PEHUATAN KAL|UH N|TRAT

PEV8uATAN KALluV NlTRAT

l. Tujuar Pra|l||ur
Percooaar |r| d|ra|sud|ar urlu| rerpe|ajar| peroualar garar |a||ur r|lral ras|| rea|s| arlara
ralr|ur r|lral dergar |a||ur ||or|da dar rerpe|ajar| per|sarar garar lerseoul dar| ras|| sarp|rg
ralr|ur ||or|da oerdasar|ar peroedaar |e|arular.

ll. Pr|rs|p Percooaar
Pr|rs|p percooaar |r| d|dasar|ar pada per|sarar sualu garar ras|| sarp|rg ralr|ur ||or|da
oerdasar|ar peroedaar |e|arular sel|ap oarar yarg a|ar d|p|sar|ar.

lll. Teor|
Pada ururrya ||la l|da| rergelaru| |orpos|s| dar| |arular sarpe| yarg a|ar d|ara||s|s, ser|rgga
su||l urlu| reroual |arular slardar yarg rerpurya| |orpos|s| |or|| yarg sarra dergar |arular
corlor. urlu| rergalas| ra| |r| d|oual sualu reloda yarg d|seoul seoaga| reloda |e|ualar |or lelap.
Veloda |r| d||a|u|ar dergar cara rercarpur|ar sualu |arular yarg rerpurya| |e|ualar |or cu|up
l|rgg| |e da|ar |arular slardar dar |e da|ar |arular corlor. 0ergar der|||ar peroedaar |edua |or
dar| |edua |arular yarg rerpurya| |orserlras| yarg oeroeda dapal d|aoa||ar ser|rgga |e|ualar |or
rerjad| |orslar (PurWad|,2000).
ujurg s|relr| dar| po|a georelr|s ro|e|u|-ro|e|u| ada|ar sa|ar salu dar| |urpu|ar yarg |uar o|asa
alau sara dergar |r|sla| yarg rara le|ar d|del|r|s||ar seoaga| |eadaar yarg o|asa (urur) urlu|
serua s|lal-s|lalrya lap| la| |eo|r dar| seouar/sualu |rd||as|. 0asar po|o| persoa|ar pr|rs|p |r| ada|ar
s|relr| dar| slru|lura| |r|sla| da|ar pra|le|rya ada|ar |edua pos|s| s|relr| dar |rlers|las dar| s|rar X
alau d|lra|s| spe|lrur reulror (L|rgale|ler, 1985).
Ka||ur r|lral rerupa|ar suroer a|ar| r|rera| r|lroger. 3eryaWa |r| lergo|org seryaWa r|lral dergar
rurus ||r|a KN03. |a||ur r|lral Verupa|ar |orporer ouou| r|lar lero|s|das| (d|sup|a| o|s|ger).
3eoe|ur l||sas| |rduslr| r|lroger s|a|a oesar (proses laoer), suroer ulara Ka||ur r|lral |a|ar depos|l
yarg rerg|r|sla||sas||ar dar| d|rd|rg gua alau rerga||r|ar oarar orgar|| yarg rerousu|.
Turpu|ar |olorar juga suroer urur yarg ulara: aror|a dar| de|orpos|s| urea dar zal r|lroger
|a|rrya a|ar re|a|u| o|s|das| oa|ler| urlu| rerprodu|s| r|lral (rllp://|d.W|||ped|a.org).
Pada ururrya carpurar d|go|org|ar seoaga| raler| reler|ger, arl|rya l|da| se|urur raler| |r|
rerpurya| s|lal yarg sara. A|ar lelap|, ada sualu carpurar yarg parl||e|-parl||e| l|da| dapal
d|oeda|ar dergar rala o|asa. Carpurar lerseoul d|rara|ar |arular. 0|er |arerarya, |arular
d|arggap seoaga| raler| roroger Wa|aupur |eadaar yarg sesurggurrya l|da| roroger oerar. 0|er
|arera proses peroerlu|ar carpurar rerupa|ar proses l|s|s, ra|a parl||e|-parl||e| peroerlu|
carpurar rudar d|p|sar|ar |eroa|| secara l|s|s. Per|sarar lerseoul oerdasar|ar peroedaar s|lal
l|s|s dar| parl||e|-parl||e| peroerlu| carpurar yarg dapal d||a|u|ar dergar oeroaga| cara (K|lly,
199).
Nalr|ur dar seryaWarya sargal perl|rg, |ogarrya seoaga| a||as| Na-Po, d|pa|a| urlu| reroual
lelraa||||-Po, dar oarya| |eguraar |rduslr| yarg |a|r. 8a|| Na raupur K perl|rg secara l|s|o|og|s
da|ar reWar dar lararar, se|-se| dapal reroeda|ar Na dar K rurg||r dergar oeoerapa jer|s
re|ar|sre pergorp|e|sar (Collor, 1989).
0a|ar |r|sla| |or||, seperl| |ogar ra||da, o|s|da, dar su|l|da, |al|or dar ar|or d|susur oergarl|ar, dar
padalarrya d|||al o|er ||alar e|e|lroslal||. 8arya| |ogar ra||da re|arul da|ar pe|arul po|ar r|sa|rya
NaC| re|arul da|ar a|r, sererlara |ogar o|s|da dar su|l|da, yarg rergardurg |orlr|ous| ||alar
|ova|er yarg s|gr|l||ar, o|asarya l|da| |arul oar|ar d| pe|arul yarg pa||rg po|ar se|a||pur. 3lru|lur
dasar |r|sla| |or ada|ar |or yarg |eo|r oesar (o|asarya ar|or) reroerlu| susurar lerjeja| dar |or
yarg |eo|r |ec|| (o|asarya |al|or) rasu| |eda|ar |uoarg o|laredra| alau lelraredra| d| arlara ar|or.
Kr|sla| |or|| d|||as|l||as||ar |eda|ar oeoerapa l|pe slru|lur oerdasar|ar jer|s |al|or dar ar|or yarg
ler||oal dar jar|-jar| |orrya. 3el|ap l|pe slru|lur d|seoul dergar rara seryaWa |rasrya, jad| slru|lur
garar dapur l|da| rarya rerepreserlas||ar slru|lur NaC| lelap| juga seryaWa |a|rrya (3a|lo, 199)

lv. las|| Pergaralar
a. 0ala las|| Pergaralar
No. Per|a|uar las|| Pergaralar
1.
Peroualar 0arar Ka||ur N|lral :
15 grar KC| 1Z grar NaN03 d||arul|ar da|ar 50 rL a|r paras, dar d|uap|ar |a|u d|sar|rg.
las|| dar| sar|rgar d|uap|ar dar |erud|ar d|d|rga|r|ar, |a|u d|sar|rg.
Carpurar oeWarra pul|r lerdapal erdapar pul|r


Teroerlu| |r|sla| |a||ur
2.
Perurr|ar Ka||ur N|lral :
Larular |r|sla| |a||ur aquades dar |erud|ar d|sar|rg.
Teroerlu| |r|sla| |a||ur r|lral oeoas |or.

o. Rea|s|-rea|s| yarg lerjad|


c. Perr|lurgar
8eral KC| yarg d|l|roarg = 15 grar
8eral NaN03 yarg d|l|roarg = 1Z grar
Vo| KC| = 0,3 ro|
8eral leor|l|s = 0,3 x 101
= 30,3 grar
Rerderer yarg d|pero|er :


v. Peroarasar
Kr|sla| |or|| seracar ralr|ur |r|or|da (NaC|) d|oerlu| o|er gaya lar|| arlara |or oerrualar pos|l|l dar
regal|l. Kr|sla| |or|| o|asarya rer||||| l|l|| |e|er l|rgg| dar rarlarar ||slr|| yarg rerdar. Narur, da|ar
|arular alau da|ar |e|erarrya, |r|sla| |or|| lerd|sos|as| rerjad| |or-|or yarg rer||||| rarlarar ||slr||.
0a|ar |r|sla| |or ralr|ur |r|or|da, |or ralr|ur dar |r|or|da d|||al o|er ||alar |or. 8er|aWarar dergar
||alar |ova|er, ||alar |or l|da| rer||||| arar |rusus, dar a||oalrya, |or ralr|ur a|ar oer|rlera|s|
dergar serua |or |r|or|da da|ar |r|sla|, Wa|aupur |rlers|las |rlera|s| oeragar. 0er|||ar juga, |or
|r|or|da a|ar oer|rlera|s| dergar serua |or ralr|ur da|ar |r|sla|
Pada asar r|lral dar gararrya rerupa|ar seryaWa o|so dar| r|lroger yarg sargal perl|rg. 3aal |r|
asar r|lr|l seoag|ar oesar d|oual dar| reruoar r|lroger da|ar alrosler rerjad| arror|a. Arror|a
d|oual dergar rergo|s|das| rerjad| N0 dergar adarya |ala||salor, |erud|ar N0 d|serap |eda|ar
a|r yarg rergardurg o|s|ger. Pada lerperalure |arar, asar r|lral ada da|ar oerlu| lasa ca|r dar
rerd|d|r pada 81,1oC dar reroe|u rerjad| |r|sla| pada -11,59oC. Pada peroualar |a||ur su|l|l
dar| ralr|ur su|l|l derga |a||ur ||or|da, garar yarg lerjad| d|re|||sl||sas||ar dergar a|r. Proses
re|||sla||sas| |r| d||a|sara|ar ser|rgga rarya lerdapal |or K dar |or 3032 saja yarg l|rgga| d|
da|ar|arular alau l|da| d|leru|ar |ag| |or Na dar C|-.
Pada percooaar |r| ||la reroual dar per|sarar garar |a||ur r|lral. 0arar |r| d|oual dergar
rerea|s||ar |arular jerur KC| dergar |arular jerur NaN03. 3eoag|ar oesar garar-garar r|lral
oers|lal r|gros|op|s dar rudar |arul da|ar a|r. 3er|rgga |el||a ||la |arul|ar dergar a|r ra|a a|ar
se|el||a a|ar |arul dergar rudar, lelap| ||la rerggura|ar a|r paras da|ar percooaar |r|, agar |or-
|or K dar N03- rudar |arul lerp|sar rerjad| |or-|orrya, rarur, oeoerapa garar r|lral dapal
d|pero|er da|ar oerlu| arr|dral dar l|da| rerga|ar| de|orpos|s| pada perarasar yarg cu|up
l|rgg|.
Pada proses peroualarrya ||la rerea|s||ar aralara |arular KC| dergar NaN03 dergar |orpos|s|
lerlerlu, dergar re|a|u| perarasar, d|d|rg|r|ar r|rgga |r|sla| |a||ur leroerlu| dar |erud|ar
d|sar|rg. Pada pross |r|, le|r|| re|||sla||sas| d|per|u|ar, d|rara zal padal seoaga| ras|| rea|s| o|asarya
oercarpur dergar zal padal |a|r. 0|er seoao |lu, urlu| rerdapal|ar zal-zal yarg ||la |rg|r|ar, per|u
d|rurr||ar ler|eo|r daru|u. Pr|rs|p proses |r| ada|ar peroedaar |e|arular zal pergolorrya. Pada ras||
|r|sla| Ka||ur N|laral ||la |a|u|ar perur|r|ar agar rerpero|er ras|| |r|sla| yarg rurr|, ra| |r|
d||a|ua|ar dergar reraroar|ar sed|||l aquades r|rgga |arular |r|sla| |a||ur r|lral oeoas |or ||or|da.
Peroer|ar aquades |r| oerlurgs| agar |or ||or|da yarg rurg||r ras|r lerdapal da|r |r|sla| |a||ur
dapal r||arg.
Pada percooaar |r| ||la rerpero|er |r|sla| garar |a||ur r|lral seoesar 9,23 grar, d|rara |r|sla|
lerseoul oeWarra pu|r. las|| dar| rerderer seoesar 30,Z, |r| oerarl| yarg oerarl| oarWa 0,3rya
ada|ar zal pergolor (res|du) yarg oerada da|ar sarpe| garar |a||ur r|lral lercerar.

vl. 3|rpu|ar
0ar| ras|| percooaar, ||la dapal rery|rpu|a|r oarWa ||la dapal reroual |r|sla| garar |a||ur j|lral
dergar rercarpur|arrya dergar NaN03 yarg d||a|u|ar dergar perarasar dar perar|rgar yarg
|erud|ar d| d|rg|r|ar yarg |erud|ar leroerlu| |r|sla|.

0allar Pusla|a
Collor, A|oerl, w||||rsor, 1989. K|r|a Arorgar|| dasar. ur|vers|las lrdores|a. ul-Press. Ja|arla.

rllp://|d.W|||ped|a.org (d|a|ses 3 Ve| 2009).

L|rgale|ler, E.C.. 1989. Crysla| syslers.. vo|ure 2 Noror 219. (rllp://
WWW.jourra|olcrer|ca|educal|or.cor) d|a|ses largga| 30 0eseroer 2008

PurWad| KP. 2000. Pererluar Kadar F|or|da dar K|or|da 0a|ar 3erou| u02 3ecara Polers|orelr||
E|e|lroda lor 3e|e|l|l dergar Verggura|ar Te|r|| P|ror|dro||s|s. Jurra| l|r|ar 0aur 8arar 8a|ar
Nu|||r v.

3a|lo, Taro, 199. 8u|u Te|s K|r|a Arorgar|| 0r||re. Perr|ss|or ol lWarar| 3roler. To|yo

3ura, K|lly, 199. K|r|a l. lrlar Par|Wara. Ja|arla.