Mulki H
13.122
3. Anomic Suicide
Bunuh diri ini didasarkan pada bagaimana masyarakat
mengatur anggotanya. Masyarakat membantu individu
mengatur hasratnya (misalnya hasrat terhadap materi,
aktivitas seksual, dll.). Ketika masyarakat gagal
membantu mengatur individu karena perubahan yang
radikal, kondisi anomie (tanpa hukum atau norma) akan
terbentuk. Individu yang tiba-tiba masuk dalam situasi ini
dan mempersepsikannya sebagai kekacauan dan tidak
dapat ditolerir cenderung akan melakukan bunuh diri.
Misalnya remaja yang tidak mengharapkan akan ditolak
oleh kelompok teman sebayanya.
4. Fatalistic Suicide
Tipe bunuh diri ini merupakan kebalikan dari anomic
suicide, dimana individu mendapat pengaturan yang
berlebihan dari masayarakat. Misalnya ketika seseorang
dipenjara atau menjadi budak.
epidemiology
A review of the world literature showed that attempted suicide rates
varied between
100 and 300 per 100,000;
that there was a preponderance of females in all countries;
that about 50 percent of attempters were under 30 years of age; there
was
an excess of divorced persons;
the lower social classes were overrepresented; and
that a diagnosis of depression was made in between 35 to 79 percent of
cases.
Acute Problems
The circumstances surrounding a suicide
attempt invariably involve
recent life change,
particularly interpersonal stress.
Chronic problem
Persons who attempt suicide also tend to have
chronic problems with
marriage,
children,
work,
finances,
health, or
alcohol.
Psychiatric Disorders
Hospital studies show that about 40 percent
of those who attempt suicide have a history
of psychiatric treatment.
Psychiatric assessments
reveal that about 50 percent have a personality
disorder,
up to 40 percent have other psychiatric disorders.
The most common diagnoses that are not
personality disorders are depressive
disorders (up to 40 percent of women and 30
percent of men).
Risk of Repetition
About 40 percent of attempters have made a previous
attempt.
Follow-up studies show that between 13 and 35 percent
will repeat the attempt
during the next 2 years.
During this time up to 7 percent will make two or more
attempts, 2.5 percent three or more attempts, and 1
percent, five or more attempts.
Thus, there appear to be three subgroups of repeaters: the
very occasional repeater,
the person who repeats several times within a short
period, and the chronic on
habitual repeater.
7 items
reference
Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive
Textbook of Psychiatry 7th ed Benjamin J. Sadock