ASPEK PENGEMBANGAN

SARANA DAN PRASARANA

KULIAH 1:
PENGANTAR (DEFINISI INFRASTRUKTUR)

OLEH:
DR. IR. LA ODE MUH. MAGRIBI, MT
 DEFINISI INFRASTRUKTUR
ASSOCIATED GENERAL CONTRACTOR OF AMERICA (AGCA, 1982)

“The nation’s infrastructure is its

system of public facilities, both
publicly and privately funded,
which provide for the delivery of
essential services and a sustained
standard of living….”
 DEFINISI INFRASTRUKTUR
GRIGG (1988)
Semua fasilitas fisik yang sering disebut dengan pekerjaan
umum.
KODOATIE (2003)
• Infrastruktur merupakan pendukung utama fungsi-fungsi
sistem sosial dan sistem ekonomi dalam kehidupan
sehari-hari masyarakat.
• Infrastruktur merupakan fasilitas dan struktur fisik yang
dibangun guna berfungsinya sistem sosial dan sistem
ekonomi menunjuk pada suatu keberlangsungan dan
keberlanjutan aktivitas masyarakat dimana infrastruktur
fisik mewadahi interaksi antara aktivitas manusia dengan
lingkungannya.
 DEFINISI INFRASTRUKTUR
Suripin (2003)

 Infrastruktur (perkotaan) adalah bangunan atau

fasilitas-fasilitas dasar, peralatan-peralatan,
instalasi-instalasi yang dibangun dan
dibutuhkan untuk mendukung berfungsinya
suatu sistem tatanan kehidupan sosial ekonomi
masyarakat.
 Infrastruktur merupakan aset fisik yang
dirancang dalam sistem sehingga mampu
memberikan pelayanan prima pada
masyarakat.
KLASIFIKASI INFRASTRUKTUR
 KLASIFIKASI INFRASTRUKTUR
HUDSON, HASS, UDDIN (1997)

• TRANSPORTASI
• AIR
• AIR LIMBAH
• PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH
• PRODUKSI DAN DISTRIBUSI ENERGI
• BANGUNAN GEDUNG
• FASILITAS REKREASI
• KOMUNIKASI
INFRASTRUKTUR TRANSPORTASI

TRANSPORTASI DARAT
JALAN, JEMBATAN, TEROWONGAN, JALAN KERETA API
TRANSPORTASI UDARA
BANDARA, HELIPORTS, GROUND FACILITIES, ATC
WATERWAYS DAN PELABUHAN
SHIPPING CHANNELS, MAIN TERMINALS, DRY DOCKS,
PELABUHAN
INTERMODAL FACILITIES
RAIL/AIRPORT TERMINALS, TRUCK/RAIL/PORT TERMINALS
MASS TRANSIT
SUBWAYS, BUS TRANSIT, LIGHT RAIL, MONORAILS,
PLATFORMS/ STATIONS.
INFRASTRUKTUR TRANSPORTASI
(DARAT – LAUT – UDARA)
JALAN KERETA API TEROWONGAN

JALAN, JEMBATAN

BANDARA

HELIPORTS GROUND FACILITIES

SHIPPING CHANNELS PELABUHAN DRY DOCKS

INFRASTRUKTUR TRANSPORTASI
(INTERMODAL FACILITIES, MASS TRANSIT)

TRUCK/RAIL/PORT TERMINALS

RAIL/AIRPORT TERMINALS SUBWAYS

RAIL/AIRPORT TERMINALS BUS TRANSIT

Cleveland Hopkins International Airport station LIGHT RAIL

MONORAILS PLATFORMS/ STATIONS

INFRASTRUKTUR AIR
DAN AIR LIMBAH
WATER SUPLY
PUMPING STATIONS, TREATMENT PLANTS, MAIN
WATER LINES, WELLS, MECHANICAL/ ELECTRIC
EQUIPMENT
STRUCTURES
DAMS, DIVERSION, STRUCTURES, TUNNELS,
AQUADUCTS
AGRICULTURAL WATER DISTRIBUTION
CANALS, RIVERS, WEIR (BENDUNG), GATES, DIKES
(TANGGUL)
SEWER
MAIN SEWER LINES, SEPTIC TANKS, TREATMENT
PLANTS, STORM WATER DRAINS
INFRASTRUKTUR AIR DAN AIR LIMBAH
WATER SUPLY, TRUCTURES

PUMPING STATIONS TREATMENT PLANTS

MAIN WATER LINES
WELLS DAMS

TUNNELS AQUADUCTS
INFRASTRUKTUR AIR DAN AIR LIMBAH
AGRICULTURAL WATER DISTRIBUTION, SEWER

CANALS RIVERS

GATES
STORM WATER DRAINS
INFRASTRUKTUR PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH
LANDFILLS, TREATMENT PLANTS, RECYCLING FACILITIES
FOR : SOLID WASTE, HAZARDOUS WASTE, NUCLEAR WASTE
INFRASTRUKTUR PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH
LANDFILLS, TREATMENT PLANTS, RECYCLING FACILITIES
FOR : SOLID WASTE, HAZARDOUS WASTE, NUCLEAR WASTE
INFRASTRUKTUR PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH
LANDFILLS, TREATMENT PLANTS, RECYCLING FACILITIES
FOR : SOLID WASTE, HAZARDOUS WASTE, NUCLEAR WASTE
INFRASTRUKTUR PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH
LANDFILLS, TREATMENT PLANTS, RECYCLING FACILITIES
FOR : SOLID WASTE, HAZARDOUS WASTE, NUCLEAR WASTE
INFRASTRUKTUR PRODUKSI
DAN DISTRIBUSI ENERGI
ELECTRIC POWER PRODUCTION
HIDRO-ELECTRIC POWER STATION, GAS, OIL AND COAL FUELED POWER
GENERATION.
ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION
HIGH VOLTAGE POWER TRANSMISION LINES, SUBSTATIONS,
DYSTRIBUTION SYSTEM, ENERGY CONTROL CENTER, SERVICE AND
MAINTENANCE FACILITIES.
GAS PIPELINE
GAS PRODUCTION PIPELINE, CONTROL CENTERS, STORAGE TANKS,
SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE FACILITIES.
PETROLEUM/ OIL PRODUCTION
MARINE AND GROUN TANKER TERMINALS, PIPELINES, PUMPING STATION,
MAINTENANCE FACILITIES, STORAGE TANKS
NUCLEAR POWER STATIONS
NUCLEAR REACTORS, POWER GENERATION STATION, NUCLEAR WASTE
DISPOSAL, FACILITIES EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES
INFRASTRUKTUR PRODUKSI
DAN DISTRIBUSI ENERGI
INFRASTRUKTUR
BANGUNAN
TALL BUILDINGS – RESIDENTIAL/ COMERCIAL
STRUCTURES, UTILITIES, SWIMMING POOLS, SECURITY, GROUND ACCES, PARKING
PUBLIC BUILDINGS
SCHOOLS, HOSPITAL, GOVERNMENT OFFICES, POLICE STATIONS, FIRE STATIONS,
POSTAL OFFICE, PARKING STRUCTURE
MULTIPURPOSE COMPLEXES
COLISEUM, AMPHITHEATRE, CONVENTION CENTER, RELIGIOUS CONGREGATION
BUILDING
SPORTS COMPLEXES
INDOOR, STADIUM, GOLF COURSES
MOVIE THEATERS
INDOOR, DRIVE-IN
HOUSING FACILITIES
PUBLIC, PRIVATE
MANUFACTURING/ WAREHOUSE FACILITIES
HOTELS/ COMERCIAL PROPERTIES
HOTELS, INNS, TIME-SHARING UNITS, CLUBS, MALLS
INFRASTRUKTUR
FASILITAS REKREASI
PARKS AND PLAYGROUND
ROADS, PARKING AREA, RECREATIONAL
FACILITIES, OFFICE BUILDING, REST ROOMS,
ORNAMENTAL FOUNTAINS, SWIMMING POOLS,
PICNIC AREAS
LAKE AND WATER SPORTS
ROADS, PARKING AREA, PICNIC AREA, MARINAS
THEME PARKS/ CASINOS
ACCES ROADS, BUILDINGS, RESTAURANT,
SECURITY FACILITIES, STRUCTURES
INFRASTRUKTUR
FASILITAS REKREASI
INFRASTRUKTUR
FASILITAS REKREASI
INFRASTRUKTUR KOMUNIKASI

• TELECOMUNICATION NETWORK
TELEPHON EXCHANGE STATION, CABLE DISTRIBUTION, POWER SUPPLIES,
SWITCHING AND DATA PROCESSING CENTER, BUILDING, TRANSMISSION
TOWER, REPEAT STATION.
• TELEVISION/ CABLE NETWORK
PRODUCTION STATION, TRANSMISSION FACILITIES, CABLE DISTRIBUTION,
POWER SUPLY, BUILDING.
• WIRELESS/ SATELITE NETWORK
SATELITES, GROUND CONTROL CENTER, COMMUNICATION SYSTEM,
RECEIVERS, BUILDING, SERVICES AN MAINTENANCE.
• INFORMATION HIGHWAY NETWORK
COMPUTER NETWORK, CABLE DISTRIBUTION, DATA PROCESSING
HARDWARE/ SOFTWARE, ON LINE AND OFF LINE SYSTEM, INFORMATION
SOURCES, BUILDING, BACKUP AND RECORDING MEDIUMS.
INFRASTRUKTUR KOMUNIKASI
INFRASTRUKTUR KOMUNIKASI
PROSES PENGELOLAAN INFRASTRUKTUR

1 PLANNING
2 PROGRAMMING
3 BUDGETING
4 DESIGN
5 LAND ACQUISITION/ CONSTRUCTION
6 OPERATE AND MAINTENANCE
7 MONITORING AND EVALUATION
8 SUSTAINABLING
 ISU-ISU PENTING TERKAIT DENGAN
INFRASTRUKTUR
• INFRASTRUKTUR DIBUTUHKAN SEBAGAI PENUNJANG BERBAGAI
KEGIATAN AGAR DAPAT BERJALAN LEBIH EFEKTIF DAN EFISIEN.
• PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR HARUS PULA MEMPERTIMBANGKAN
ASPEK LINGKUNGAN
• PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR DI PERDESAAN DAN PERKOTAAN
MASIH TERJADI KETIMPANGAN (DISPARITAS).
• PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR MEMBUTUHKAN BIAYA YANG SANGAT
BESAR, SEHINGGA PERLU DIDORONG UAPAYA-UPAYA PEMBERDAYAAN
DAN SWADAYA MASYARAKAT.
• MUNCULNYA EGO SEKTORAL DAN EGO TERITORIAL PADA MASA
OTONOMI DAERAH, SEHINGGA PERLU DIRUMUSKAN BENTUK-BENTUK
KERJASAMA PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR LINTAS WILAYAH.
• MELIBATKAN SWASTA DAN DUNIA USAHA JUGA SANGAT PENTING
DALAM UPAYA PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR.
• PEMEKARAN WILAYAH MENGAKIBATKAN PERUBAHAN POLA
PENANGANAN INFRASTRUKTUR.
INFRASTRUKTUR DAN LINGKUNGAN
EMPAT KELOMPOK FAKTOR DALAM EVALUASI
DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN PEMBANGUNAN
INFRASTRUKTUR:
1. FAKTOR POLUSI
2. FAKTOR EKOLOGI
3. FAKTOR SOSIAL
4. FAKTOR ENGINEERING
FAKTOR POLUSI
KUALITAS UDARA, KUALITAS AIR, KEBISINGAN, PENGARUH KONSTRUKSI PADA PERMUKAAN DAN
BAWAH TANAH, PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH, SISTEM PEMBUANGAN AIR
FAKTOR EKOLOGI
WETLAND, COASTAL ZONES, WILDLIFE AND WATERFOWL, ENDANGERED SPECIES, ANIMAL AND
BIRD HABITATS, FLORA AND FAUNA, LANDSCAPE AND DRAINAGE, ECOSYSTEM DISTURBANCE
FAKTOR EKOLOGI
ECOSYSTEM DISTURBANCE
FAKTOR SOSIAL
DISPLACEMENT AND RELOCATION OF RESIDENCES AND BUSINESSES, PARKLAND AND RECREATIONAL
AREAS, HISTORICAL AND ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES, CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS PLACES, NATURAL AND
SCENIC BEAUTY
HISTORICAL AND ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES NATURAL AND SCENIC BEAUTY
“PETRA”

DISPLACEMENT AND RELOCATION OF RESIDENCES AND BUSINESSES

CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS PLACES

PARKLAND AND RECREATIONAL AREAS

 FAKTOR ENGINEERING
STORM WATER DRAINAGE, FLOOD HAZARD, USE OF ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES,
COST AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVES
 TEAM WORK EXERCISE
• BUAT MAKALAH BERUPA TELAAHAN KRITIS
PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR (PILIH SALAH
SATU DARI 8 KATEGORI INFRASTRUKTUR) DAN
PILIH SALAH SATU LOKASI SPESIFIK DALAM KOTA
• MAKALAH MEMUAT ISU-ISU PENTING TERKAIT
DENGAN INFRASTRUKTUR TERSEBUT SERTA
DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN.
• BERIKAN ALTERNATIF “TERBAIK” MENGENAI
PENGELOLAAN INFRASTRUKTURNYA (MENURUT
PANDANGAN KELOMPOK ANDA).
• PRESENTASIKAN MINGGU DEPAN.
 REFERENSI
Anonim, 2006, Konsep Pembangunan Infrastruktur, Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan
Lingkungan, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Nalarsih, Retno Tri, 2007, Analisis Ketersediaan dan Kapasitas Pemenuhan

Infrastruktur di kawasan Bisnis Beteng Surakarta, Tesis (Tidak
dipublikasikan), Program Pasca Sarjana Universitas Diponegoro,
Semarang