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Tekanan Intra Kranial
- Isi ruang intrakranial terdiri dari :
- Otak 87 % (air 77 %). Cont Vol
- Darah 4 %. ent ume
Brain (70%)and 140
- Cairan Serebro Spinal 9 %. interstitial fluid 0 ml
(10%) 150
Normal 10-15 mmHg.
Blood ml
TIK >20 mmHg CSf 150
Total ml
kerusakan otak.
170
Berlaku hukum Monro-Kellie. 0 ml
Doktrin Monro-Kellie
brain arterial venou
volume volume s intracrarn
volume al mtrecraniel
mass mas
s
vein
A B CS venous blood CS
F F
c
n
. , ," s
0
1! M
, .
� o
m
(n
"1
.=I
,'. ;
1 lll'l
i
1,Massi
1
ed rn
,"
; 30
,. , ,
;
blood brood blood
- - --
l
- .. , 'ii"
fh.
10
B in Br in
-
- - Com - rr d Unc-omp
n
d
Ed m
r due blood
Displace
volum to
CSF
Tekanan perfusi otak pertukaran oksigen dan nutrisi
dari pembuluh darah ke jaringan otak.
!
Morbiditas dori penderito.
o TTIK � kerusokon otak.
o l.esi rnosso fokal � perqeseron garis tengah dan
herniosi otak.
o 4 rnccom herniosl otok :
1. herniasi subfalcine
2. herni asi unca I
3. herni asi tronstentori a I
4. herniosi tonsi Ila r
Gejala Klinis
Bradycardla Is a
condition In which title
heart beats at an
unusually slow rate.
Macam-macam herniasi otak
Herniasi Subfalcine (Cingulate)
Definisi: gyrus cingulai
mengalami herniasi ke bawah
falks cerebri.
Etiologi: lesi supratentorial lateral
Gambaran klinis:
Biasanya asymptomatic,
lakukan observasi ketat secara
klinis atau radiologis.
Waspadai terjadinya herniasi
transtentorial, yang akan beresiko
menekan arteri serebri anterior.
Herniasi Tentorial Central (Axial)
Definisi: Pergeseran otak
(diencephalon dan mesencephalon)
ke kaudal melalui incisura trans
tentorial
Etiologi: lesi supratentorial midline,
pembengkakan cerebral yang difus,
herniasi uncal tahap lanjut.
Gambaran klinis:
Deteriorasi mulai dari rostral ke caudal ( kegagalan
diencephalon sampai medulla oblongata secara berurutan).
Penurunan tingkat kesadaran ( penekanan mesencephalon).
-------'6-,,!t---� �
Pitu 1a1ry Po , 1ri r
gland comm_ ieatl g
a_ e.,
Temporal -
lobe ..._��----1 ·
Po s--�� Postericu
eer:ebr�I trt;ry
Oacipi1.al---- - Ve · re.I
lobie ��---,��--
..... Basilar artery,artery
._ ·e0tauu
m
-
-
-
S,traiighl sinus
Transverse
-- Superior
sag1ittall sinus
sin1us
lnferio r1
S,ig1m1oid Cav,ernou,s
, sinus
slnus
�.............�- 0p. htha mic
1
S1uperiio veins- -
petrosal sfnus
Inferior s Faci1al
petrosal slrn vein
Retiromandibular
vein
Ii
Cerebral
Site of
ham Effect Cllnlc consequenc ---
atton lpsilateral 3rd cranial nerve a e dilated pupil
I psilateral fixed
T'ranste corn press
nt,orial ion Horizontal diplopia, convergant
llp.silat,eral ,sth cranial squint
nerve Occloltal infarction Cortical blindness
com pression
Posterior cerebral
Upper motor neurone
artery compression signs
Cerebral
Brainstem and Decere brats posture
peduncle
compression Cardlorespiratory f aiIu
com press
haemorrhage re
ion
Foramen Brainstarn compression and Death
mag1nu haernorrhaqe
m Acut,e obstruction of
Decorticate posturing: The elbows,
CSF wrists and fingers flexed; legs
pathway extended and rotated inward.
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