SEMINAR

Oleh
1. Tricahyo agung budi harjo (3713100018)
2. Yudi Rahmat
(3713100039)
3. Muhazzib
(3713100041)

Question

LEARNING OUTCOMES DURING THE

COURSE THIS SEMESTER

Skill-Attitude-Knowledge

Skill-Attitude-Knowledge

Skill-Attitude-Knowledge

Question

HOW DO THE QUALITY TEST OF

BRICK FROM 3 DIFFERENT FACTORY
AND MUTUALLY INDEPENDENT

Problem

Parameter,
variabel

Methods

Solution

TEORI
porositas
Perbandingan volume rongga pori pori terhadap volume total batuan merupakan arti
fisi dari porositas. Hasil dari perbandingan ini biasanya di lakukan dengan persen.

Dimana :

volume pori pori

Vb

= porositas pori dalam %

= ( cm3 )
= volume bulk, ( cm3 )

TEORI
Densitas

Perbandingan antara berat batuan asli dengnan volume batuan. Densitas merupakan
sifat fisis yang secara signifikan dipengaruhi oleh porositas. Jika distribusi densitas
batuan dibawah permukaan diketahui, maka secara potensial informasi perlapisan
dapat diketahui. Besarnya densitas batuan suatu material dipengaruhi oleh: jenis
mineral serta persentasenya, porositas batuan, dan fluida pengisi rongga

TEORI
Saturasi

Saturasi fluida didefinisikan dengan tingkat kejenuhan batuan dalam pori pori batu
bata. Metoda untuk menentukan saturasi fluida terbagi menjadi metoda secara
langsung dan metoda secara tidak langsung. Metoda langsung ditempuh dengan
memilih batuan yang dijadikan sample kemudian mengukur saturasi dari beberapa
sample tersebut sehingga bisa mewakili seluruh karakteristik batuan formasi tersebut.
Metoda tidak langsung yaitu dengan cara mengukur saturasi fluida berdasarkan hasil
perhitungan dari data karakteristik sifat batuan yang lain.

Analisa Awal

Uji Kualitas Batu Bata

Alat dan Bahan :

1). Neraca O hauss : mengukur massa
2). Neraca pegas : mengukur massa
3). Gelas Beker
4). Benang Wol
5). Air
6). Oven

Cara Kerja
Percobaan uji densitas dan porositas pada batu bata dengan menggunakan neraca O
Houss dan neraca pegas ini diawali dengan mengukur massa pada ke tiga macam batu
bata yang digunakan dengan menggunakan necara O Houss, kemudian batu di oven
selama 1 jam setelah setelah suhunya mencapai lebih dari 80 oC , setelah itu ditimbang
lagi massa batu dengan necara O Houss, lalu di oven lagi sampai berulang ulang sampai
massanya konstan dan ditulis sebagai massa kering (mk). Lalu batu ditimbang beratnya
dengan neraca pegas dan ditulis sebagai berat kering (wk). Batu kemudian diikat dengan
menggunakan benang wol. Kemudian mengambil air diletakkan pada gelas beker, lalu
batu dimasukkan kedalam gelas beker yang telah berisi air tersebut. Tunggu sampai
gelembung-gelembung air hilang lalu kemudian batu diukur beratnya dengan neraca
pegas dan ditulis sebagai berat basah (wb). Setelah itu benang wol dilepas dari batu.
Kemudian batu bata ditimbang massanya dengan menggunakan necara O Houss dan
ditulis sebagai massa basah (mb).

Quality Control
Untuk mengetahui baik buruk dan mutu bata harus diketahui standart quality yang
harus dipenuhi
Standar quality :
- densitas ( 1,6 2,0 ) gr/cm2
- warna orange kecokelatan
- dimensi p = 40cm , l = 7,5 cm , tebal = 5 - 20 com
- angka kekuatan = 25 , 50 , 100 , 150
- texture permukaan datar dan kesat
- standar penyerapan max 13% dan 17%

-Bata merah atau batu bata diangap baik jika penyerapan airnya kurang dari 20%.
- densitas ( 1,6 2,0 ) gr/cm2
- warna orange kecokelatan
- dimensi p = 40cm , l = 7,5 cm , tebal = 5 - 20 com
- angka kekuatan = 25 , 50 , 100 , 150
- texture permukaan datar dan kesat
- standar penyerapan max 13% dan 17%, bata merah atau batu bata diangap baik jika
penyerapan airnya kurang dari 20%.
- Bata yang baik akan mengeluarkan bunyi yang nyaring. Uji bunyi ini merupakan salah satu
parameter kekeringan dari batu bata yang digunakan juga sebagai standart kasar porositas.
-Bata dikatakan baik jika bercak-bercak putih yang menutup permukaan bata kurang dari 50%.

DATA SHEET

Question

Make the pharagraphs in order to obtain an unified and coherent description

In each pharagraph, underline the phrase that shows the basic containts on paragraph
Provide a title / heading oh the descripton
Show the structure within the description, and provide sub-title / sub-headings (as
appropriate) of each sub structure. (abstract, introduction, method, results and
discussion, conclution)
Write key words for the abstract, not more than 5 words

Abstrak
We have developed a new marine magnetotelluric (MT) measurement system that can reduce noises caused
by sea wave motions and can be applied to measurements under very shallow seawater areas, such as a
coastal region with a sea depth of 10 to 100m. The difficulties of geophysical exploration in shallow water
and coastal areas include (1) fishery activity, (2) limitations of survey vessel size, and (3) motion noise
caused by sea waves. In order to overcome these difficulties, we selected a MT method that uses natural EM
fields without transmitting an electric current in seawater, which enables the method to be used in areas with
active inshore fisheries. In addition, the developed marine MT system is very short, which reduces motion
generated by sea waves, and compact, which enables light-draft small survey boat operation. We conducted
offshore data acquisition using a new MT measurement system and an onshore MT survey at the Horonobe
coastal area, Hokkaido, Japan. High-quality data were successfully obtained in both onshore and offshore field
surveys. Two-dimensional (2D) inversion for field data from onshore to sea bottom reveals that a quaternary
sedimentary layer of a few hundred meters in thickness, which was determined by well logging to be a
freshwater layer, extends horizontally offshore for several kilometers under the sea. The results obtained
herein demonstrate that the newly developed marine MT measurement system can be used to clarify the
geoelectrical structures of brackish/fresh groundwater distributions and in coastal areas.

Introduction
Geological Setting

The geological information of coastal areas is important because of the high concentration of economic and
social activities in these areas. For example, the importance of the saline/freshwater distribution in coastal
areas has been increasingly recognized in groundwater utilization for municipal, industrial, and agricultural
purposes (Mitsuhata et al., 2006). In addition, coastal areas have been considered as candidate repository
sites of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) (e.g., the nuclear waste created by the reprocessing of spent
fuel) (Tanaka et al., 2003). The basic national policy of Japan is to isolate HLW underground at a depth of at
least 300m in a stable geologic formation. Coastal areas are identified as candidate repository sites for
several reasons, such as transportation and logistical advantages for shipping, the lower hydraulic gradient
of groundwater flow compared with inland areas, and the general lack of habitation areas downstream of the
groundwater flow. However, seawater intrusions exist in the ground of coastal areas (Mitsuhata et a., 2006).
The fresh/saltwater boundary in the ground can move depending on the sea level over long periods of time,
e.g., thousands to tens of thousands of years (Ito et al., 2010andTanaka et al., 2003). Furthermore, the
subsurface of coastal areas may contain fossil seawater that was trapped during sediment formation. These
physical and chemical changes in groundwater may affect subsurface facilities (Tanaka et al., 2003).
Therefore, evaluating brackish/fresh groundwater distributions and hydrological structures in coastal area is
essential (e.g.,Marui, 2003andMarui and Hayashi, 2001).

Methods
MT DATA ACQUISITION

For MT data acquisition in coastal regions, we have developed a new marine MT

measurement system that is able to operate at sea water depths ranging from 5 to
100m and to survey to depths of a few kilometers below the seafloor. The new MT
receiver system consists of three primary components: a data logger, EM sensors,
and a baseboard onto which the other components are fixed.

Study Area

We have conducted field experiments on the proposed marine EM receiver system at

the Horonobe coastal area in the northeast part of Hokkaido Island, Japan. The
Horonobe coastal area is located in the western part of the Tenpoku region (fig.2). This
area is part of a sedimentary coastal basin, which is composed of poorly compacted
Neozoic sand-, silt-, and mudrocks. These formations are unconformably overlain by
terrace deposits, alluvium, and lagoonal deposits (unconsolidated deposits of gravel,
sand, and mud) (e.g.,Koshigai et al., 2012).

Result and Discussion

Geoelectrical Model

The geoelectrical model (Fig.10) shows that upper part of the Sarabetsu Formation
beneath the seafloor also exhibits relatively high resistivity (approximately 10 to
100-m), although this area is under seawater. This high-resistivity quaternary
formation extends more than 10km offshore. We estimate that this resistive zone
below the seafloor was created by the regressiontransgression sequence of the
coastline during cycles of glacial and interglacial ages

Conclusion

We have developed a new marine MT measurement system that can be applied to

measurement in a shallow seawater area, such as coastal regions. The difficulties of
EM explorations in shallow water and coastal areas include (1) fishery activity, (2)
limitations of survey vessel size, and (3) motion noise caused by sea waves.In order to
overcome these difficulties, we selected a magnetotelluric (MT) method that uses
natural EM fields without transmitting an electric current and/or a magnetic field in
seawater, which enables the method to be used in areas with active inshore fisheries.
In addition, the developed marine MT system is very short in order to reduce motion
generated by sea waves and is compact, which enables light-draft small survey boat
operation.

Keyword

Keywords: Coastal Areas, Magnetotelluric ,Marine, Resistivity, Shallow Seawater.

Tittle

A MARINE MAGNETOTELLURIC MEASURMENT SYSTEM IN A VERY SHALLOWWATER ENVIROMENT

Salam

TERIMAKASIH