Carman Indo

Aplikasi
Aplikasi Hi-Scan
Hi-Scan Pro
Pro
untuk
untuk
Electrical
Electrical
troubleshooting
troubleshooting
Daftar
Daftar Isi
Isi
1. Penggunaan Scope Meter
2. Aplikasi Fungsi Simulasi
Penggunaan Scope Meter

1 Analisa sinyal Crank Angle Sensor
2 Analisa sinyal CAM Angle Sensor
3 Analisa sinyal TPS
4 Analisa sinyal Air Flow Sensor
5 Anlisa sinyal O2 Sensor
6 Analisa sinyal Injector
7 Analisa sinyal ISC Valve
8 Analisa sinyal Air Temp. Sensor
9 Analisa sinyal Knock Sensor
10 Analisa sinyal Vehicle Speed Sensor
11 Analisa sinyal EGR Valve
12 Analisa sinyal Purge Valve
13 Analisa sinyal pemanas O2 Sensor
1. Analisa Sinyal Crank angle sensor

Pengenalan crank angle sensor dan prinsip kerjanya
Tentang
Sensor
Crank Angle Sensor adalah sebuah sensor yang berguna untuk mengetahui posisi
piston agar ECU dapat mengatur saat pengapian.
Jika sinyal dari crank angle sensor dibuat dalam bentuk gelombang yang konstan/rata,
maka ECU akan sulit menentukan posisi piston, oleh sebab itu dua gigi pada roda gigi
sensor dihilangkan agar ECU dapat menentukan posisi TMA.
Bentuk sinyal dari crank sensor.

1. Waktu Pengapian = 360deg * Number of tooth befor e banyaknya gigi sebelum
TMA/jumlah gigi pada satu putaran mesin.
Waktu pengapian dihitung dari jumlah gigi yang ditunjukkan oleh tegangan jarum, dengan
adanya tegangan jarum tersebut Ignition time is calculated by number of tooth between the
long tooth and peak voltage. Peak voltage is obtained by measuring signal of crank angle
sensor and primary ignition wave simultaneously.
2. Engine speed (RPM) = 60 / ( Time between long tooth * Number of long tooth at one
revolution of engine)
RPM is calculated by number of long tooth at one revolution of engine.
Algorithm
This sensor is the most important sensor for the ECU. If sporadic engine stall happened
, then suspect this sensor at first.
1. If the ECU detects fault on this signal, then the ECU stop fuel injection and ignition
2. If the ECU could not detect fault signal, then normal component or not equipped
component might be detected as a fault one.
1.1.2 The Methodology of Crank Angle Sensor

Signal Measurement
How to connect sensor : A and B channel can
Hi-Scan Mode : Please perform
be used simultaneously. The plus of probe(Red

color) should be connected with signal line of
sensor and the minus(black color) should be
connected with ground line of sensor.
following procedure on the screen,

- Vehicle selection
System(Engine / Transmission /
ABS )Crank Sensor
Measuring
Sensor repair info

view.
Normal value
About sensor
Data analysis
1.1.3 Crank Angle Sensor Trouble type and

Analysis (1/2)
Malfunction of Crank Angle Sensor (1/2)
Troubles
1. The signal is always high or low.
2. The signal is intermittently missed.
3. The noise signal detection.
4. The signal is normal but ECU identify wrong crank angle signal.
Cause of
trouble
Engine
state
Normal
signal
1. Malfunction of crank angle sensor or wiring circuit failure

(Signal, Ground and Reference line)
2. Bad connection of wiring
3. Cut off noise or remove cause of noise from crank angle sensor
3.1 Shield crank angle sensor wiring.
3.2 Check whether spark plug is original part or not
(Resistance range : 2.0 - 4.5K)
4. The counteraction of sensor maker should be required.
1. The engine is not started.

2. The engine vibration and stall are sometimes occurred.
3. The engine vibration and stall are sometimes occurred and display DTC of
normal part or non existed part
4. The ignition timing is out of control range.
1.1.3 Crank Angle Sensor Trouble type and

Analysis (2/2)
Malfunction of Crank Angle Sensor (2/2)
Signal
wave when
trouble
detection
1. Always constant signal
3. The noise signal detection
2. Intermittently signal missing
4. Signal is normal but ECU wrong identification

Ignition timing from scanner is different with
calculation from signal.
1.1.4 Crank Angle Sensor Field Service Example

1.Field example of Crank angle sensor trouble:Intermittently signal missing
Trouble
Cause
trouble
Vehicle is started with hesitation in cold ambient condition or dont start.

of
Crank angle signal was abnormal due to power cut when key release.
Related
vehicles
This phenomenon is frequently occurred with optical crank angle sensor
Signal view
If you measure crank angle signal with above phenomenon, you can see abnormal crank
signal.It result in injection cut off.
1.2 CAM angle sensor signal analysis

1.2.1 Introduction of cam angle sensor and principle
About Sensor
CAM angle sensor is the sensor to indicate the TDC of each cylinders by ECU.
This sensor is necessary to calculate injection phase. We can calculate TDC
from the crank angle sensor but cylinder number. Therefore ECU recognize the
TDC right after cam angle signal. ECU use the cam signal located between two
long tooth. If the signal of cam is located inside the long tooth, then ECU detects
it as a fault.
TDC
19th
TDC shown after CAM signal is

the first TDC.
Information from the signal of cam sensor : TDC of the1st cylinder

Algorithm
In order to reduce the emission, injection should be finished before intake valve open. If
the fuel is injected on the hot intake valve, then fuel is well vaporized and this helps good
combustion.
Therefore, cam signal is used to identify the cylinder number.
In case of no spark time adjustment type,we can know it by comparing cam signal
position with crank angle sensor.
1.2.2 The Methodology of Camshaft Angle Sensor

Signal Measurement


- Vehicle
selectionSystem(ENG)CAM
Part(F4 key) Measuring
Remark : Since both A and B channels

can be used at the same time, it is better to
measure crank and cam angle signal
simultaneously.
Sensor repair info view
Normal valve
About sensor
Data analysis
1.2.3 Camshaft Angle Sensor Trouble type and

Analysis (1/2)
Malfunction of Camshaft Angle Sensor(1/2)
Trouble
Cause of
trouble
Engine
state
Normal
signal

2. The signal is intermittently missed(Invalid signal detection during 1 cycle).
1. Malfunction of CAM angle sensor or wiring circuit failure

2. Check valve timing. If it is not proper, please adjust it.
3. Cut off noise or remove cause of noise from CAM angle sensor
3.1 Shield CAM angle sensor wiring.
3.2 Check whether spark plug is original part or not
(Resistance range : 2.0 - 4.5K)
1. The engine problem is not occurred but GDI engine is not started.
2. CAM sensor error is intermittently detected with poor acceleration.
3. The engine vibration and stall are sometimes occurred and display DTC of
normal part or non existed part
4. The ignition timing is out of control range and in case of LPG vehicle
back-fire is occurred.
Upper signal in picture is CAM signal and sine signal is crank signal.
1.2.3 Camshaft Angle Sensor Trouble type and

Analysis (2/2)
Malfunction of Camshaft Angle Sensor (2/2)
Signal
wave when
trouble
detection
Avante, XG use this signal

2. Intermittently signal missing
(CAM signal detection in long tooth duration:This is normal with Avante XD)
1.3 Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) signal

analysis
1.3.1 Introduction of TPS and principle

TPS
About Sensor
TPS is the sensor to know how much accelerate the acceleration pedal. If the
line of this sensor is broken, then more than 4.7V or 2.1V of constant signal
voltage can be produced depending on ECU internal circuit.
Sensor type
Algorithm
Wiper type is the mostly used signal sensing type by now.
In order to response to the drivers will quickly, fuel injection is controlled depending on
the acceleration speed and pedal value. If the pedal value is more than 50%, then
oxygen sensor feedback control is stopped to control the engine with more torque.
In case of sensor failure, intake air sensor is substituted for TPS. Therefore, fast accel
and decel can not be detected with sensor failure and hesitation can be occurred.
1.3.2 The Methodology of TPS Signal Measurement


- Vehicle
selectionSystem(ENG)TPS
Remark :
As it is possible to use A,B channels
at the same time, it is better to
measure TPS and intake air flow
simultaneously.
Normal value
About Sensor
Data analysis
1.3.3 TPS Trouble type and Analysis (1/2)

Malfunction of TPS (1/2)
Trouble
Cause of
trouble
Engine
state
Normal
signal

2. The signal is intermittently missed(Micro cut-off occurrence).
4. Even if idle state, ECU does not identify it.
1. Malfunction of throttle position sensor or wiring circuit failure

2. Check ground line and connecting part. If there is something wrong, connect it
correctly. If it is occurred again after repairing, ECU should be changed with
latest version. (Many HMC vehicles have this problem)
3. Remove cause of noise
3.1 Shield sensor signal line.
3.2 Check whether spark plug is original part or not(Resistance range:2.0-4.5K)
1. The vehicle hesitation is occurred with acceleration.
2. Idle TPS adaptation value is less than TPS absolute value at normal idle and
ECU doesnt idle state even if real idle.Engine vibration is occurred with
this phenomenon.
3. Emission is increased.
4. The vehicle hesitation and vibration are occurred with acceleration.
As can as possible, TPS signal should be compared with MAF sensor signal. And check
whether TPS & MAF signal are increased at the same time when acceleration.
1.3.3 TPS Trouble type and Analysis (2/2)

Malfunction of TPS (2/2)
Signal
wave when
trouble
detection
2. Intermittently signal missing (Micro cut-off occurrence)
1.3.4 TPS Field Service Example

Field example of TPS malfunction : Signal noise occurrence.
Trouble
Cause of
trouble
Related
vehicle
The emission is increased so much in idle state.

O2 sensor is normal feedback control but it is shifted to rich side.
As connecting TCU, TPS signal noise is so much detected. ECU identify noise as fast
acceleration, so it result in over fuel enrichment.
Vehicles which use same TPS wiring from TCU and ECU
Signal view
TPS signal noise is so much detected 0 with normal MAF sensor signal.
Signal view
1.4 Intake Air Flow Sensor Signal Analysis

1.4.1 Introduction of Intake Air Flow Sensor and
Algorithm
About Sensor
Sensor type
Algorithm
This is the sensor to see how much air flow is coming into the cylinder. It is very
important to calculate injection time. If the line is broken, then there are
occasions when output voltage is over 4.7V depending on internal circuit like
TPS.
Mostly used sensors by now are the MAP sensor ( Intake manifold pressure check ),
MAF (Mass Air Flow :the resistance is changed when heated tip is cooled by inducted
air )and Karman Vortex (This sensor monitors vortices generated as the intake air flows
past vortex generators. Air flow is calculated by the frequency of ultrasonic waves that
are changed depending on the amount of vortices. )
The fuel quantity is decided by the air flow and the injector opening time decides fuel
quantity. The calculated fuel amount is compensated more precisely by oxygen sensor
feedback compensation. In case of air flow sensor error, the substitute value is
calculated by engine speed and TPS.
1.4.2 The Methodology of Air Flow Sensor Signal

Measurement


- Vehicle
selectionSystem(ENG)MAP
Remark :
As it is possible to measure A,B
channels, it is better to measure intake
air flow and TPS simultaneously.
Normal value
About sensor
Data analysis
1.4.3 Air Flow Sensor Trouble type and Analysis

Malfunction of Air flow sensor
Trouble

2. The signal is intermittently constant.
Cause of
trouble
1. Malfunction of air flow sensor or wiring circuit failure

2. Check ground line and connecting part.If there is something wrong,connect it.
Engine
state
1. Engine is hard to start. Even if it is started, vehicle hesitation is occurred

when acceleration
2. Intermittently vehicle hesitation or engine stall is taken place.
Normal
signal
As can as possible, MAF signal should be compared with TPS signal. And check whether
MAF and TPS signal are increased at the same time when acceleration.
Signal
wave when
trouble
detection
As can as possible, MAF signal should be compared with TPS signal. And check whether
MAF and TPS signal are increased at the same time when acceleration.
1.4.4 Air Flow Sensor Field Service Example

Field example of Air flow sensor malfunction
:Abnormally high signal (Sensor is normal but signal is high)
Trouble
Cause of
trouble
Related
vehicle
The vehicle is hard to start. Even if it is started, power is lack

with acceleration and exhaust gas is black color.
MAP signal is very high in idle state but scanner identify normal idle state.
High MAP signal was detected because internal EGR was increased by exhaust pipe
blocking. Due to that, ECU identify big air flow and exhaust pressure make high.
It led to over fuel enrichment and poor acceleration due to lack of power.
In case of MAP equipped vehicles,if exhaust pipe is blocked,this phenomenon is
always occurred. MAP signal is increased proportion to exhaust pipe blocking status.
Signal view
Signal(1.9volt) is slightly higher than signal of no load racing(0.8 - 1.5volt)
1.5 Oxygen sensor signal analysis

1.5.1 Introduction of oxygen sensor and principle
About Sensor
This is the sensor to compensate the fuel injection to get the stoichiometric air
fuel ratio (14.6). The different voltage is generated depending on fuel richness
( oxygen richness ). According to this voltage variation, fuel injection is added or
subtracted so that always relevant fuel is injected.
Sensor
type
Mostly used sensor now is the Zirconia ( It generate the voltage from 0V to 1V by oxygen
richness ), Titania ( It generate different resistance by oxygen richness ) and UEGO
sensor ( It is used for lean burn engine and it generate different current by oxygen
richness ). Titania and Zirconia sensors are classified with and without heater.
Algorithm
Oxygen sensor produce below 0.5V with rich oxygen( lean fuel) and over 0.5V with lean
oxygen (rich fuel). Using this, ECU inject more fuel when oxygen sensor voltage is
below 0.5V and reduce fuel as soon as voltage is over 0.5V. By continuing this control,
supplied fuel is getting close to stoichiometirc air fuel ratio. This is the feedback control.
In case of sensor failure, fuel is supplied by basic calculation.
1.5.2 The Methodology of O2 Sensor Signal

Measurement

Vehicle selectionSystem(ENG)O2
sensor Part(F4 key) Measuring
Remark : As it is possible to
measure A,B channels, it is better to
measure TPS too.
Normal value
About
Data analysis
1.5.3 O2 Sensor Trouble type and Analysis

Malfunction of O2 sensor
Trouble

2. The signal is intermittently constant
3. The switching is too fast.
4. The switching is too slow.
Cause of
trouble
1. Malfunction of O2 sensor or wiring circuit failure

2. Check ground line and connecting part.If there is something wrong,connect it.
3. A/F ratio distribution is unstable with individual cylinder
(Fuel gas is induced from outside)
4. O2 sensor tip is poisoned or exhaust gas temperature is too low.
Engine
state
1,2 If acceleration pedal is worked before engine warm-up before, engine stall is
occurred or power is lack. And also vehicle hesitation is taken place when
fast acceleration.
3. Engine vibration is severe. In case of knock sensor equipped, power is lack
and fuel economy make bad due to knock detection.
4. Engine stall is Sometimes occurred or exhaust gas is black with fast accel.
Normal
signal
Signal
wave when
trouble
detection
As can as possible, O2 sensor signal should be

compared with TPS signal. And check whether O2
sensor signal is switched or not when
acceleration.
If signal is switched, O2 sensor is normal.
1. Always constant
2. Slow szwithing
3. Fast switching
1.6 Injector active signal analysis

1.6.1 Introduction of Injector and principle
About
Injector
Injector type
Algorithm
The fuel quantity is decided by the air flow and the injector opening time decides fuel
quantity. The injector open by electromagnetic power and close by spring force. Since
the electromagnetic power is depending on battery power, injector opening time is
compensated by battery power.
The principles of opening ( open by electromagnetic power and close by spring force )
are mostly same. But it is classified into orifice and pintle type by injection hole.
If the signal of crank angle sensor has the noise or broken signal, ECU stop the fuel
injection until it get normal signal of crank angle sensor.
Therefore, engine can be unstable or stall.
1.6.2 The Methodology of Injector Signal Measurement



- Scope meter Engine
Actuator Injection Measuring
.
Normal value
About sensor
Data analysis
1.6.3 Injector Trouble type and Analysis

Malfunction of Injector
Trouble
1. Injector is not opened.
2. Intermittently injector is not opened.
3. The clogging of injector.
Cause of
trouble
Engine
state
1. Wiring circuit failure (Power supply and Ground line)

2. Crank angle sensor noise detection
3. Carbon accumulation in combustion chamber or
fuel filter problem by other materials.
1. Vehicle vibration is severe after start.

2. Vibration or engine stall is intermittently occurred.
3. Vehicle vibration is severe and engine sound is loud.
Normal
signal
Peak voltage and injector opening time is equal to

individual cylinder without acceleration pedal.
In case of clogging of injector or taking out
from engine, it can be checked by O2
sensor signal.
Signal
wave when
trouble
detection
1. Always constant
2. Injector is not opened
3. Clogging of injector
1.6.4 Injector Field Service Example

Field example of Injector malfunction:Sometimes not opened injector
Trouble
Cause of
trouble
Related
vehicle
Signal view
(MAP sensor) vehicle vibration is intermittently occurred and

engine stall. This is not taken place regularly.
Abnormal crank angle signal is detected due to noise detection, so ECU cut off
fuel injection . At this time problem is taken place.
This phenomenon is occurred with optical or magnetic type crank angle sensor.
O2 sensor signal is mainly below 0.5 volt(lean shift) but sometimes show above 0.5
volt(rich shift).
We dont know whether ECU identify
noise detected crank angle signal. If
injector is not opened, you can think
that ECU identify noise signal.
< Counteraction > Shield crank angle sensor signal line to prevent noise.
1.7 ISC valve control signal analysis

1.7.1 Introduction of ISC valve and principle
About
valve
ISC
ISC
type
valve
ISC valve is the valve that bypass the air to keep constant engine speed when
throttle valve is closed. ECU control only the opening of the valve and air is
supplied by the under pressure in the surge tank..
Three mostly used type are DC type controlled by DC motor, Duty type controlled by duty
and Step type controlled by the electromagnet
ISC valve
ISC valve
Control line
Control line
Control line
Control line
Control line
GND Duty control
Control line
Duty type (2 coil)

Algorithm
Step motor type
The ECU compare the engine speed with target speed and open or close the valve
when engine speed is lower or higher than target. This compensation is composed of
proportional, integral and differential term- so called PID control..
Engine speed
Engine speed
ISC valve opening
Target speed
1.7.2 The Methodology of ISC Valve Signal

Measurement


Actuator ISC Measuring
IAC valve
Normal value
IAC valve
About sensor
Data analysis
1.7.3 ISC Valve Trouble type and Analysis

Malfunction of ISC valve
Trouble
1. ISC is not opened.
2. Intermittently ISC is not opened.
3. The closing stuck of ISC valve.
Cause of
trouble
Engine
state
1. Wiring circuit failure (Power supply and Ground line) or

Malfunction of TR in ECU
2. Wiring is normal but valve is not operated by carbon or step loss etc.
(Step loss : The difference between ECU control and actual opening duty)
3. Carbon accumulation in air flow path
1, Even if engine start is possible, it is stalled soon or severe vibration
is occurred. (In case of BOSCH ISC, engine speed is stayed around 1500rpm)
2. If it is occurred with little opening,engine vibration or stall is taken place
If it is occurred with big opening, engine is stayed with high speed.
3. As soon as engine is started, it is stalled.
Normal
signal
Signal
wave when
trouble
detection
ISC valve signal have difference according to

which type is used.
(Duty type / DC motor type / Step type)
1. Always constant
2. ISC valve stuck
3.ISC valve close stuck
Although ISC valve is stuck with closed

position ,signal is normal. So, it can be
checked by actuator operation. Refer to
chapter 5
1.8 Temperature sensor signal analysis

1.8.1 Introduction of temperature sensor signal
and principle
About
Sensor
Sensor Type
Coolant sensor is a sensor for detecting of how much engine is heated up and
necessary to control injection/ignition/ISC valve depending on engine temperature.
Because engine load is surely different depending on engine temperature.
Intake air temperature sensor is used to calculate exact intake air flow and
necessary for MAP sensor type. But it is often not to use it with MAF(Mass air flow
)type.
Some of MAP sensor include intake air temperature sensor inside and it is called TMAP sensor.
Mostly used type is a thermistor type that increase the resistance with high temperature
and decrease the resistance with low temperature.
.
Intake air temp. sensor

Algorithm
T_MAP sensor
Coolant temp. sensor
Intake air temperature sensor is a sensor for calculating intake air quantity more exactly.
The coolant temp. sensor is to set different target of fuel(Air Fuel ratio)/target speed/
spark time in accordance with coolant temperature to compensate different engine load
Target lambda area without feedback control depending on coolant temp
Target ignition area depending on coolant temp. - idle status
AF range
Spark range
Coolant Temp.
1.8.2 The Methodology of Temperature Sensor

Signal Measurement


Sensor WTS Measuring
Coolant sensor
Coolant sensor
Normal value
Coolant sensor
About sensor
Data analysis
1.8.3 Temperature Sensor Trouble type and Analysis

Malfunction of Temperature sensor
Trouble
1. Signal line open circuit (Temperature is below -30 deg.C )
2. Signal line short to ground (Temperature is above 127 deg.C )
3. Temperature signal change is too fast.
Cause of
trouble
Engine
state
1. Wiring circuit failure (Signal or Ground line open or shorted)

2. ECU internal circuit malfunction or temperature sensor position is not proper.
1. Poor acceleration or exhaust gas is black due to over fuel enrichment.

It is returned normal after 10 minute.
2. Intermittently idle rpm is oscillating (800 - 1000rpm).
Normal
signal
Signal
wave when
trouble
detection
Temperature sensor signal have difference

according to which type is used.
(Duty type / DC motor type / Step type)
1. Always constant
2. Temp. signal rapidly change
1.9 Knock sensor signal analysis

1.9.1 Introduction of knock sensor and algorithm
About
Sensor
Sensor type
The knock sensor employ the

piezoelectric element or silicon that
produce the signal(voltage) when it
gets pressure. If there is knocking in
the engine, then vibration is
transformed to pressure vibration and
it produces voltage. According to
this voltage, knocking is detected.
It is difficult to distinguish the knock sensor type by means of sensor shape.
element to detect vibration may be different.
But the
Knock sensor
Algorithm
The frequency of knocking signal is too fast(about 6 - 18Khz) to analyze it by ECU.

Therefore, this signal is
sampled by hardware
and knocking is
detected.
But the frequency of bad
engine vibration can be
overlapped with
frequency of knocking.
So, too much knocking
can be detected by
engine vibration.
1.9.2 The Methodology of Knock Sensor Signal

Measurement

Sensor Knock Measuring
Normal value
About sensor
Data analysis
1.9.3 Knock Sensor Trouble type and Analysis

Malfunction of Knock sensor
Trouble
Cause of
trouble
Engine
state
1. Knocking signal is always constant (Signal line open or shorted)

2. Heavy knocking detection
3. Knock signal is normal but knock is not detected
(Communication malfunction of knock signal in ECU)

or knock sensor malfunction
2. A/F is different with individual cylinder.(Refer to 2.6injector trouble)
3. ECU internal circuit malfunction (Should be changed ECU)
1.If ECU detect knock sensor error, ignition is retarded(6-12deg).

It result in lack of power and bad fuel economy.
If ECU dont detect error,ignition is not retarded even if knocking is occurred.
2 Too much ignition retard(6-12deg) make lack of power and bad fuel economy
3.Same as NO.1 description.
Normal
signal
Signal
wave when
trouble
detection
Knock sensor signal have difference according to

which type is used.
(Duty type / DC motor type / Step type
1. Always constant
2. Heavy knocking detection
Heavy knocking
Abnormal : constant signal
Normal signal
Normal signal
1.10 Vehicle speed sensor signal analysis

1.10.1 Introduction of vehicle speed sensor and
principle
About
Sensor
Sensor
Type
Vehicle speed sensor is a sensor that

check wheel speed per second to
calculate vehicle speed.
It measures speed of body of rotation
that directly connected with driving
shaft.
Mostly used vehicle speed sensor are lead type (switch on and off at every revolution )/
magnetic type and hall type.
VS sensor
Rotor rotate with the cable

connected to driving shaft
A hole for cable

connection
Magnetic and hall

type is same
principle as crank
angle sensor.
VS sensor(lead switch type)

Algorithm
Vehicle speed is calculated by calculating how many voltage over the threshold(normally
1.0 - 2.5V) are generated at one second. If the noise signal is over the threshold, then it is
recognized as vehicle speed.
Vehicle speed signal is
required for AT car to
decide gear shifting level
and for MT car to reduce
the shock during fast
acceleration by adjusting
spark time and fuel
depending on vehicle
speed and gear level.
ECU calculates the
gear level using
engine speed and
vehicle speed.
1.10.2 The Methodology of Vehicle Speed Sensor

Signal Measurement

Sensor Vehicle Speed
Measuring
Vehicle speed
Vehicle speed
Normal value
Vehicle speed
About sensor
Data analysis
1.10.3 Vehicle Speed Sensor Trouble type and

Analysis
Malfunction of Vehicle speed sensor
Trouble
1. Any vehicle speed sensor signal is not detected with driving.
2. Vehicle speed is much higher than actual speed. (Too much signal noise)
3. Even though vehicle stop, ECU identify vehicle speed.
Cause of
trouble
Engine
state

or vehicle sensor malfunction
2. Too much signal noise detection in vehicle speed sensor
1. Engine RPM is slightly high in idle state and it is oscillating.

2. In case of A/T vehicle, shift point is high gear position and it is shifted with 2 or 3 gear
when take off.
Normal
signal
Signal
wave when
trouble
detection
Vehicle speed signal should be detected in driving.

It should be always constant at vehicle stop.
1. always constant
2. Noise detection in VS signal
1.11 EGR valve control signal analysis

1.11.1 Introduction of EGR valve and principle
About EGR
EGR type
This is a valve to add exhaust gas into

the cylinder and so the combustion
temperature is reduced.
Reduced combustion temperature results
reducing of nitrous-oxide emission.
Exhaust gas is supplied through this
valve by under-pressure of surge tank.
Mostly used one is mechanical type that the valve is opened by under-pressure of surge
tank as soon as solenoid valve is opened. And the solenoid valve is opened by ON/OFF
system or duty system. In case of EEGR(Electric EGR) type, the EGR valve is opened
by electromagnetic power..
Electric EGR valve

Algorithm
Mechanical EGR valve
EGR valve is opened within the range(2 - 7%) that is not to give big influence on engine
operation. Opening value is controlled not to have big engine vibration. Therefore, in
case of ON/OFF type, ON signal is activated in the area (engine speed & intake air flow )
where no engine problem is found. With the EGR gas, ignition angle should be retarded
about 4 - 8 degree
If the EGR gas is provided into the
cylinder, combustion temperature
is reduced and it is effective on
reducing of nitrous-oxide
emission.
1.11.2 The Methodology of EGR Valve Signal

Measurement


Actuator EGR valve
Measuring
EGR sensor / EGR valve
Normal value
EGR sensor / EGR valve
About sensor
Data analysis
1.11.3 EGR Valve Operation Trouble type and

Analysis
Malfunction of EGR valve
Trouble
1. Malfunction of valve operation
2. EGR valve closed stuck
3. EGR valve opened stuck
Cause of
trouble
Engine
state
1. Wiring circuit failure (Power supply or Ground line open or shorted)

or EGR solenoid valve malfunction
2. EGR valve is stuck for a while or friction increase by over heating.
1. Severe engine vibration is occurred(Open stuck) or

lean fuel control(MAP sensor type).
2. lean fuel control(MAP sensor type), fuel adaptation is increased to positive
direction. Knocking is often taken place.
3 Severe engine vibration
(Engine is hard to start or severe engine vibration after start)
Normal
signal
Signal
wave when
trouble
detection
EGR valve operation can be checked only if it is

operated. So, it should be checked with working
acceleration pedal.
1. Always constant
EGR valve stuck is not checked with
signal,indirectly it can be checked with
O2 sensor signal. Refer to O2 sensor
chapter
1.11.4 EGR Valve Field Service Example

Field example of EGR valve malfunction : EGR valve closed stuck
Trouble
Cause of
trouble
Related
vehicle
Signal view
Knocking is often taken place and intermittently fuel control is rich because fuel adaptation is
increased to positive direction.
EGR gas is not supplied in combustion chamber due to EGR valve closing stuck. At this
time, ECU reduce fuel injection as much as EGR duty. So, injection is not sufficient and fuel
adaptation is increased. And also knocking is occurred because ECU apply EGR activated
ignition.
This is occurred at EGR valve equipped vehicles with MAP sensor. MAF(Mass Air Flow:Hot
Film Type)is also happened if ECU separately control EGR activated ignition.
O2 sensor signal with problem detection
EGR valve stuck is not checked with signal,indirectly it can be

checked with O2 sensor signal.
1.12 Purge valve control signal analysis

1.12.1 Introduction of purge valve control and
principle
About valve
Part type
Fuel vapor gas from fuel tank is

not emitted to the air but stored in
the canister to follow the emission
regulation. And then this fuel
vapor gas is supplied to the engine
via purge valve during engine
running.
Mostly used one is solenoid valve type that uses under-pressure of surge tank while
valve is open. This is also divided into ON/OFF and duty type..
Purge solenoid valve

Canister
Algorithm
Purge valve is opened in the limit area no to give big influence on engine operation.
Opening amount is controlled no to have rpm drop by too much rich fuel caused by purge
gas. Therefore, in case of ON/OFF type, ON signal is controlled to activate in the area
( engine speed, intake air flow )of no engine problem.
If purge gas is
supplied into the
cylinder, mixture is
getting richer. But
as it is
compensated by
oxygen sensor,
total fuel amount is
same
1.12.2 The Methodology of Purge Valve Signal

Measurement


Actuator Purge valve
Measuring
Canister purge solenoid
Canister purge solenoid valve
Normal value
About sensor
Data analysis
1.12.3 Purge Valve Operation Trouble type and

Analysis
Malfunction of Purge valve
Trouble
2. Purge valve closed stuck
3. Purge valve opened stuck
Cause of
trouble
Engine
state

or Purge solenoid valve malfunction
2. Purge valve is stuck for a while or friction increase by over heating.
1. Severe engine vibration is occurred when hot start(Open stuck) or

over fuel enrichment control.
2. The smell of fuel gas is detected from vehicle.
3. Severe engine vibration is occurred when hot start(Open stuck) or
over fuel enrichment control.
Normal
signal
Signal
wave when
trouble
detection
Purge valve operation can be only checked with

driving. It should be always constant with vehicle
stop.
1. Always constant
Purge valve stuck is not checked with
signal,indirectly it can be checked with
O2 sensor signal. Refer to O2 sensor
chapter
1.13 Oxygen sensor heater control

signal analysis
1.13.1 Introduction of oxygen sensor control and
principle
About
sensor
Sensor type
Algorithm
Oxygen sensor heater is a heater to heat up the tip

of oxygen sensor. Since oxygen sensor activate
when the sensor temperature is over 370degC,
heater is needed to prevent delay of signal at low
exhaust gas temperature.
There are oxygen sensor without

heater too. Oxygen sensor without
heater is used to reduce the cost.
In order to prevent sensor

over-heating, heater control is
stopped at high exhaust gas
temperature area. In case of
engine start, sensor might be
cracked by heating due to
water on the sensor.
Therefore, heating is start
after water is evaporated
1.13.2 The Methodology of O2 Sensor Heater

Signal Measurement


Sensor O2 sensor Measuring
Normal value
About Sensor
Data analysis
1.13.3 O2 Sensor Heater Operation Trouble type

and Analysis
Malfunction of O2 sensor heater
Trouble
(Power supply line is no problem but O2 sensor is not heated)
2. O2 sensor is not activated (Always OFF)
Cause of
trouble
Engine
state
1. O2 sensor heater damage

1,2 O2 sensor signal switching is too slow (Too slow light off)
Intermittently exhaust gas is black and poor acceleration is detected and
engine stall is occurred when fast acceleration. Fuel economy is bad.
Normal
signal
Signal
wave when
trouble
detection
O2 sensor heater should be always ON if after

start time is elapsed 40 sec
(In case of duty type, it is ON above 95%)
1. Always constant
If O2 sensor heater signal is OFF
when idle, error is detected.
2. Application of
Simulation Function
2.1 Operating Sensor
2.2 Operating Actuator
2.1 Operating Sensor

2.1.1 The Methodology of operating sensor with
Hi-Scan
If Service data from HI-SCAN is strange, sending signal to the sensor
directly, Check whether a problem of line or a problem of component.
How to connect HI-SCAN :
Can be used by B channel, connect cable to sensor
(+)---->signal line, (-)-----> GND (body of vehicle)
HI-SCAN mode : Please perform following

procedure on the screen, -Vehicle
scopemeter simulation operating with
(+), (-) key
DRIVING
2.1.2 The flow of operating sensor with Hi-Scan

With this function, being able to distinguish exact cause between sensor
and wire which is causing any abnormal engine running or fault.
Sending signal by
Hi-SCAN
Connector without sensor
Sending signal
Abnormal E/G
running
No
Yes
Fault code ?
Monitoring service data

expected as a cause
No
Yes
Abnormal
Service data ?
No
Yes
Sending signal by
Hi-SCAN
Disappeared
fault code ?
Sending signal by
Hi-SCAN
No
Yes
Disappeared
abnormal service
Data ?
Yes
Disappeared
abnormal E/G
running ?
No
Yes
Sensor problem
Wire problem
Sensor problem
Other cause
2.2 Operating Actuator

2.2.1 The Methodology of operating actuator
with Hi-Scan
Although there is some problem at state of engine, No trouble code is showed at
actuator system,(namely, No problem at actuator power but it is suspicious of
operating well), Check it directly if actuator operates well.
How to connect HI-SCAN :
Can be used by A channel. connect (+) at cable for
sensor to component operating line(-)
HI-SCAN mode : Please perform following

procedure on the screen, Vehicle scope
meter Actuator Operating with driv,
stopkey.
Connection cable to operating line
DRIVING
2.2.2 The flow of operating actuator with Hi-Scan

With this function, being able to distinguish exact cause between actuator
and wire which is causing any abnormal engine running or fault.
Sending activation
signal by Hi-SCAN
Actuator without connector

Sending activation signal
Abnormal E/G
running
No
Yes
Fault code ?
Monitoring E/G running

phenomenon
No
Yes
Any actuator
related to
problem ?
No
Yes
Sending activation
signal by Hi-SCAN
Disappeared
fault code ?
Sending activation
signal by Hi-SCAN
No
Yes
E/G running is
changed ?
Yes
Disappeared
abnormal E/G
running ?
No
Yes
Actuator
problem
Wire problem or
actuator stick
Actuator
problem
Other cause

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Aplikasi

Penggunaan Scope Meter

1. Analisa Sinyal Crank angle sensor

Bentuk sinyal dari crank sensor.

1.1.2 The Methodology of Crank Angle Sensor

Hi-Scan Mode : Please perform

be used simultaneously. The plus of probe(Red

following procedure on the screen,

Sensor repair info

1.1.3 Crank Angle Sensor Trouble type and

1. Malfunction of crank angle sensor or wiring circuit failure

1. The engine is not started.

1.1.3 Crank Angle Sensor Trouble type and

1. Always constant signal

3. The noise signal detection

2. Intermittently signal missing

4. Signal is normal but ECU wrong identification

1.1.4 Crank Angle Sensor Field Service Example

Vehicle is started with hesitation in cold ambient condition or dont start.

1.2 CAM angle sensor signal analysis

TDC shown after CAM signal is

Information from the signal of cam sensor : TDC of the1st cylinder

1.2.2 The Methodology of Camshaft Angle Sensor

Hi-Scan Mode : Please perform

be used simultaneously. The plus of probe(Red

following procedure on the screen,

Remark : Since both A and B channels

1.2.3 Camshaft Angle Sensor Trouble type and

1. The signal is always high or low.

1. Malfunction of CAM angle sensor or wiring circuit failure

1.2.3 Camshaft Angle Sensor Trouble type and

1. Always constant signal

3. The noise signal detection

Avante, XG use this signal

1.3 Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) signal

1.3.1 Introduction of TPS and principle

Wiper type is the mostly used signal sensing type by now.

1.3.2 The Methodology of TPS Signal Measurement

Hi-Scan Mode : Please perform

1.3.3 TPS Trouble type and Analysis (1/2)

1. The signal is always high or low.

1. Malfunction of throttle position sensor or wiring circuit failure

1.3.3 TPS Trouble type and Analysis (2/2)

1. Always constant signal

3. The noise signal detection

2. Intermittently signal missing (Micro cut-off occurrence)

1.3.4 TPS Field Service Example

The emission is increased so much in idle state.

1.4 Intake Air Flow Sensor Signal Analysis

1.4.2 The Methodology of Air Flow Sensor Signal

Hi-Scan Mode : Please perform

be used simultaneously. The plus of probe(Red

following procedure on the screen,

1.4.3 Air Flow Sensor Trouble type and Analysis

1. The signal is always high or low.

1. Malfunction of air flow sensor or wiring circuit failure

1. Engine is hard to start. Even if it is started, vehicle hesitation is occurred

1.4.4 Air Flow Sensor Field Service Example

The vehicle is hard to start. Even if it is started, power is lack

1.5 Oxygen sensor signal analysis

1.5.2 The Methodology of O2 Sensor Signal

Hi-Scan Mode : Please perform

1.5.3 O2 Sensor Trouble type and Analysis

1. The signal is always high or low.