvbZ wnmvGe eÅvsGK Rgv KGi| ‰B RgvK‡Z AG^Æi wKQy Ask bMG` îGL evwK
Ask wkÍ¸, eÅemv-evwYGRÅ FY`vGbi gvaÅGg wewbGqvM KGi ^vGK| FY`vbK‡Z A^Æ FYMÉnxZvGK
bMG` bv w`Gq Zvi eÅvsK wnmvGe Rgv KGi| dGj FYMÉnxZvi wnmvGe Avevi AvgvbZ m†wÓ¡ nq, hv
«¼viv FY mÁ·ËmviY Kiv nq| ‰fvGe AvgvbGZi gvaÅGg cÉ^Gg FY, Avevi ˆmB FY ˆ^GK
AvgvbGZi m†wÓ¡ nq| eÅvsK RbMGYi A^Æ AvgvbZ wnmvGe eÅvsGK Rgv ivGL ‰es RgvK‡Z AG^Æi
wKQy Ask FYMÉnxZvGK cÉ`vb KGi, hv cybivq MÉvnGKi eÅvsK wnmvGe AvgvbZ AvKvGi Rgv nq|
‰i gvaÅGg AvgvbZ ˆ^GK FY, FY ˆ^GK AvgvbZ m†wÓ¡ nq| A^vÆr FY mÁ·ËmvwiZ nq|
D`vniY: X Zvi wnmvGe 20,000 UvKv Rgv w`j| eÅvsK Zv ˆ^GK 20% ZvijÅ Rgv îGL evwK
16,000 UvKv Y-ˆK w`Gj Zv Y-‰i eÅvsK wnmvGe Rgv nGjv| Zv ˆ^GK eÅvsK 20% ZvijÅ
Rgv îGL 12,800 UvKv Z-ˆK FY w`j| Z DÚ A^Æ eÅvsK ‰KvDG´Ÿ Rgv ivLj| ‰fvGe
20,000 UvKvi ‰KwU AvgvbZ nGZ evievi FY I AvgvbZ m†wÓ¡ nGœQ| ‰GÞGò eÅvsGKi Avw^ÆK
AeÕ©v nGe wbÁ²i…c:
avi UvKv mÁ·wî UvKv
AvgvbZ: X-20,000 bM` mwçwZ:
Y-16,000 20% (4,000+3,200+12,800) 20,000
Z-12,800 48,800 FY- Y-16,000
Z-12,800 28,800
ˆgvU = 48,800 ˆgvU = 48,800
gƒj AvgvbZ
FY AvgvbZ m†wÓ¡i ˆgvU cwigvY wbYÆGqi mƒò nGjv@ FY AvgvbZ = bM` Rgvi nvi
20000
IcGii D`vniY ˆ^GK @ FY AvgvbZ = 20% = 1,00,000 UvKv
‰fvGe eÅvsK FY`vb KvhÆ PvjvGZ ^vKGj ‰K chÆvGq 20,000 UvKvi gƒj AvgvbZ ˆ^GK
1,00,000 UvKv chÆ¯¦ FY AvgvbZ m†wÓ¡ KiGZ cvGi, ZGe FY AvgvbGZi cwigvY wbfÆi KGi
ZvijÅ msiÞGYi Ici|
M. FY AvgvbZ m†wÓ¡i AbÅvbÅ ˆKŒkj (Other strategies for creating debt deposits):
1. ˆkqvi I wmwKDwiwUR KÌq (Purchase of shares & securities): evwYwRÅK eÅvsK
ˆkqvi, wmwKDwiwU, e´£ BZÅvw` KÌq KGi bM` AG^Æ gƒjÅ cwiGkva bv KGi ˆPGKi gvaÅGg Zv
cÉ`vb KGi| cieZÆxGZ weGKÌZv DÚ ˆPK eÅvsGK Rgv ˆ`q| dGj AvgvbGZi m†wÓ¡ nq|
2. wewbgq wej evëvKiY (Discounting bill of exchange): eÅemvqxGì bM` AG^Æi
cÉGqvRb wgUvGZ eÅvsK wewbgq wej evëv KGi| evëvK‡Z A^Æ bMG` bv w`Gq ˆPGK cwiGkva
KGi ‰es MÉvnK ˆPKwU eÅvsGK Zvi wnmvGe Rgv ˆ`q| ‰GZ Avevi AvgvbZ m†wÓ¡ nq|
3. mÁ·` KÌq (Purchase of assets): mÁ·` KÌq KGi ˆPGK gƒjÅ cwiGkva KiGj weGKÌZv
eÅvsGK Zv Rgv w`Gq AvgvbZ m†wÓ¡ KGi|
myZivs, A^Æ‹bwZK KvR mPj ivLvi RbÅ FGYi cwigvY mÁ·ÉmviY Kiv cÉGqvRb| FY evoGj
A^Æ‹bwZK KvR êGo bZzb FY-Pvwn`v m†wÓ¡ KGi| ‰ FY-Pvwn`v cƒiY Kivi RbÅ KÌgvMZfvGe AwaK
FYGhvMÅ ZnweGji cÉGqvRb| ZvB FY AvgvbZ m†wÓ¡ KÌgvMZ Pvwn`v cƒiGY ‰KwU wbfÆiGhvMÅ ˆKŒkj|
ˆRGb ivGLv
evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi FY AvgvbZ m†wÓ¡i mxgve«¬Zv
evwYwRÅK eÅvsK FY`vGbi gvaÅGg AvgvbZ m†w Ó¡ Kivi cvkvcvwk cÉK‡Z AvgvbGZi AGbK êwk FY
m†wÓ¡ KGi| wK¯§ eÅvsGKi ‰ FY ev AvgvbZ m†w Ó¡i ÞgZv mxgvnxb bq| evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi FY AvgvbZ
m†wÓ¡i ÞgZvq wbÁ²wjwLZ mxgve«¬Zvmgƒn ˆ`Lv hvq@
 AchÆvµ¦ bM` Znwej (Insufficient cash fund): evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi FY m†wÓ¡i ÞgZv Zvi bM`
ZnweGji Ici wbfÆi KGi| bM` Znwej êwk nGj FY ev AvgvbZ m†wÓ¡i ÞgZv KGg| evwYwRÅK
eÅvsKàGjv ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsGK ˆgvU AvgvbGZi ‰KwU Ask evaÅZvgƒjKfvGe Rgv ivGL| Avevi MÉvnKGì
Pvwn`v wgUvGbvi RbÅ ˆgvU AvgvbGZi ‰KwU Ask bMG` Rgv ivLGZ nq| ‰RbÅ eÅvsGKi FY m†wÓ¡i KvR
AGbKUv evav cvq|
 evRvGi FGYi Pvwn`v (Credit demand in market): evRvGi FGYi chÆvµ¦ Pvwn`v bv ^vKGj evwYwRÅK
eÅvsK BœQvbyhvqx FY m†wÓ¡ KiGZ cvGi bv| eÅemv-evwYGRÅ g±`vfve ŠZwi nGj ev eÅvsGKi myGì nvi êwk nGj
eÅemvqxiv eÅvsK ˆ^GK FY wbGZ Drmvnx nq bv| dGj Õ¼vfvweKfvGeB evwYwRÅK eÅvsKmgƒGni FY m†wÓ¡i
ÞgZv KGg hvq|
 FGYi wbivcîv (Security of loan): evwYwRÅK eÅvsK DchyÚ RvgvbGZi Afve nGj FY ˆ`q bv| ZvB
MÉnYGhvMÅ RvgvbGZi cwigvY êwk nGj FGYi cwigvYI êwk nq|
 FYMÉnxZvi BœQv (Willingness of borrower): mgvGR FY MÉnYKvix eÅwÚi msLÅv Kg nGj FY m†wÓ¡i
eÅvcKZv eÅvnZ nq| wewbGqvGMi eÅvcK myGhvM-myweav bv ^vKGj gybvdv ARÆGbi mÁ¿vebv KGg hvq| dGj
FY AvgvbZ m†wÓ¡ nq bv|
 bM` A^Æ RgvGbvi cÉeYZv (Cash savings tendency): mgvGRi gvbyl êwk bM` A^Æ nvGZ aGi
ivLGj eÅvsGKi AvgvbZ I FY m†wÓ¡i ÞgZv KGg hvq| A^Ævr gvbyGli mçGqi cÉeYZv bv ^vKGj FY
AvgvbZ m†wÓ¡ ‰gwbGZB KGg hvq|
 bM` msiÞY AbycvZ (Ratio of cash reserve): ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsGKi FY wbq¯¨GYi ‰KwU gvaÅg nGjv
ZvijÅ msiÞY AbycvZ| ‰ AbycvZ evwoGq w`Gj AvgvbGZi eo ‰KUv Ask ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsGK ivLvi dGj FY
AvgvbZ m†wÓ¡i ÞgZv KGg hvq| ‰ nvi êwk nGj eÅvsGKi FY AvgvbZ m†wÓ¡i ÞgZv Kg nq| ˆhgb:
ZvijÅ msiÞY AbycvZ 10% ˆ^GK evwoGq 20% Kiv nGj evwYwRÅK eÅvsK 90 UvKvi cwieGZÆ gvò 80
UvKv FY ˆ`q|
 Kz-FGYi cÉfve (Effect of bad debt): cÉ`î FY Av`vq Kiv bv nGj Aêv MÉvnK FY cwiGkva KiGZ
eÅ^Æ nGj ZvGK Kz-FY eGj| ‰B Kz-FGYi KviGY FY AvgvbZ m†wÓ¡ Kiv hvq bv|
 ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsGKi FY wbq¯Ÿ bxwZ (Credit control policy of central bank): ˆ`Gk gy`ËvÕ¹xwZ ˆ`Lv
w`Gj ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsK wewf®² ˆKŒkj AejÁ¼b KGi evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi FY`vb ÞgZvGK msKzwPZ KGi| ‰GZ
evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi bM` Rgvi nvi êGo hvq| dGj ‰Gì FY ev AvgvbZ m†wÓ¡i ÞgZv KGg hvq|
ZvB ejv hvq, eÅvsK eÅeÕ©v ‰i bM` AvgvbZ AGcÞv KZ êwk FY m†wÓ¡ KGi Zv wbfÆi KGi bM` msiwÞZ
AG^Æi AbycvGZi Ici| bM` msiwÞZ AG^Æi AbycvZ êwk nGj eÅvsGKi FY m†wÓ¡i ÞgZv Kg nq| Avevi
bM` msiwÞZ AG^Æi AbycvZ KGg ˆMGj eÅvsGKi FY m†wÓ¡i ÞgZv evGo|
1.3.2 evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi FY wÕ•gmgƒn (Loan Schemes of Commercial Bank)

evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi AbÅZg ‰KwU KvR FY`vb| evwYwRÅK eÅvsK eÅemvwqK Õ¼vG^ÆB RbMY ˆ^GK
msM†nxZ AvgvbGZi ‰KwU Ask ZvijÅ wnmvGe îGL evwK A^Æ MÉvnK ev wewbGqvMKvixGì FY`vb KGi
^vGK| wewf®² eÅvsK wewf®²fvGe MÉvnKGì/wewbGqvMKvixGì ‰B FY w`Gq ^vGK| Zviv
AvgvbZKvixGì wbKU ˆ^GK msM†nxZ A^Æ ˆhgb eÅemvqxGì FY wnGmGe ˆ`q, ˆZgwb
AvgvbZKvixGìI cÉGqvRGb ˆmB AvgvbGZi A^Æ FY wnGmGe cÉ`vb KGi| evwYwRÅK eÅvsKmgƒGni gGaÅ
wewf®² eÅvsK wewf®² bvGg wewbGqvMKvixGì ‰me FY ˆ`q| evwYwRÅK eÅvsK cÉ`î FYmgƒnGK wZbwU
fvGM fvM Kiv hvq| h^v@
YOU CAN TAKE A PERSONAL LOAN FOR
MEDICAL VACATION WEDDING HIGHER HOME

EMERGENCY EDUCATION RENOVATION
K. wmwm nvBGcv (Cash Credit

Hypo): ‰wU cYÅ ev ˆmev KÌGqi
RbÅ ˆÌqv nq| ‰i RbÅ
wewbGqvMKvixGì FYMÉnxZvi bvGg
‰KwU FY wnmve m†wÓ¡ Kiv nq|
‰GÞGò FY AbyGgv`Gbi cƒGeÆ FGYi
wecixGZ RvgvbZ ivLv nq| AZtci
AbyGgvw`Z FY FYMÉnxZvi wnmvGe Rgv Kiv nq| FYMÉnxZv Zvi mgq-myGhvM eyGS FGYi UvKv
DGîvjb KGi Zvi cYÅ KÌq KGi| ‰LvGb DGÍÏL Kiv cÉGqvRb ˆh, CC Hypo-‰i AaxGb KÌqK‡Z
cYÅ MÉvnGKi wRÁÃvq ^vGK|
L. wmwm ˆµÏR (Cash Credit

Pledge): ‰ aiGbi FGYi
êjvq eÅvsK FYMÉnxZvGK
FGYi ‰KwU wjwgU ev mxgv
êuGa ˆ`q| H FGYi wjwgU
ev mxgvwU cGYÅi gƒGjÅi
ˆ^GK mvgvbÅ êwk nGq
^vGK| A^Ævr FYMÉnxZvi ev eÅemvqxi wbG`ÆwkZ cYÅ eÅvsK KÌq KGi wbRÕ¼ KvÕ¡wWGZ/wRÁÃvq
îGL ˆ`q| eÅemvqx ev FYMÉnxZv UvKv cÉ`vb KiGj eÅvsK ‰KwU DO (ˆWwjfvwi AWÆvi) ˆ`q|
Zvici à`vg ˆ^GK cYÅ Lvjvm nq| ‰wU Avevi wewf®² eÅvsK wewf®²fvGe evÕ¦evqb KGi ^vGK|
mvaviYZ KbGfbkbvj eÅvsKàGjvi gGaÅ wKQy wKQy eÅvsK eÅvsKvi-MÉvnK mymÁ·GKÆi KviGY
eÅvsGKi wbRÕ¼ KvÕ¡wWGZ ev wRÁÃvq cYÅ bv îGL MÉvnGKi wRÁÃvq îGL ˆ`q| ZGe evsjvG`Gki
Bmjvgx avivi eÅvsKàGjv cYÅ KÌq KGi wbRÕ¼ à`vGg ev wbRÕ¼ wRÁÃvq ivGL| ‰wUi AbÅZg ‰KwU
DGókÅ nGjv FGYi UvKv hvGZ AbÅ ˆKvGbv KvGR eÅwqZ bv nq ‰es FYwU hvGZ ˆLjvcx bv nq|
M. ˆgqvw` FY (Term Loan):
mvaviYZ wkGÍ¸i RbÅ eo AGâi
ˆKvGbv FY hv Project Finance
bvGg cwiwPZ Aêv cwiPvjbv
Znwej ev Working Capital-
‰i RbÅ AbyGgvw`Z FY@ ‰
aiGbi FGYi A¯¦fÆyÚ| A^Ævr bZzb
ˆKvGbv wkÍ¸ Movi RbÅ e†nr AGâi
FY hw` ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ ˆgqvGì RbÅ ˆKvGbv wewbGqvMKvixGK cË`vb Kiv nq, ZLb ZvGK Term
Loan/ˆgqvw` FY ejv nq| ‰Qvov eÅwÚMZ FGYi (Personal Loan) AvIZvq MÉvnKGì wUwf,
wdÌR, Mvwo ˆKbvi RbÅI FY cÉ`vb Kiv nq| ‰wUGKI ˆgqvw` FY ejv nq| ‰wUGK Avevi
Consumer Credit bvGgI AvLÅvwqZ Kiv nq| ‰ aiGbi Project Finance, Working
Capital, Personal Loan, Consumer Credit meB Term Loan-‰i AvIZvfzÚ| ‰ aiGbi
FYGK wewf®² eÅvsK wf®² bvGgI AvLÅvwqZ KiGZ cvGi| ZGe FY cÉ`vGbi DGókÅ ‰es FY
cÉ`vGbi UvGMÆU KvÕ¡gvi ‰KB| ˆhgb: KGqKwU eÅvsK weGq Kivi RbÅ Marriage Loan, evmv-
evwo bZzbfvGe mvRvGbvi RbÅ House Renovation Loan ev evwo msÕ•vi FY ‰es wkÞv^ÆxGì
wkÞvRxeb mwVKfvGe ˆkl Kivi RbÅ Study Loan ev wkÞv FY w`Gq ^vGK| wK¯§ me eÅvsK
Avevi ‰ aiGbi FY ˆ`q bv| ZvB eÅvsKGfG` FGYi aiGbi ˆhgb cwieZÆb nq, ˆZgwb eÅvsGKi
cYÅ ev FYàGjv wf®² wf®² bvGgI nGZ cvGi|
wdbÅvw´Öqvj Kv.mv.-2 (we‰gwU)-02K
DcwiDÚ FYàGjv QvovI evwYwRÅK eÅvsKàGjv ‰m‰gB LvGZi cÉwZÓ¤vbàGjvi RbÅ wewf®² aiGbi FY
cÉ`vb KGi| Avevi bZzb DG`ÅvÚvGì mnvqZvi RbÅ RvgvbZwenxb ˆhgb FY iGqGQ, ˆZgwb evwYwRÅK
eÅvsKàGjvi bvix DG`ÅvÚvGì RbÅI wewf®² bvGg FY cÉ`vb KGi ^vGK| ZGe wewf®² evwYwRÅK eÅvsK
wewf®² bvGg FY`vb KvhÆKÌg PvjvGjI me aiGbi FY`vbB evsjvG`k eÅvsGKi wbG`Ækbvq nq| evsjvG`k
eÅvsGKi cÉYxZ bxwZgvjvi evBGi wMGq ˆKvGbv evwYwRÅK eÅvsK FY cÉ`vb KGi bv|
KgÆcò: Cash Credit Pledge ˆKb eÅvsGKi RbÅ AvkxeÆv`@ cÉwZGe`b AvKvGi wjGL Rgv `vI|
1.3.3 CIB-‰i aviYv (Concept of CIB)

CIB-‰i cƒYÆi…c Credit Information
Bureau| CIB nGœQ evsjvG`k eÅvsK
KZÆ†K cÉYxZ ‰KwU bxwZgvjv hvi gvaÅGg
ˆKvGbv MÉvnGKi FY MÉnGYi mgq H
MÉvnK cƒGeÆ ˆKvGbv FY wbGqwQj wK bv Zv
ˆ`Lv nq| FY wbGq ^vKGj mgqgGZv
FGYi wKwÕ¦ ev cyGiv FY cwiGkva
KGiGQ/KiGQ wK bv ZvI ˆ`Lv nq| hvGZ
FYGLjvcx bv nq ‰es FGYi cÉevn
h^vh^ ^vGK| ‰GZ ˆ`Gk ˆLjvcx FGYi
cwigvY nËvm cvq| ˆKvGbv MÉvnK bZzb ˆKvGbv FY wbGZ PvBGj FGYi AvGe`Gbi Z^Åvewj CIB-‰i
IGqemvBGU XzGK cƒiY KiGj CIB msKÌv¯¦ wiGcvUÆ cvIqv hvq| A^vÆr ˆKvGbv eÅwÚ ev ‰KgvwjKvbv
eÅemvq, ev Askx`vwi eÅemvq Aêv ˆKvÁ·vwbi êjvq FY mÁ·wKÆZ wiGcvUÆ cvIqv hvq| ZLbB
FY`vZv cÉwZÓ¤vb Lye mnGR wm«¬v¯¦ wbGZ cvGi ˆh, FYMÉnxZvi AvGe`bwU AbyGgv`b Kiv nGe, bvwK
evwZj Kiv nGe| ˆLjvwc FY KgvGbvi DGóGkÅ evsjvG`k eÅvsK 1992 mvGji 18 AvMÕ¡ CIB wmGÕ¡g
Pvjy KGi| 2011 mvGji 19 RyjvB ˆ^GK ‰wU AbjvBGb KvhÆKÌg ÷i‚ KGi|
1. FY AvgvbZ m†wÓ¡ Kx? 5. CC Pledge Kx?
2. Zjwe FY I Õ¼Í¸Ggqvw` FY KvGK eGj? 6. ˆgqvw` FY ev Term loan KvGK eGj?
3. evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi FY wÕ•g KZ aiGbi nq? 7. CIB-‰i cƒYÆi…c Kx?
4. CC Hypo Kx? 8. CIB Kx?
wdbÅvw´Öqvj Kv.mv.-2 (we‰gwU)-02L

1.4 FY cÉ`vb I MÉnGY Õ¼œQZv I wbqgvbyewZÆZv

Transparency and Discipline in Giving &
Receiving Loan
evwYwRÅK eÅvsK wewf®² wnmvGei gvaÅGg

eÅwÚ ev cÉwZÓ¤vGbi wbKU ˆ^GK Kg myG`
ev jvGf AvgvbZ msMÉn KGi ‰es AwaK
myG` ev jvGf wewf®² eÅwÚ I cÉwZÓ¤vbGK
FY ˆ`q| cÉvµ¦ I cÉ`î my` ev jvGfi
cv^ÆKÅB ‰i…c eÅvsGKi AvGqi cÉavb
Drm| ‰QvovI ˆc-AWÆvi, eÅvsK WÈvdU,
cÉZÅqcò BZÅvw` ˆLvjvi gvaÅGg eÅvsK
KwgkbcÉvµ¦ nq| MÉvnKGì wnmve
cwiPvjbvi KviGY eÅvsK PvRÆ Av`vq,
BGjKUÇwbK eÅvswKs ˆmevi RbÅ mvwfÆm
PvRÆ cÉvwµ¦ BZÅvw` wewf®² LvGZ eÅvsK Avq
KGi| ‰GÞGò cwiPvjbv LiPmn wewf®²
LiP-ÞwZ ev` w`Gq hv ^vGK ZvB eÅvsGKi gybvdv| ‰B eÅvsK RbMGYi Rgv ivLv AvgvbZ ev FY w`Gq
gƒjZ eÅemvq Kivq ‰GK avi Kiv AG^Æi aviK, Õ¼Í¸Ggqvw` FGYi eÅemvqx BZÅvw` bvGg AvLÅvwqZ Kiv
nGq ^vGK| eÅvsGKi ‰me KvGR Õ¼œQZv I MÉvnKGì Pvwn`v AbymvGi ˆmev cÉ`vGb DfqcÞGKB wbÓ¤vevb
nGZ nGe|
‰ Dc-AaÅvGq Avgiv eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvi I FY cÉ`vGb ‰i eÅenvi mÁ·GKÆ RvbGZ cvie|

1.4.1 eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvi
1.4.2 FY cÉ`vGb eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvGii eÅenvi
wdbÅvw´Öqvj Kv.mv.-2 (we‰gwU)-02M

1.4.1 eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvi (Banking Software)

AvRKvj eÅvswKs KvhÆKÌGgi cwiwa ˆhgb êGoGQ, ˆZgwb MÉvnGKi msLÅvI êGoGQ| MÉvnGKi msLÅv
evovi cvkvcvwk ZvGì ˆmevi Pvwn`v ˆhgb êGoGQ, ˆZgwb ZvGì ˆmevi aiGbI cwieZÆb ‰GmGQ|
÷ay ZvB bq, gyÚevRvi A^ÆbxwZGZ evRvi Pvwn`v e†w«¬i cvkvcvwk evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi msLÅvI ˆhgb
êGoGQ, ˆZgwb eÅvsKàGjvi gGaÅ cÉwZGhvwMZvI e†w«¬ ˆcGqGQ| ‰B cÉwZGhvwMZvq AbÅGì ˆPGq fvGjv
Kivi RbÅ eÅvsKàGjv ZvGì ˆmevi gvb e†w«¬i ˆPÓ¡v AbeiZ KGi hvGœQ| ZviB dj nGœQ eÅvswKs
KvhÆKÌGg cÉhywÚi eÅvcK eÅenvi| MÉvnGKi Pvwn`vi ˆcÉwÞGZ ˆmevi gvb e†w«¬i wbwgGî eÅvsKàGjv wewf®²
AÅvcwfwîK mdUIqÅvi eÅenvi KiGQ| ‰i gvaÅGg MÉvnGKi wbKU eÅvswKs KvhÆKÌGgi ˆhgb Õ¼œQZv
wbwøZ nGœQ, ˆZgwb `Ë‚ZZg mgGq eÅvswKs KvhÆKÌgI mgvµ¦ nGœQ| ‰GZ MÉvnK I eÅvsK DfGqi RbÅB
Zv BwZevPK dj wbGq AvmGQ| ZvB ejv hvq, ˆh mdUIqÅvGii gvaÅGg eÅvswKs KvhÆKÌg mÁ·v`b Kiv
nq ZvGK eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvi eGj|
wPò: eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvi eÅenvi cÉwKÌqv

mdjfvGe eÅvswKs KvhÆKÌg mÁ·v`b Kivi RbÅ evwYwRÅK eÅvsKàGjv Core Banking Software
eÅenvi KGi| ‰GZ eÅvswKs KvhÆKÌGgi ÷i‚ ˆ^GK mgvwµ¦ chÆ¯¦ me KvR mdUIqÅvGii gvaÅGg Kiv
hvq| wewf®² evwYwRÅK eÅvsK ‰RbÅ wewf®² ˆ`Gki wewf®² cÉwZÓ¤vGbi ŠZwi mdUIqÅvi wKGb eÅenvi
KGi| ZGe evsjvG`Gk AwaKvsk evwYwRÅK eÅvsK T24 Software-wU eÅenvi KGi| ‰wU ‰KwU Core
Banking Software| ‰wU AZÅ¯¦ gvbmÁ·®² ‰KwU mdUIqÅvi| hvi «¼viv eÅvswKs KvhÆKÌGgi me wKQy
mÁ·v`b Kiv hvq| ‰GZ eÅvswKs KvhÆKÌGgi wbivcîv ˆhgb wbwøZ Kiv hvq, ˆZgwb `Ë‚ZZg mgGq
KvhÆKÌg mÁ·v`b Kiv hvq| T24 Software QvovI wKQy AvaywbK eÅvswKs mdUIqvi iGqGQ ˆhàGjv
evsjvG`Gki AGbK evwYwRÅK eÅvsK eÅenvi KGi ^vGK| Avevi evsjvG`Gki KGqKwU eÅvsK wbGRGì
ŠZwi Core Banking Software-I eÅenvi KGi| myZivs, cÉwZGhvwMZvgƒjK ‰B weGk¼ w`b w`b Core
Banking Software ‰i DrKlÆZv e†w«¬ cvGœQ|
wdbÅvw´Öqvj Kv.mv.-2 (we‰gwU)-02N
1.4.2 FY cÉ`vGb eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvGii eÅenvi (Use of Banking Software for

Disbursement of Loan)
MÉvnGKi Õ¼vG^Æ cÉwZGhvwMZvq wUGK ^vKvi RbÅ evwYwRÅK eÅvsKàGjv cÉwZwbqZ ˆmevi gvb evwoGqB
PGjGQ| ZviB dGj eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvGii D«¿veb ‰es eÅenvi evoGQ| wbGP eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvGii
eÅenvi ˆÞò ZzGj aiv nGjv@
 AvaywbK ˆmev-myweav (Modern facilities): evsjvG`Gk Avw^ÆK LvGZi evRvi Pvwn`v ˆhgb e†w«¬
ˆcGqGQ, evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi msLÅvI ˆZgwb e†w«¬ ˆcGqGQ| evRvi `LGji RbÅ bZzbfvGe Õ©vwcZ
evwYwRÅK eÅvsKàGjv ˆhgb AvaywbK ˆmev-myweav mÁ¼wjZ eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvi eÅenvi KiGQ,
ˆZgwb mybvg mg†«¬ cyivZb evwYwRÅK eÅvsKàGjv ZvGì evRvi AÞzY² ivLvi RbÅ Core Banking
Software eÅenvi KGi MÉvnGKi AvÕ©v ARÆGbi ˆPÓ¡v KiGQ|
 ˆmevi mnRcÉvwµ¦ (Ease of service): cÉwZGhvwMZvq wUGK ^vKvi RbÅ Aaybv Õ©vwcZ eÅvsKàGjv
MÉvnGKi ìRvq Kov bvoGQ| A^Ævr ‰GR´Ÿ eÅvswKs, DckvLvi gvaÅGg eÅvsKàGjv RbMGYi
ìRvq wMGq eÅvswKs ˆmev w`GœQ| ‰Qvov MÉvnGKi AvÕ©v ARÆGbi RbÅ mdUIqÅvi eÅenvi KGi
KvhÆKÌGgi Õ¼œQZvI wbwøZ KiGQ|
 D®²ZgvGbi eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvi (High quality banking software): evsjvG`Gki wewf®²
evwYwRÅK eÅvsK wewf®² eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvi eÅenvi KGi| Zvi gGaÅ AwaKvsk evwYwRÅK eÅvsK
T24 Software eÅenvi KGi| ‰wU myBRvijÅvG´£i ŠZwi ‰KwU D®²ZgvGbi Core Banking
Software| ‰wU «¼viv eÅvsGKi evwYwRÅK KvhÆKÌGgi A-Z mÁ·v`b Kiv hvq| ‰i gvaÅGg Õ¼œQZv
ˆhgb wbwøZ nq, ˆZgwb Kg mgGq KvhÆ mÁ·v`b Kiv hvq| ‰wU QvovI AGbK evwYwRÅK eÅvsK
AbÅvbÅ Core Banking Software eÅenvi KGi| ˆ`kxq 2/3wU Core Banking Software
iGqGQ, ˆhàGjv KGqKwU eÅvsK eÅenvi KiGQ|
 FY AbyGgv`b (Loan approval): FY cÉ`vb KvhÆKÌg eÅvswKs hveZxq KvhÆKÌGgi ‰KwU

Askgvò| ‰B FY cÉ`vb KvhÆKÌGgI eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvi eÅenvi Kiv nq| mvaviYZ FGYi RbÅ
AvGe`bKvixi AvGe`bcGòi mvG^ mshyÚ cÉGqvRbxq WKzGg´ŸàGjv hvPvB KGi ‰KwU FGYi cÉÕ¦ve
(Loan Proposal) ŠZwi Kiv nq| ‰wU ŠZwii mvG^ mvG^B H AÅvcGm (CIB AÅvcm) wMGq
hveZxq Z^Å mw®²GewkZ KiGZ nq| AZtci FY`vb c«¬wZi wbqg ˆgGb cieZÆx c`GÞc MÉnGYi
RbÅ kvLv gÅvGbRvi/AvçwjK gÅvGbRvi/ˆRvbvj gÅvGbRvi/cÉavb KvhÆvjGq ˆcÉiY Kiv nq|
AZtci Zv wbG`ÆwkZ ˆWGÕ• wewa ˆgvZvGeK AvGjvPbvi ci cieZÆx ˆWGÕ• cvVvGbv nq| ‰fvGe
weÕ¦vwiZ AvGjvPbvi ci FY AbyGgv`b Kiv nq|
 FY weZiY (Loan disbursement): FY AbyGgv`Gbi cieZÆxGZ hveZxq Awdwmqvj KvhÆKÌg
mÁ·v`Gbi ci Zvi AvGe`bKvixi WKzGg´ŸàGjv h^vh^ msiÞYcƒeÆK Loan Disbursement-‰i
RbÅ kvLvq ˆcÉiY Kiv nq| eÅvsGKi kvLv FY wnmveavixi wnmvGe AbyGgv`bK‡Z FGYi A^Æ
ˆKÌwWU/Rgv KGi| A^Ævr FY cÉÕ¦ve ŠZwi ˆ^GK FGYi A^Æ QvoKiGYi RbÅ FY wnmveavixi wnmvGe
FGYi A^Æ ˆKÌwWU Kiv chÆ¯¦ hveZxq KvR ‰B eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvGii gvaÅGg Kiv nq| ‰LvGb
DGÍÏL Kiv cÉGqvRb ˆh, FY AbyGgv`b cÉwKÌqvi wewf®² avGc KLb ˆKv^vq cÉÕ¦vewU iGqGQ Zv FGYi
AvGe`bKvix RvbGZ cvGi|
 FYMÉnxZvGK FY cwiGkvGai Z^Å RvbvGbv (Inform the borrower about loan repayment
information): FY AbyGgv`Gbi ci Zv KZ wKwÕ¦i gGaÅ KZ UvKv KGi wKwÕ¦ cwiGkva KiGZ
nGe Zvi weÕ¦vwiZ FYMÉnxZvGK wWwRUvj gvaÅg eÅenvi KGi RvwbGq ˆÌqv nq| ‰gbwK cÉwZwU
wKwÕ¦ ˆÌqvi cƒGeÆ FYMÉnxZvi wWfvBGm (ˆgvevBj ˆdvb ev B-ˆgBGj) gÅvGmR PGj hvq| eÅvswKs
KvhÆKÌGgi Z^v FY`vb cÉwKÌqvi Õ¼œQZvi RbÅ eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvGii gvaÅGg MÉvnGKi cÉGqvRbxq me
Z^Å MÉvnGKi wWfvBGm mivmwi PGj hvq| ‰GZ MÉvnGKi ˆhgb m¯§wÓ¡ AvGm, ˆZgwb eÅvsGKi
KvhÆKÌGgI MwZ mçvwiZ nq| evsjvG`Gki cÉvq me evwYwRÅK eÅvsK ‰B Core Banking
Software-‰i gvaÅGg FY`vb cÉwKÌqv mÁ·v`b KGi|
1. eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvi Kx?
2. eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvGii eÅenvi ˆÞò ˆjGLv|
3. Core Banking Software Kx?
4. T24 Software Kx?
5. CIB AÅvcm Kx?
6. Loan disbursement KxfvGe Kiv nq?
7. FY cwiGkvGai Z^Åmgƒn eÅvsK KxfvGe FYMÉnxZvGK Rvbvq?
gwWDj 1: eÅenvwiK Ask

eÅvswKs FY cwiPvjbv
‰ gwWDGji ReàGjv mÁ·®² KGi Avgiv

1.1 eÅvswKs FY AvGe`b diIqvwWÆs KiGZ cvie;
1.2 eÅvswKs FY géyi KiGZ cvie;
1.3 FY cÉ`vGb eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvGii eÅenvi KiGZ cvie|
Re 1.1 eÅvswKs FY AvGe`b diIqvwWÆs

cvi`wkÆZv wbYÆvqK:
1.1.1 eÅvsK FGYi RbÅ AvGe`b dig MÉvnKGì cÉ`vb KiGe;
1.1.2 cƒiYK‡Z AvGe`b dig hvPvB-evQvB KiGe;
1.1.3 FGYi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq WKzGg´Ÿm (ÛÇW jvBGm´Ö, TIN bÁ¼i, Qwe, MÅviv´ŸGii bvg I
wVKvbv) msMÉn ‰es hvPvB-evQvB KiGe;
1.1.4 MÉvnGKi CIB msMÉn Kivi RbÅ mswkÏÓ¡ wefvGM ˆcÉiY KiGe;
1.1.5 hveZxq Z^Åvewj I WKzGg´Ÿm cÉÕ¦ve AvKvGi Ea»ÆZb KZ‡ÆcGÞi KvGQ ˆcÉiY KiGe|
K. Zî½:
eÅvsK FY: eÅvsK nGjv ‰gb ‰KwU Avw^ÆK cÉwZÓ¤vb hvi cÉavb KvR RbMGYi KvQ ˆ^GK msM†nxZ
AvgvbGZi A^Æ myGì wewbgGq eÅemvqxGì avi ˆÌqv| myGì wewbgGq eÅvsK cÉ`î ‰B aviB
nGjv eÅvsK FY|
FY weGkÏlY: FGYi A^Æ hvGZ wbaÆvwiZ mgGq my`mGgZ eÅvsGK ˆdiZ AvGm ˆmRbÅ FY`vGbi cƒGeÆ
FGYi cÉK‡wZ weGkÏlY A^Ævr, FYMÉnxZvi PvwiwòK ŠewkÓ¡Å, Avw^ÆK mvg^ÆÅ, ˆjbG`Gbi cƒeÆ BwZnvm,
FY MÉnGYi DGókÅ cÉf‡wZ welq wePvi-weGkÏlY Kivi cÉwKÌqvGK FY weGkÏlY eGj|
FGYi RvgvbZ: eÅvsK FY ev AwMÉGgi wbivcîv weavGbi jGÞÅ cÉ`î FY ev AwMÉGgi wecixGZ
ˆKvGbv gƒjÅevb mÁ·` e®¬K ivLvi ev FYMÉnxZvi eÅwÚMZ ev ˆKvGbv Z‡ZxqcGÞi eÅwÚMZ
RvwgGbi ˆh eG±`veÕ¦ Kiv nq ZvGK FGYi RvgvbZ eGj|
FGYi SzuwK: eÅvsK ˆh FY ˆ`q my`mGgZ Zvi wKwÕ¦ h^vmgGq ˆdiZ AvmGe ˆmUvB ˆm cÉZÅvkv
KGi| hw` Zv h^vmgGq ˆdiZ cvIqv bv hvq ZvnGj ˆh SzuwKi m†wÓ¡ nq ZvGK FGYi SzuwK eGj|
CIB: CIB ‰i cƒYÆi…c nGœQ Credit Information Bureau| CIB nGœQ evsjvG`k eÅvsK KZ‡ÆK
cÉYxZ ‰KwU bxwZgvjv| ‰i gvaÅGg ˆKvGbv MÉvnGKi FY MÉnGYi mgq H MÉvnK cƒGeÆ ˆKvGbv FY
wbGqwQj wK bv Zv ˆ`Lv nq| FY wbGq ^vKGj ˆm mgqgGZv FGYi wKwÕ¦ ev cyGiv FY cwiGkva
KGiGQ/KiGQ wK bv ZvI ˆ`Lv nq|
L. eÅwÚMZ myiÞv miévg:

gvÕ• I nÅv´£ ˆmwbUvBRvi|
M. cÉGqvRbxq h¯¨cvwZ:
KwÁ·DUvi, Õ•Åvbvi I wcÉ´Ÿvi ˆmU|
N. cÉGqvRbxq DcKiY:
KvMR I Kjg, FGYi AvGe`b dig, ‰bAvBwW, R®Â wbe®¬b mb`, cvmGcvUÆ mvBGRi Qwe,
MÅviv´ŸGii Qwe, wVKvbv I Õ¼vÞihyÚ mÁÃwZcò, TIN mvwUÆwdGKU, ÛÇW jvBGm´Ö/êZb weeiYx,
eÅemvGqi gvwjKvbvmsKÌv¯¦ `wjj, KÅvjKzGjUi|
O. KvGRi aviv:
1.1.1 eÅvsK FGYi RbÅ AvGe`b dig MÉvnKGì cÉ`vb Kiv|
1. cÉGqvRbxq ˆPKwjÕ¡ Abyhvqx eÅvsK FGYi AvGe`bcGòi me Z^Å hvPvB KGiv|
2. MÉvnGKi eÅemvGqi aib ev wewbGqvGMi aib Abyhvqx eÅvsK FYàGjvi myweav-AmyweavàGjv
AewnZ KGiv|
3. FGYi RvgvbZ ‰es FY cwiGkvGai hveZxq welq MÉvnGKi mGã AvGjvPbv KGiv|
4. MÉvnGKi cÉGqvRb Abyhvqx eÅvsK FY MÉnGYi welGq civgkÆ `vI|
5. MÉvnGKi FYmsKÌv¯¦ hveZxq `wjjvw` I Z^Åvewj h^vÕ©vGb msiÞY KGiv|
6. KvR ˆkGl eÅen†Z cÉGqvRbxq DcKiY h^vÕ©vGb msiÞY KGiv|
Loan Application Form

Name/Address
Last: First Middle Intial Title:
Name of Business: TIN:
Address:
City: State: Post Code: Phone:
Company Information
Type of Business: In Business Sicne:
Legal Form Under which Business Operates:
Corporation Partnership Single
If Divison/Subsidiary, Naem of Parent Company: In Business Since:
Name of Company Principal Responsible for Business Transcations: Title:
Address: City: State: Phone:
Name of Company Principal Responsible for Business Transcations: Title:
Address: City: State: Phone:
Bank References
Institution Naem: Institution Naem: Institution Naem:
Checking Account#: Savings Account#: Home Equity Loan: Loan Balane:
Address: Address: Address
Phone: Phone: Phone:
Trade References
Company Name: Company Name: Company Name:
Contact Name: Contact Name: Contact Name:
Address: Address: Address:
Phone: Phone: Phone:
Account Opened Since Account Opened Since Account Opened Since
Credit Limit: Credit Limit: Credit Limit:
Current Balance: Current Balance: Current Balance:
I hereby certify that the information contained herein is complete and accurate. This information has been furnished
with the understanding that it is to be used to determine the amount and condtions of the loan to be exteneded.
Furthemore, I hereby authorize the financial institutions listed in this loan application to release necessary
information to the company for which loan is being applied for in order to verify the information contained herein.
Signature Date
1.1.2 cƒiYK‡Z AvGe`b dig hvPvB-evQvB Kiv|

1. cÉGqvRbxq ˆPKwjÕ¡ Abyhvqx eÅvsK FGYi
AvGe`bcGò DGÍÏwLZ me `wjjvw` hvPvB
KGiv|
2. hveZxq Z^Å hvPvBGqi ci cieZÆx KvhÆvG^Æ
wefvMxq cÉavGbi ˆWGÕ• ˆcÉiY KGiv|
3. KvR ˆkGl eÅen†Z cÉGqvRbxq DcKiY
h^vÕ©vGb msiÞY KGiv|
1.1.3 FGYi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq WKzGg´Ÿm (ÛÇW jvBGm´Ö, TIN bÁ¼i, Qwe, MÅviv´ŸGii bvg I
wVKvbv) msMÉn ‰es hvPvB-evQvB Kiv|
1. eÅvsK FGYi AvGe`bcGò DGÍÏwLZ mKj `wjjvw` Avjv`vfvGe msMÉn KGi mvwRGq bvI|
2. ÛÇW jvBGm´Ö, TIN bÁ¼i hvPvB KGiv ‰es MÅviv´ŸGii ‰i mvG^ mÁ¿e nGj mivmwi Aêv
ÛwjGdvGb Avjvc KGi Z^Åvw` hvPvB KGiv|
3. MÉvnGKi mGã cvmGcvUÆ AvKvGii Qwe wgwjGq ˆ`GLv|
1.1.4 MÉvnGKi CIB msMÉn Kivi RbÅ mswkÏÓ¡ wefvGM ˆcÉiY Kiv|
1. AvGe`bcGòi hveZxq Z^Å hvPvB-evQvB ‰i ci MÉvnGKi CIB msMÉn Kivi RbÅ mswkÏÓ¡
wefvGM ˆcÉiY KGiv|
2. CIB wiGcvUÆ AbyKG„ j nGj cieZÆx KvhÆvG^Æ wefvMxq cÉavGbi ˆWGÕ• ˆcÉiY KGiv|
1.1.5 hveZxq Z^Åvewj I WKzGg´Ÿm cÉÕ¦ve AvKvGi Ea»ÆZb KZ‡ÆcGÞi KvGQ ˆcÉiY Kiv|
1. CIB wiGcvUÆmn AvGe`bKvixi hveZxq KvMRcò FY AbyGgv`Gbi RbÅ Ea»ÆZb KZ‡ÆcGÞi
KvGQ ˆcÉiY KGiv|
2. FY AbyGgv`Gbi ci Zv mswkÏÓ¡ kvLvq ˆcÉwiZ nGj MÉvnKGK Zv AewnZ KGiv|
3. AbyGgvw`Z FGYi UvKv MÉvnGKi wnmvGe Rgv KGiv|
P. djvdj:
ewYÆZ KvGRi aviv Abyhvqx eÅvsK FY AbyGgv`b cÉwKÌqv Avqî Kiv nGjv|
Q. mZKÆZv:
 gvÕ• cGi I fvGjvfvGe nÅv´£ ˆmwbUvBR KGi eÅvsGK cÉGek Kiv;
 eÅvsK ev cÉwZÓ¤vGbi fvegƒwZÆ ÞzY² nq ‰gb ˆKvGbv Z^Å MÉvnGKi mvgGb DcÕ©vcb bv Kiv;
 MÉvnGKi hveZxq `wjjvw` I Z^Å h^vÕ©vGb msiÞY Kiv, hvGZ Z^Å AbÅ ˆKD AbÅ ˆKvGbv
KvGR eÅenvi KiGZ bv cvGi;
 AcÉGqvRbxq ev AhvwPZ K^v bv ejv;
 MÉvnGKi mvG^ AGkvfb AvPiY bv Kiv;
 KvR ˆkGl Sign out KGi KwÁ·DUvi AÅvcm ˆ^GK êi nGq hvIqv|
R. AvñcÉwZdjb:
 Zî½xq AsGki ci eÅenvwiK KvR KGi Avgvi Lye fvGjv ˆjGMGQ| ‰fvGe nvGZ-KjGg KvR
KiGj wkLb Avb±``vqK nq;
 eÅvsK FY géyGii cvi`wkÆZv ARÆGbi gvaÅGg AbÅ MÉvnKGì mwVKfvGe FY MÉnGY civgkÆ
ˆÌqvi AvMÉn e†w«¬ ˆcGqGQ| fwelÅGZ ‰ aiGbi KvR Avwg wbfzÆjfvGe KiGZ cviGev;
 KgÆGÞGò Avñwek¼vGmi mvG^ eÅvsK FY AvGe`b diIqvwWÆsmsKÌv¯¦ KvRàGjv h^vh^fvGe
KiGZ cviGev|
Re 1.2 eÅvswKs FY géyi

1.2.1 mswkÏÓ¡ wefvM nGZ FGYi géyicò msMÉn KiGe;
1.2.2 géyicGò DGÍÏwLZ RvgvbZ/ZdwmjfzÚ mÁ·wî eÅvsGK e®¬K cÉ`vb KiGe;
1.2.3 AbyGgvw`Z eÅvsK FY MÉvnGKi wnmvGe Rgv/ˆcÉiY KiGe|
K. Zî½:
FY weGkÏlY: FGYi A^Æ hvGZ wbaÆvwiZ mgGq my`mGgZ eÅvsGK ˆdiZ AvGm ˆmRbÅ FY`vGbi cƒGeÆ
FGYi cÉK‡wZ weGkÏlY A^Ævr, FYMÉnxZvi PvwiwòK ŠewkÓ¡Å, Avw^ÆK mvg^ÆÅ, ˆjbG`Gbi cƒeÆ BwZnvm,
FY MÉnGYi DGókÅ cÉf‡wZ welq wePvi-weGkÏlY Kivi cÉwKÌqvGK FY weGkÏlY eGj|
FGYi RvgvbZ: eÅvsK FY ev AwMÉGgi wbivcîv weavGbi jGÞÅ cÉ`î FY ev AwMÉGgi wecixGZ
ˆKvGbv gƒjÅevb mÁ·` e®¬K ivLvi ev FYMÉnxZvi eÅwÚMZ ev ˆKvGbv Z‡ZxqcGÞi eÅwÚMZ
RvwgGbi ˆh eG±`veÕ¦ Kiv nq ZvGK FGYi RvgvbZ eGj|
FGYi SzuwK: eÅvsK ˆh FY ˆ`q my`mGgZ Zvi wKwÕ¦ h^vmgGq ˆdiZ AvmGe ˆmUvB ˆm cÉZÅvkv
KGi| hw` Zv h^vmgGq ˆdiZ cvIqv bv hvq ZvnGj ˆh SzuwKi m†wÓ¡ nq ZvGK FGYi SzuwK eGj|

eÅemvGqi gvwjKvbvmsKÌv¯¦ `wjj, RvgvbZmsKÌv¯¦ `wjj, KÅvjKzGjUi|
O. KvGRi aviv:
1.2.1 mswkÏÓ¡ wefvM nGZ FGYi géywicò msMÉn Kiv|
1. FGYi géyicò cÉavb KvhvÆjq ˆ^GK Avmvi ci Zv kvLv AwdGm msiÞY KGiv|
2. MÉvnKGK FY AbyGgv`Gbi welqwU AewnZ KGiv|
1.2.2 géyicGò DGÍÏwLZ RvgvbZ/ZdwmjfzÚ mÁ·wî eÅvsGK e®¬K cÉ`vb Kiv

1. RvgvbZmsKÌv¯¦ hveZxq `wjj ev KvMRcò cybivq hvPvB-evQvB, cÉGqvRGb AvBbRxex «¼viv
hvPvB-evQvB KGiv|
2. RvgvbZmsKÌv¯¦ hvPvB-evQvB wiGcvUÆ AbyK„j nGj RvgvbGZi `wjj h^vÕ©vGb msiÞY KGiv|
1.2.3 AbyGgvw`Z eÅvsK FY MÉvnGKi wnmvGe Rgv/ˆcÉiY Kiv|

1. RvgvbZmsKÌv¯¦ mKj `wjjvw`
msiÞGYi ci AbyGgvw`Z eÅvsK FY
MÉvnGKi wnmvGe Rgv KGiv;
2. MÉvnGKi FYmsKÌv¯¦ hveZxq `wjj I
Z^Åvewj h^vÕ©vGb msiÞY KGiv|
3. KvR ˆkGl eÅen†Z cÉGqvRbxq
DcKiY h^vÕ©vGb msiÞY KGiv|
P. djvdj:
ewYÆZ KvGRi aviv Abyhvqx eÅvsK FY géyi cÉwKÌqv Avqî Kiv nGjv|
Q. mZKÆZv:
 MÉvnGKi hveZxq `wjjvw` I Z^Å h^vÕ©vGb msiÞY Kiv, hvGZ Z^ÅàGjv AbÅ ˆKD AbÅ
ˆKvGbv KvGR eÅenvi KiGZ bv cvGi;
 KvR GkGl Sign out KGi KwÁ·DUvi AÅvcm ˆ^GK êi nGq hvIqv|
R. AvñcÉwZdjb:
KiGj wkLb Avb±``vqK nq|
 eÅvsK FY géyGii cvi`wkÆZv ARÆGbi gvaÅGg AbÅ MÉvnKGì mwVKfvGe FY MÉnGY civgkÆ
ˆÌqvi AvMÉn e†w«¬ ˆcGqGQ| fwelÅGZ ‰ aiGbi KvR Avwg wbfzÆjfvGe KiGZ cviGev|
 KgÆGÞGò Avñwek¼vGmi mvG^ eÅvswKs FY géyimsKÌv¯¦ KvRàGjv h^vh^fvGe KiGZ cviGev|
Re 1.3 FY cÉ`vGb eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvGii eÅenvi

1.3.1 eÅvsGK eÅen†Z wewf®² eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvimgƒn wPwn×Z KiGe;
1.3.2 FY cÉ`vGb eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvi eÅenvi KiGe|
K. Zî½:
eÅvsK FY: eÅvsK nGjv ‰gb ‰KwU Avw^ÆK cÉwZÓ¤vb hvi cÉavb KvR RbMGYi KvQ ˆ^GK msM†nxZ
AvgvbGZi A^Æ myGì wewbgGq eÅemvqxGì avi ˆÌqv| myGì wewbgGq eÅvsK cÉ`î ‰B aviB
nGjv eÅvsK FY|
eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvi: ˆh mdUIqvGii gvaÅGg eÅvswKs KvhÆKÌg mÁ·v`b Kiv nq ZvGK eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvi
eGj| mdjfvGe eÅvswKs KvhÆKÌg mÁ·v`b Kivi RbÅ evwYwRÅK eÅvsKàGjv Core Banking
Software eÅenvi KGi ^vGK| ‰GZ eÅvswKs KvhÆKÌGgi ÷i‚ ˆ^GK ˆkl chÆ¯¦ me KvR mdUIqÅvGii
gvaÅGg Kiv hvq| evsjvG`Gk AwaKvsk evwYwRÅK eÅvsK T24 SoftwarewU eÅenvi KGi|
CIB: CIB-‰i cƒYÆi…c nGœQ Credit Information Bureau| CIB nGœQ evsjvG`k eÅvsK KZÆ†K
cÉYxZ ‰KwU bxwZgvjv| hvi gvaÅGg ˆKvGbv MÉvnGKi FY MÉnGYi mgq H MÉvnK cƒGeÆ ˆKvGbv FY
wbGqwQj wK bv Zv ˆ`Lv nq| FY wbGq ^vKGj MÉvnK mgqgGZv FGYi wKwÕ¦ ev cyGiv FY cwiGkva
KGiGQ/KiGQ wK bv ZvI ˆ`Lv nq|

eÅemvGqi gvwjKvbvmsKÌv¯¦ `wjj, RvgvbZmsKÌv¯¦ `wjj, eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvi, KÅvjKzGjUi|
O. KvGRi aviv:
1.3.1 eÅvsGK eÅen†Z wewf®² eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvimgƒn wPwn×Z Kiv|
1. KwÁ·DUvi Pvjy Kivi ci mKj ˆcÉvMÉvg wVK AvGQ wK bv hvPvB KGi bvI|
2. AZtci Core Banking Software AÅvcm-‰ cÉGek KGiv|
3. H AÅvcm-‰ me Z^Å BbmvUÆ/cÉGek KivI|
4. Core Banking Software eÅenvi KGi MÉvnGKi Z^Å CIB wiGcvGUÆi RbÅ evsjvG`k eÅvsGK
ˆcÉiY KGiv|
1.3.2 FY cÉ`vGb eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvi eÅenvi Kiv|

1. FY AvGe`Gbi me Z^Å eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvi ev Core Banking Software-‰i gvaÅGg
eÅvsGKi mvfÆvGi cÉGek KivI|
2. cÉavb KvhvÆjqmn me ˆWGÕ• ‰B mdUIqÅvi eÅenvi KGi cieZÆx wm«¬vG¯¦i RbÅ ˆcÉiY KGiv|
3. eÅvsK FY AbyGgv`bmn hveZxq Z^Å h^vÕ©vGb msiÞY KGiv|
P. djvdj:
ewYÆZ KvGRi aviv Abyhvqx FY cÉ`vGb eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvi eÅenvGii cÉwKÌqv Avqî Kiv nGjv|
Q. mZKÆZv:
 MÉvnGKi hveZxq `wjjvw` I Z^Å h^vÕ©vGb msiÞY Kiv, hvGZ Z^ÅàGjv AbÅ ˆKD AbÅ
ˆKvGbv KvGR eÅenvi KiGZ bv cvGi;
 Core Banking Software eÅenvGii mgq wbw`ÆÓ¡ evUGb wKÑK Kiv;
 AcÉGqvRbxq ev AhvwPZ K^v bv ejv;
 KvR ˆkGl Sign out KGi KwÁ·DUvi AÅvcm ˆ^GK êi nGq hvIqv|
R. AvñcÉwZdjb:
KiGj wkLb Avb±``vqK nq|
 eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvi eÅenvi Avgvi KwÁ·DUvi eÅenvGii `ÞZvGK AvGiv kvwbZ KGiGQ| Avgvi
AbÅ mnKgÆxGì mnGRB ‰B eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvi eÅenvi KiGZ mnGhvwMZv KiGZ cviGev|
 KgÆGÞGò eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvi eÅenvi KGi Avñwek¼vGmi mvG^ eÅvsK FY cwiPvjbv msKÌv¯¦
KvRàGjv h^vh^fvGe KiGZ cviGev|
‰ AaÅvGqi cÉavb kõwfwîK mvimsGÞc
kõmgƒn weeiY
eÅvsK FY (Bank eÅvsK Zvi Znwej ˆ^GK bM` A^Æ I AbÅvbÅ `wjj ev FYcGòi gvaÅGg ˆh
Loan) FY cÉ`vb KGi ZvGK eÅvsK FY eGj|
FY weGkÏlY (Credit FY ˆÌqvi cƒGeÆ FY`vZv KZ‡ÆK FYcÉKÍ¸ I RvgvbZmsKÌv¯¦ wewf®² Z^Å
Analysis) wePvi-weGkÏlY KivGK FY weGkÏlY eGj|
avi (Loan) ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ cwigvY A^Æ wbw`ÆÓ¡ ˆgqvGì RbÅ wbw`ÆÓ¡ myGì nvGi MÉvnKGK
AwMÉg cÉ`vb KiGj ZvGK avi eGj|
bM` FY (Cash eÅvsK gƒjÅevb RvgvbZ ˆhgb e´£ ev wmwKDwiwU Aêv eÅwÚMZ RvgvbZ îGL
Loan) ˆh FY ˆ`q ZvGK bM` FY eGj|
RgvwZwiÚ FY PzwÚ Abyhvqx eÅvsK PjwZ wnmvGei MÉvnKGK Zvi Rgvi AwZwiÚ DGîvjGbi
(Bank Overdraft) myGhvM w`Gj ZvGK eÅvsK RgvwZwiÚ FY eGj|
evwYwRÅK FY ˆh FY eÅemvwqK DGóGkÅ cÉ`vb Kiv nq ZvGK evwYwRÅK FY eGj|
(Commercial
Credit)
cÉZÅqcò (Letter of ˆh cGòi gvaÅGg eÅvsK Avg`vwbKviGKi cGÞ ‰es iµ¦vwbKviGKi AbyK„Gj ‰
Credit) gGgÆ cÉwZkÉ‚wZ ˆ`q ˆh, Avg`vwbKviK cYÅgƒjÅ cwiGkva bv KiGj eÅvsK Zv
wbGR cwiGkva KiGe ZvGK cÉZÅqcò eGj|
eÅvsK Avævcò Pvwnevgvò cÉvcKGK A^Æ cwiGkvGai RbÅ eÅvsGKi ‰K kvLv KZ‡ÆK AbÅ kvLv
(Bank Draft) ev cÉwZwbwa eÅvsKGK ˆh wjwLZ AvG`k ˆÌqv nq ZvGK eÅvsK Avævcò eGj|
ˆc-AWÆvi (Pay- ˆh FGYi `wjGji gvaÅGg eÅvsGKi ‰K kvLv AbÅ kvLvGK ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡
order) cwigvY A^Æ cwiGkvGai wbG`Æk cÉ`vb KGi ZvGK ˆc-AWÆvi eGj|
ögYKvixi cÉZÅqcò ögYKvixi AbyK„Gj eÅvsK ˆh cÉZÅqcò BmyÅ KGi weG`kÕ© kvLv ev cÉwZwbwaGK
(Travellers letter of A^Æ cÉ`vGbi wbG`Æk ˆ`q ZvGK ögYKvixi cÉZÅqcò eGj|
credit)
kõmgƒn weeiY
ögYKvixi ˆPK ögYKvGj weG`Gk A^Æ msMÉGni RbÅ eÅvsK ögYKvixGì ˆh weGkl aiGbi
(Traveller's ˆPK BmyÅ KGi ZvGK ögYKvixi ˆPK eGj|
Cheque)
mvKÆyjvi ˆPK ˆh ˆPGKi gvaÅGg ögYKvix ev chÆUK weG`kÕ© cÉPviKvix eÅvsGKi ‰KvwaK
(Circular Cheque) kvLv ev cÉwZwbwai KvQ ˆ^GK A^Æ msMÉn KiGZ cvGi ZvGK mvKzÆjvi ˆPK eGj|
eÅvsK RvgvbZ FY cwiGkvGai wbøqZv weavGbi jGÞÅ FYMÉnxZv eÅvsGK ˆh mÁ·wî ev
(Bank Mortgage) MÅvivw´Ÿ e®¬K ivGL ZvGK eÅvsK RvgvbZ eGj|
FGYi SzuwK (Credit eÅvsK cÉ`î FGYi A^Æ h^vh^ mgGq h^vh^ cwigvGY bv cvIqvi SzuwKB FGYi
Risk) Szwu K|
eÅwÚMZ RvgvbZ eÅvsK hLb FYMÉnxZv Qvov AbÅ ˆKvGbv Z‡ZxqcGÞi wbøqZvi wecixGZ FY
(Personal cÉ`vb KGi ZLb H Z‡ZxqcÞGK eÅwÚMZ RvgvbZ eGj|
Mortgage)
AeÅwÚMZ RvgvbZ eÅvsK FY`vbKvGj hLb FGYi RvgvbZ wnGmGe FYMÉnxZvi KvQ ˆ^GK Õ©vei
(Non-personal ev AÕ©vei mÁ·wî e®¬K ivGL ZLb ZvGK AeÅwÚMZ RvgvbZ eGj|
mortgage)
cƒeÆÕ¼Z½ (Lien) RvgvbZK‡Z mÁ·wî FY cwiGkvwaZ bv nIqv chÆ¯¦ AvUGK ivLvi ‰es
cÉGqvRGb Zv wewKÌ Kivi AwaKvix nGj ZvGK cƒeÆÕ¼Z½ eGj|
AwZwiÚ RvgvbZ eÅvsK FGYi A^Æ ˆdiZ cvIqvi wbøqZv wnGmGe gƒj RvgvbGZi evBGi ˆKvGbv
(Additional RvgvbZ msiÞY KiGj ZvGK AwZwiÚ RvgvbZ eGj|
Mortgage)
Mviwbwk AvG`k MÉvnGKi ˆKvGbv wnmvGei ˆjbG`b Õ©wMZ ev e®¬ Kivi RbÅ Av`vjZ eÅvsKGK
(Garnishee Order) ˆh AvG`k ˆ`q ZvGK Mviwbwk AvG`k eGj|
FY AvgvbZ m†wÓ¡ ˆh Awfbe c¯©vq evwYwRÅK eÅvsK mivmwi bM` FY cÉ`vb bv KGi FYMÉnxZvi
(Loan Deposit wnmvGe Õ©vbv¯¦i KGi cybivq AvgvbZ ˆ^GK bZzb FGYi m†wÓ¡ KGi ZvGK FY
Creation) AvgvbZ m†wÓ¡ eGj|
ˆgqvw` FY (Term- bZzb ˆKvGbv wkÍ¸ Movi RbÅ e†nr AGâi FY hw` ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ ˆgqvGì RbÅ
Loan) cÉ`vb Kiv nq ZGe ZvGK ˆgqvw` FY eGj|
CIB CIB nGœQ evsjvG`k eÅvsK KZ‡ÆK cÉYxZ ‰KwU bxwZgvjv, hvi gvaÅGg ˆKvGbv
MÉvnGKi FY MÉnGYi mÁ¿vebv weGkÏlY Kiv nq| CIB-‰i cƒYÆi…c nGjv Credit
Information Bureau|
eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvi mdjfvGe eÅvswKs KvhÆKÌg mÁ·ƒYÆ Kivi RbÅ evwYwRÅK eÅvsKàGjv ˆh
(Banking mdUIqÅvi eÅenvi KGi ZvGK eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvi eGj|
Software)
T24 T24 ‰KwU eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvi| hvi gvaÅGg `Ë‚Z, wbivcG` ‰es wbfzÆjfvGe
eÅvswKs KvR mÁ·v`b Kiv hvq|
Abykxjbx
K. mswÞµ¦ cÉk²
1. eÅvsK FY Kx?
2. FY weGkÏlY KvGK eGj?
3. eÅvsK RvgvbZ Kx?
4. eÅvsK FY KZ cÉKvi Kx Kx?
5. avi Kx?
6. bM` FY KvGK eGj?
7. eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvi KvGK eGj?
8. eÅwÚMZ RvgvbZ KvGK eGj?
9. AeÅwÚMZ RvgvbZ Kx?
10. cÉK‡wZMZ FY SzuwK KvGK eGj?
11. RgvwZwiÚ FY ejGZ Kx êvSvq?
12. evwYwRÅK FY KvGK eGj?
13. cÉZÅqcò Kx?
14. ˆc-AWÆvi Kx?
15. Mviwbwk AvG`k ˆKb cÉ`vb Kiv nq?
16. CIB Kx?
L. iPbvgƒjK cÉk²
1. FY MÉnGYi RbÅ AvekÅKxq `wjj eÅvLÅv KGiv|
2. eÅvsK RvgvbGZi cÉKviGf` AvGjvPbv KGiv|
3. FY mÁ·ËmviGY evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi f„wgKv eÅvLÅv KGiv|
4. evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi FY wÕ•gmgƒn eYÆbv KGiv|
5. eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvGii DcKvwiZv eÅvLÅv KGiv|
6. eÅvsK FY ejGZ Kx êvSvq I ‰i cÉKviGf` eYÆbv KGiv|
7. FY weGkÏlGYi c`GÞcmgƒn AvGjvPbv KGiv|
8. evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi FY`vb c«¬wZ eYÆbv KGiv|
9. eÅvsK RvgvbGZi ài‚Z½ AvGjvPbv KGiv|
10. FY-Szwu Ki cÉKviGf` eYÆbv KGiv|
11. eÅvsKvi-MÉvnK mÁ·KÆ eYÆbv KGiv|
12. eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvi mÁ·GKÆ aviYv `vI|
13. CIB-‰i KvR eYÆbv KGiv|

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‰BP‰mwm weRGbm gÅvGbRGg´Ÿ AÅv´£ ˆUKGbvjwR (we‰gwU) wkÞvKÌg I cvVÅmƒwP Abyhvqx cÉYxZ ‰es

43, wkÍ¸vPvhÆ Rqbyj AvGew`b moK

gwWDj 1: eÅvswKs FY cwiPvjbv

gwWDj-2: eÅvswKs B´ÖUÇ~Gg´Ÿm/Uzjm cwiPvjbv

gwWDj-3: ‰m‰gB ˆmev cÉ`vb

gwWDj-4: bb-eÅvswKs wdbÅvw´Öqvj KvhÆKÌg cwiPvjbv

AaÅvq 3: ‰m‰gB ˆmev cÉ`vb ....................................................................................... 125-148

AaÅvq 4: bb-eÅvswKs wdbÅvw´Öqvj KvhÆKÌg cwiPvjbv............................................... 149-192

AaÅvq 5: ŠeG`wkK ˆjbG`b cwiPvjbv ......................................................................... 193-240

1.1 eÅvsK FY (Bank Credit)

‰ Dc-AaÅvq cvV ˆkGl hv wkLe

1.1.1 eÅvsK FY-‰i aviYv (Concept of Bank Credit)

1.1.2 FY weGkÏlY-‰i aviYv (Concept of Credit Analysis)

wdbÅvw´Öqvj Kv.mv.-2 (we‰gwU)-01M

wbGP ‰G`i mswÞµ¦ weeiY ˆ`Iqv nGjv@

SzuwKi welqmgƒn ˆgvU ˆÕ•vi SzuwKi welqmgƒn ˆgvU ˆÕ•vi

EMI KÅvjKzGjUi Kx?

1.1.3 eÅvsK FGYi cÉKviGf` (Types of Bank Credit)

cÉK‡wZ Abyhvqx mgq Abyhvqx RvgvbGZi wfwîGZ DGóGkÅi wfwîGZ

K. Znwej ˆ^GK cÉ`î FY L. DGóGkÅi wfwîGZ eÅvsK FY

avi bM` FY RgvwZwiÚ FY evwYwRÅK `wjwj FY AevwYwRÅK `wjwj FY

cÉZÅqcò Avævcò ˆc-AWvÆi cÉwZkÉ‚wZcò

ögYKvixi ögYKvixi övgÅgvY mvKzj

K. evwYwRÅK FY (Commercial loan): eÅemv-evwYGRÅi DGóGkÅ ˆh FY cÉ`vb Kiv nq

N. AevwYwRÅK `wjwj FY (Non-commercial document loan): ˆh `wjwj FY

 ögYKvixi cÉZÅqcò (Traveler's certificate): ˆh cÉZÅqcò BmyÅi gvaÅGg eÅvsK Zvi

 AbÅvbÅ LvGZ cÉ`î FY (Credit given at other sectors):

M. iµ¦vwb-cƒeÆ FY (Packing or pre-shipment credit): mvaviYZ iµ¦vwbKviKGK cYÅ

wee†wZ eÅvsK FGYi aib

1.1.4. eÅvsGKi FY`vb c«¬wZ (Lending System of Bank)

1.2 eÅvsK RvgvbZ (Bank Mortgage)

‰ Dc-AaÅvq cvV ˆkGl hv wkLe

1.2.1 eÅvsK RvgvbZ-‰i aviYv (Concept of Bank Mortgage)

‰KK KvR: ‘eÅvsK RvgvbZ AvgvbZKvixi RbÅ AvkxeÆv`Õ¼i…c’ @ eÅvLÅv KGiv|

“Dîg RvgvbZ eÅvsK FGYi iÞvKeP” @ eÅvLÅv KGiv|

1.2.2 FGYi SzuwK I ‰i cÉKviGf` (Concept and Types of Credit Risk)

1.2.3 FY MÉnGYi RbÅ AvewkÅK `wjj (Documents Required for Borrowing)

4. wUAvB‰b (TIN) mvwUÆwdGKU (Tax Identification

1.2.4 eÅvsK RvgvbZ-‰i cÉKviGf` I ài‚Z½ (Types and Importance of

eÅwÚMZ RvgvbZ AeÅwÚMZ RvgvbZ AwZwiÚ RvgvbZ

cƒeÆÕ¼Z½ cYÅ`ËeÅ e®¬K Õ©vei mÁ·` `Ljnxb e®¬K

3. AwZwiÚ RvgvbZ (Additional collateral):

eÅvsK RvgvbGZi ài‚Z½ (Importance of Bank Mortgage)

1.2.5 eÅvsKvi-MÉvnK mÁ·KÆ (Banker-Customer Relationship)

wPò: eÅvsKvi KZ‡ÆK MÉvnKGK ˆmev cÉ`vb

Mviwbwk AvG`k ˆKb cÉ`vb Kiv nq?

1.3 FY mÁ·ËmviGY evwYwRÅK eÅvsK

‰ Dc-AaÅvq cvV ˆkGl hv wkLe

1.3.1 FY mÁ·ËmviGY evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi f„wgKv (Role of Commercial Bank

FY AvgvbZ m†wÓ¡ ev FY mÁ·ËmviY ˆKŒkj

L. AvgvbZ MÉnGYi gvaÅGg FY AvgvbZ m†wÓ¡ (Creation of loan deposit through

1.3.2 evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi FY wÕ•gmgƒn (Loan Schemes of Commercial Bank)

MEDICAL VACATION WEDDING HIGHER HOME

K. wmwm nvBGcv (Cash Credit

L. wmwm ˆµÏR (Cash Credit

1.3.3 CIB-‰i aviYv (Concept of CIB)

wdbÅvw´Öqvj Kv.mv.-2 (we‰gwU)-02L

1.4 FY cÉ`vb I MÉnGY Õ¼œQZv I wbqgvbyewZÆZv

evwYwRÅK eÅvsK wewf®² wnmvGei gvaÅGg

‰ Dc-AaÅvq cvV ˆkGl hv wkLe

wdbÅvw´Öqvj Kv.mv.-2 (we‰gwU)-02M

1.4.1 eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvi (Banking Software)

wPò: eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvi eÅenvi cÉwKÌqv

1.4.2 FY cÉ`vGb eÅvswKs mdUIqÅvGii eÅenvi (Use of Banking Software for