PROGRAM STUDI STATISTIKA

JURUSAN MATEMATIKA
FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA

STATISTIKA
PENGENDALIAN MUTU
BAB 1
KUALITAS: DEFINISI, HISTORIS, MANAJEMEN
DAN HUBUNGAN DENGAN STATISTIKA

Darmanto Universitas
Brawijaya
 KUALITAS

DECISION
FACTOR of
COSTUMERS UPGRADING

UNDERSTANDING

Strategi

Kompetisi

BISNIS SUKSE
Darmanto - Kualitas 2
 3

PERFOR
CONFOR MANCE
MANCE
RELIABIL
TO
ITY
STANDA
RD

PERCEIV DIMENSION of
QUALITY DURABIL
ED
ITY
QUALITY (GARVIN, 1987)

FEATURE SERVICIA
S BILITY
AESTHET
ICS

Darmanto - Kualitas
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TWO ASPECTS of

Quality of Didasarkan pada

Design pangsa pasar

Quality of Didasarkan pada

Conforman seberapa baik
ce performa produk

Darmanto - Kualitas
 Warranty Cost 5
Jepang Amerika

Sedikit
pengajuan
klaim
garansi Mesin Transmisi Mobil

25 75

- Less rework
- Reduction of wasted Distribusi Produk
Transmisi
time
- Reduction of effort
- Reduction of money

- Var(US) > Var(JPN)

- Quality is inversely
QUALITY proporsional to
IMPROVEMENT variability

Darmanto - Kualitas
REKAYASA KUALITAS
Elemen yang
saling
berhubungan
yang fisik
menggambarkan
kualitas dari
suatu produk
KARAKTERIS indra
TIK
KUALITAS
waktu

Darmanto Rekayasa Kualitas 6

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- Harapan: Identik dari

unit ke unit
- Variabilitas produk
kecil
- Sebab variabilitas:
- Bahan baku
- Kinerja operator
Upaya operasional, manajerial,
- Performa mesin
maupun aktivitas keteknikan
yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan
guna menjamin karakteristik
kualitas produk yang dibuat
memenuhi suatu nilai Rekayasa
tertentu/spesifikasi/standar Kualitas

Darmanto Rekasaya Kualitas

KUALITAS & STATISTIKA

Statistical Method
DATA

Variabe
l

Atribut

Darmanto Kualitas & Statistika 8

 9

target
toleransi

Batas Nilai Spesifikasi

Upper Specification Limit

USL
LSL
Lower Specification Limit

Darmanto Kualitas & Statistika

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Fase Penerapan
Metode Rekayasa Kualitas

Acceptance Statistical Experimental

Sampling Process Control Design

USL

Target

LSL

Darmanto Kualitas & Statistika

HISTORIS KUALITAS

Systematic
The first quality
170
Personal quality
improvement by
190
laboratory was 190
Inspection and
testing product
built in Great
0Craftsman 1Britain 7was begun by
AT&T

W. A.
192AT&T formed 192 ASQC is
194
Shewhart
a quality formed, ISO is
0sdepartment 4introduced
control chart
6founded

Darmanto Historis Kualitas 11

 12
Taguchi started
Fegeinbaum
194studied and
applied of
195
Ishikawa
diagram was
195
published book:

8 Design of
Experiment
0introduced 1Total Quality
Management

195
Page proposed
CUSUM control
195
Handbook of
Quality Control 195
Technometrics
was established,
was published by EWMA was
4chart 7Juran and Gyrna 9proposed

Quality
198
Six-Sigma 198
Engineering 200
ISO spreads
7was initiated 9was
established
0s

Darmanto Historis Kualitas

 ASPEK MANAJEMEN KUALITAS

Pengontrolan dan
Perencanaan Penjaminan Perbaikan (Control
(Planning) (Assurance) and Improvement)
Pengembangan Menjamin kualitas Menjamin kualitas
produk, biaya, produk terkelola sesuai dengan
pemasaran, efisiensi dengan baik. spesifikasi.
tenaga kerja dan 4 sistem dokumentasi Menerapkan konsep
Identifikasi konsumen kualitas: kebijakan statistika untuk
(suara konsumen) (yang harus-kenapa mengurangi
dikerjakan), prosedur, variabilitas proses
instruksi kerja dan produksi.
spesifikasi (produk,
departemen, alat,
mesin), rekaman
(semua hal ttg
SNIS SUKSES produksi)

Darmanto Aspek Manajemen 13

ilosofi Kualitas
Strategi Manajemen
& 14

gs 14 Points ( W. Edwards Demin

1. Create a constancy of purpose focused on the
improvement of products and services
2. Adopt a new philosophy that recognizes we are in a
different economic era
3. Do not rely on mass inspection to control quality
4. Do not award business to suppliers on the basis of price
alone, but also consider
quality
5. Focus on continuous improvement

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6. Practice modern training methods and invest in on-the-job
training for all employees
7. Improve leadership, and practice modern supervision
methods
8. Drive out fear
9. Break down the barriers between functional areas of the
business
10.Eliminate targets, slogans, and numerical goals for the
workforce
11.Eliminate numerical quotas and work standards
12.Remove the barriers that discourage employees from doing
their jobs
13.Institute an ongoing program of education for all employees
14.Create a structure in top management that will vigorously
advocate the first 13 points

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s 7 Deadly Diseases of Managem

1. Lack of constancy of purpose

2. Emphasis on short-term profits
3. Evaluation of performance, merit rating, and
annual reviews of performance
4. Mobility of top management
5. Running a company on visible figures alone
6. Excessive medical costs
7. Excessive legal damage awards

Darmanto Aspek Manajemen Kualitas

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Merencanakan perubahan atau
eskperimen untuk perbaikan
PLAN
ngadopsi perubahan atau tidak.
sistem
a mengadopsi, pastikan
at perbaikannya permanen

ACT
Shewhart DO
Cycle

Melakukan perubahan
Atau eksperimen
Mempelajari dan menganalisis
CHECK
Hasil yang telah dicapai.

Darmanto Aspek Manajemen Kualitas

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ran Trilogy ( Joseph M. Juran)

Plannin Perencanaan
perbaikan kualitas
g produk

Control Penjaminan
kualitas produk
ling terpenuhi

Improvi Perbaikan kualitas

produk secara
ng berkala

Darmanto Aspek Manajemen Kualitas

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Armand V. Feigenbaum

Total Quality Control

Organizat
Quality Quality
ional
Leadershi Technolog
Commitm
p y
ent

Darmanto Aspek Manajemen Kualitas

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al Quality Management (TQM)
Strategi dalam menerapkan dan mengelola aktivitas
perbaikan kualitas dalam suatu organisasi.
Dikenalkan pada awal tahun 1980an: kombinasi
filosofi Deming dan Juran.

ality System & Standards

Dikeluarkan oleh The International
Standard Organization (ISO).

Darmanto Aspek Manajemen Kualitas

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Malcolm Baldrige National
uality Award (MBNQA)

Leadership system; Company

1. Leadership responsibility and citizenship

2. Strategic Strategy development process;

Planning Company strategy

Customer and market knowledge;

3. Customer and Customer satisfaction and
Market Focus relationship enhancement

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4. Information Measurement and analysis of performance;

Information management
and Analysis

5. Human Work system; Employee education, training,

and development; Employee well-being and
Resource Focus satisfaction

6. Process Management of product and service processes;

Management of business processes;
Management Management of support processes

7. Business Customer results; Financial and market results;

Human resource results; Organizational result
Results

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VII. Six-
Sigma pertama kali tahun 1980 oleh
Dikenalkan
Motorola.
Tujuan utama adalah mengurangi
variabilitas proses sehingga produk cacat
yang dihasilkan sangat kecil.

Darmanto Aspek Manajemen Kualitas

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Darmanto Aspek Manajemen Kualitas

 Kualitas & 25

75% produk baik

Produktifitas
(25% cacat).
60% dari cacat,
rework. Jumlah produk rework
Biaya
Jumlah produk per produk
Biaya per rework
100(1000) 15(300)
Biaya Rp .1,161.11
90
Jumlah produk baik
90% produk baik
QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
(10% cacat).
60% dari cacat,
rework.
100(1000) 6(300)
Biaya Rp .1, 060.42
96

Darmanto Aspek Manajemen Kualitas

aya Kualitas 26

Prevention Appraisal Internal Failure External

Costs Costs Costs Failure Costs
Quality Inspection Scrap Complaint
planning and and test of Rework adjustment
engineering incoming Retest Returned
New products material Failure product/materi
review Product analysis al
Process inspection and Downtime Warranty
control test charges
Yield loses
Burn-in Materials and Liability costs
Downgrading
Training services Indirect costs
Quality data consumed
acquisition Maintaining
and analysis accuracy of
test
equipment

Darmanto Aspek Manajemen Kualitas

 MATERI PERTEMUAN
SELANJUTNYA:
Variansi dalam pengendalian
kualitas:
1. Statistika Deskriptif
2. Distribusi Diskrit
3. Distribusi Kontinyu

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