Fisioterapi Muskuloskeletal Dan Bedah 1 Pertemuan 2
Fisioterapi Muskuloskeletal Dan Bedah 1 Pertemuan 2
SLAMET SUMARNO
Disampaikan pada seminar sehari
TEKANAN
OKSIGEN
Di Daerah
SEA
LEVEL
Pulmonary ventilation
(breathing) is the
proses by which air
is moved into and out
of the lungs.
It has two phases:
inspiration and
expiration.
Proses pernafasan.
1. External Respirasi
a. Inspirasi.
b. Ekspirasi.
2. Internal Respirasi.
a. Tranportasi (sirkulasi).
b. Buffer
Inspirasi is an active
process in which the
diaphragm and the
external intercostal
muscles increase the
dimensions, and thus
the volume, of the
thoracic cage.
This decreases the
pressure in the lungs
and draws air in.
Tekanan alveoli minus
3 s/d 10 mmHg < dari
760 mmHg.
Normal expiration is
the passive process.
The inspiratory muscle
relax and the elastic
tissue of the lungs
recoils, returning the
thoracic cage to its
smaller, normal
dimensions.
This increases the
presure in the lungs
and forces air out.
Forced or labored
inspiration and expiration
are active proceses,
dependent on muscle
actions.
Aktif inspirasi dibantu otot-
otot: Scalani, Sterno cledo
mastoideus, pektoralis,
membantu angkat sternum
dan costae ke depan atas.
Tekanan alveoli turun
sampai 100-80 mmHg.
Aktif ekspirasi dibantu otot-
otot : Abdominalis,
Latisimus dorsi Inspirasi. Ekspirasi
1. Tranportasinya
Exchange O2 in cells
a. Air to blood
b. Blood to cells
2. Exchange CO2
1. Cells to blood
2. Blood to air
3. Buffer
Ruang rugi
anatomi dan fisiologi
Ruang rugi
Anatomi:
Gas yanga
Ada pada
Jalan nafas
150 CC
Ruang rugi
Fisiologi:
Keterbatasan
Ventilasi
Paru atau
Raung residu
Yang tinggi
DAERAH
PERTUKARAN
O2 Dan CO2:
1. Brokus respiratoris
2. Ducctus
3. Succus dan
4. Alveoli
Pertahanan Respiratory
system
1
Inhalasi melalui hidung
Mempunyai keuntungan
1.Udara disaring.
2.Udara dilembabkan.
3.Udara dihangatkan.
4.Cegah peradangan
jalan nafas bag atas.
2. Pembersih jalan nafas oleh cillia
dan fungsi menelan
Perfusi eksterna
respirasi
Eksteranal respirasi:
Dalam paru Dipengaruhi:
1. Cairan surfaktan
2. Tebal membran.
3. Volume darah
4. Hb darah
5. Kecepatan sirkulasi.
6. Vicositas darah.
7. pH darah
Tranportasi O2 dan CO2
dalam darah
• Kemampuan
jantung (COP= HR
X Stroke volume).
• Tahanan perifer.
• Fleksibilitas
pembuluh darah.
• Lumen.
• Vikositas.
• Hb.
• Saturasi darah dll.
Ventilation: The Pumps
1. Inspiration
2. Expiration
3. Diaphragm
1. Low energy pump
2. Concavity – flattens
4. Thorax: ribs & muscles
5. Pleura: double membrane
1. Vacuum seal
2. Fluid-lubrication
Ventilation: The Pumps
1. Airway Resistance
2. Diameter
3. Mucous blockage
4. Bronchoconstriction
5. Bronchodilation
6. Alveolar compliance
1. Surfactants
2. Surface tension
7. Alveolar elasticity
Lung
, volumes
1. Volume paru
a. RV 1200 cc
b. ERV
c. TV
1000
d. IRV
2. Capasitas paru 500
a. Capasitas inspirasi 1900-3300
b. Capasitas Ekspirasi
c. Capasitas vital PRIA WANITA
d. Capasitas total paru. VCI 3,3 1,9
e. Kapasitas residual TV 0,5 0,5
VCE 1,0 0,7
VR 1,2 1,1
V TOTAL 6,0 4,2
Clinical Cardiovascular Anatomy & Physiology
1. Kemampuan
jantung (COP= HR
X Stroke volume).
2. Tahanan perifer.
3. Fleksibilitas
pembuluh darah.
4. Lumen.
5. Vikositas.
6. Hb.
7. Saturasi darah .
8. Sistem konduksi
Blood Components: Plasma Transports
Solutes
1. Erythrocytes
1. Red Blood Cells (RBC)
2. O2 & CO2 transport
1. Lymphatic structures
1. Capillaries with valves
2. Lymph vessels
3. Lymph nodes & organs
2. Immune defense:
lymphocytes
3. Transport of fats
4. Collects excess ECF
1. Returns to plasma
2. Edema
System
lymphe
System Aliran Lymphe
Net Out Flow Into ECF
Hubungan antara kapiler dan pembuluh lymphe