System Design and Construction
System Design and Construction
pengantar
hal tujuan, kegiatan, peran, input dan output, teknik, dan langkah-
langkah.
Prepared by
Apa yang tradisional dan prototyping pendekatan untuk desain
Kevin C. sistem.
Dittman for
Systems
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Apa Desain Sistem?
Prepared by
Kevin C.
Dittman for
Systems
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
SYSTEMS DESIGN
Documentation
Configuration
Phase
Documentation
Technology
Repository
Requirements
Procurement
Phase
Documentation
Technology
Design Integration
Requirements Requirements
Design
&
Prepared by Integration
Phase to the
Kevin C. construction
phase
Dittman for
Systems
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Strategi Untuk Desain Sistem
prototyping
JAD
RAD
Subscriber's Acceptance
name decision
Standing and Acceptance
time account decision
closed
Reviewed
Standing and application
1.2.1 time account 1.2.3
closed 1.2.2
Get past Record
Determine
member account reviewed
acceptance
standing application
1.2.3.1 1.2.3.2
Past Member Reject Accept
applicant applicant
Prepared by
Kevin C. Rejected
application
New
member
details
Dittman for
Systems Rejected
applications
Members
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Strategi Untuk Desain Sistem
Prepared by
Kevin C.
Dittman for
Systems
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Strategi Untuk Desain Sistem
prototyping
Sebuah prototipe, menurut kamus Webster, adalah `` asli atau
model yang sesuatu yang bermotif '' dan / atau `` skala penuh
pertama dan biasanya bentuk fungsional dari jenis baru atau desain
konstruksi (seperti pesawat terbang) . ''
Insinyur membangun prototipe mesin, mesin, mobil, dan
prototyping
Pendekatan prototyping memiliki beberapa keunggulan.
prototyping
Pendekatan prototyping memiliki beberapa keunggulan. (Lanjutan)
Prototyping dapat meningkatkan kreativitas karena
memungkinkan untuk umpan balik pengguna lebih cepat yang
dapat menyebabkan solusi yang lebih baik.
Prototyping mempercepat beberapa fase dari siklus hidup,
mungkin melewati programmer.
Prepared by
Kevin C.
Dittman for
Systems
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Strategi Untuk Desain Sistem
prototyping
Pendekatan prototyping memiliki beberapa kelemahan.
Prototyping mendorong kembali ke `` code, melaksanakan, dan
perbaikan '' siklus hidup yang digunakan untuk mendominasi
sistem informasi.
Prototyping tidak meniadakan kebutuhan untuk tahap survei
dan studi.
Anda tidak dapat sepenuhnya menggantikan prototipe manapun
untuk spesifikasi kertas.
Prepared by
Ada banyak masalah desain tidak ditangani oleh prototyping.
Kevin C.
Prototyping sering menyebabkan komitmen dini untuk desain.
Dittman for
Ketika prototyping, ruang lingkup dan kompleksitas sistem
Systems dapat dengan cepat memperluas luar rencana asli.
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Strategi Untuk Desain Sistem
prototyping
Pendekatan prototyping memiliki beberapa kelemahan. (Lanjutan)
Prototyping dapat mengurangi kreativitas dalam desain.
Prepared by
Kevin C.
Dittman for
Systems
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Strategi Untuk Desain Sistem
prototyping
Prototip dapat dengan cepat dikembangkan menggunakan banyak
4GLs dan berorientasi objek bahasa pemrograman yang tersedia
saat ini.
Prototip dapat dibangun untuk output sederhana, dialog komputer,
fungsi tombol, seluruh subsistem, atau bahkan seluruh sistem.
Setiap sistem prototipe ditinjau oleh pengguna akhir dan
manajemen, yang membuat rekomendasi tentang persyaratan,
metode, dan format.
Prepared by Prototipe tersebut kemudian dikoreksi, ditingkatkan, atau
Kevin C. disempurnakan untuk mencerminkan persyaratan baru.
Dittman for Revisi dan peninjauan proses berlanjut sampai prototipe
Systems diterima.
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Strategi Untuk Desain Sistem
Prepared by
Kevin C.
Dittman for
Systems
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Strategi Untuk Desain Sistem
Prepared by
Kevin C.
Dittman for
Systems
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Strategi Untuk Desain Sistem
CEPAT
Itu CEPAT metodologi tidak memaksakan teknik desain tunggal
pada pengembang sistem.
CEPAT mengintegrasikan semua strategi yang populer desain yang
Tahap konfigurasi
Tujuan dari fase konfigurasi untuk mengidentifikasi solusi
FOCUS ON
SYSTEM
FOCUS ON
SYSTEM
FOCUS ON
SYSTEM
FOCUS ON
SYSTEM
REASON
DATA PROCESSES INTERFACES GEOGRAPHY Methodology
Survey Phase
R e c e iv a ble
D a t a ba s e
Marketing
Customers order zero,
C re dit
Study Phase
Data Requirements Business Processes Interface Requirements Communication Reqts.
rejected order
St.
PRODUCT EDI
order Louis
catalog Products
credit Cust changes Catalog
CUSTOMER product-no Customers
Check HQ
credit
customer-no product-name Fi recracker Sales
order-no valid
customer
T order-date picking
service
A
N Definition Phase
A
L
Y
S
T
SYSTEM
S
DESIGNERS
(specification)
SYSTEM
BUILDERS
(components)
Prepared by
Kevin C. Software
Interface
Technology
Networking
(and Hardware)
(and standards)
Technology
(and standards)
(and standards)
Telchnology
(and standards)
Configuration
Phase
Systems
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
CONFIGURATION PHASE
Approval
System to 1
Owners continue Define
project Various
Candidate H/W & S/W
Outside
Solutions Specifications
Sources
Prepared by Technology
Requirements
Dittman for
Systems to the design and integration phase
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Konfigurasi Tahap Desain Sistem
Prepared by
Kevin C.
Dittman for
Systems
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Konfigurasi Tahap Desain Sistem
Prepared by tentang kebutuhan bisnis dan karena itu harus terlibat dalam
solusi curah pendapat yang mungkin memenuhi persyaratan
Kevin C. tersebut.
Dittman for
Systems
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Konfigurasi Tahap Desain Sistem
Prepared by
Kevin C.
Dittman for
Systems
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Characteristics Candidate 1 Candidate 2 Candidate 3 Candidate ...
Portion of System Computerized COTS package Platinum Member Services and Same as candidate 2.
Plus from Entertainment warehouse operations in
Brief description of that portion of the Software Solutions would be relation to order fulfillment.
system that would be computerized in purchased and customized to
this candidate. satisfy Member Services
required functionality.
Benefits This solution can be Fully supports user required Same as candidate 2.
implemented quickly business processes for
Brief description of the business benefits because its a purchased Soundstage Inc. Plus more
that would be realized for this solution. efficient interaction with
candidate. member accounts.
Servers and Workstations Technically architecture Same as candidate 1. Same as candidate 1.
dictates Pentium pro, MS
A description of the servers and Windows NT class servers
workstations needed to support this and Pentium, MS Windows
candidate. NT 4.0 workstations
(clients).
Software Tools Needed MS Visual C++ and MS MS Visual Basic 5.0 MS Visual Basic 5.0
ACCESS for customization System Architect 3.1 System Architect 3.1
Software tools needed to design and of package to provide report Internet Explorer Internet Explorer
build the candidate (e. g., database writing and integration.
management system, emulators,
operating systems, languages, etc.). Not
generally applicable if applications
software packages are to be purchased.
Application Software Package Solution Custom Solution Same as candidate 2.
Prepared by
Kevin C.
Dittman for
Systems
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Konfigurasi Tahap Desain Sistem
Payback period (discounted): Approximately 4.5 years. Approximately 3.5 years. Approximately 3.3 years.
Prepared by
Net present value: Approximately $210,000. Approximately $306,748. Approximately $325,500.
Dittman for
An assessment of how long the solution
will take to design and implement.
Score: 95 Score: 80 Score: 85
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Konfigurasi Tahap Desain Sistem
Prepared by
Kevin C.
Dittman for
Systems
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Konfigurasi Tahap Desain Sistem
• rencana proyek
• estimasi ukuran
• solusi calon
Prepared by • lengkap analisis kelayakan
Kevin C.
Dittman for
Systems
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Konfigurasi Tahap Desain Sistem
I. Introduction
A. Purpose of the report
B. Background of the project leading to this report
C. Scope of the project
D. Structure of the report
II. Tools and techniques used
A. Solution generated
B. Feasibility analysis (cost/benefit)
III. Information systems requirements
IV. Alternative solutions and feasibility analysis
V. Recommendations
VI. Appendices
Prepared by
Kevin C.
Dittman for
Systems
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Konfigurasi Tahap Desain Sistem
Prepared by
Kevin C.
Dittman for
Systems
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Konfigurasi Tahap Desain Sistem
Tahap Pengadaan
Pengadaan perangkat lunak dan perangkat keras tidak diperlukan
untuk semua sistem baru.
Ketika perangkat lunak atau perangkat keras baru yang
Tahap Pengadaan
Ada empat tujuan mendasar dari fase konfigurasi:
FOCUS ON
SYSTEM
FOCUS ON
SYSTEM
FOCUS ON
SYSTEM
FOCUS ON
SYSTEM
REASON
DATA PROCESSES INTERFACES GEOGRAPHY Methodology
Survey Phase
R e c e iv a ble
D a t a ba s e
Marketing
Customers order zero,
C re dit
Study Phase
Data Requirements Business Processes Interface Requirements Communication Reqts.
rejected order
St.
PRODUCT EDI
order Louis
catalog Products
credit Cust changes Catalog
CUSTOMER product-no Customers
Check HQ
credit
customer-no product-name Fi recracker Sales
order-no valid
customer
T order-date picking
service
A
N Definition Phase
A
L
Database Schema Application Schema Interface Schema Network Schema
Y
S Or der
P r ocessing
P r ogr am
New Cust ome r
Cust omer
Form
PRODUCT
T CUSTOMER product_no [Alpha(10)] INDEX
Logon Order Accept ed
SYSTEM customer_no [Alpha (10)] INDEX product_name [Alpha(32)] Change Communicat ions St . Louis
S customer_name [Alpha(32)]
Initiation
Routine
P r ocess
an Order
S hutdown
Routine
of Cont roller Mainframe
DESIGNERS unit_of_measure [Alpha(2)]
customer_rating [Alpha(1)] INDEX
unit_price [Real(3,2)]
New Order Address
Get an V alidate File an Order Help Complet e Order Form First Order
Or der an Order Or der PBX NT Server N Y
(specification) Request
Et hernet LA N/NT
Request O rde r Help
Product Et hernet LA N/NT
Check Check Check Release
ORDER_PRODUCT Lookup
ORDER Custom er
Cr edit
P r oduct
Data
Cr edit
Data
an
Or der
order_no [Alpha(12)] INDEX ORDER.order_no Help +
Request Product Lookup Help
order_date [Date(mmddyyyy) PRODUCT.product_no Indy AIX Serve r Client PC Client PC
Procurement
Manager
Phase
SYSTEM
BUILDERS
Prepared by (components)
Kevin C. Interface
Software Technology
Networking
(and standards)
(and standards)
Telchnology
(and standards)
Configuration
(and standards)
Systems Phase
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Research
Technical
System Design Criteria Solicit
Owners Approval & Proposals
RFP
Options (or quotes)
Potential or
Vendors, RFQ
Potential Options, &
Vendors, Tech. Criteria
H/W & S/W H/W & S/W Options &
Approval Recommendation Tech. Criteria
RFP or RFQ
H/W & S/W and Selection
Requirements Criteria Vendor
Integration Proposal
Establish Requirements Validate and/or
Integration Vendor Quotation
Requirements Repository Validation Claims
Criteria &
H/W & S/W Performance
Specs
Kevin C. Vendor
Not Validate Proposals
Proposals
Dittman for
Systems
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Pengadaan Tahap Desain Sistem
Prepared by
Kevin C.
Dittman for
Systems
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Pengadaan Tahap Desain Sistem
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Pengadaan Tahap Desain Sistem
I. Introduction
A. Background
B. Brief summary of needs
C. Explanation of RFP document
D. Call for action on part of vendor
II. Standards and instructions
A. Schedule of events leading to contract
B. Ground rules that will govern selection decision
1. Who may talk with whom and when
2. Who pays for what
3. Required format for a proposal
4. Demonstration expectations
5. Contractual expectations
6. References expected
7. Documentation expectations
III. Requirements and features
A. Hardware
1. Mandatory requirements, features, and criteria
2. Essential requirements, features, and criteria
3. Desirable requirements, features, and criteria
B. Software
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Pengadaan Tahap Desain Sistem
penulisan laporan.
mengembangkan kuesioner.
Prepared by
Kevin C.
Dittman for
Systems
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Pengadaan Tahap Desain Sistem
Prepared by
Kevin C.
Dittman for
Systems
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Pengadaan Tahap Desain Sistem
FOCUS ON
SYSTEM
FOCUS ON
SYSTEM
FOCUS ON
SYSTEM
FOCUS ON
SYSTEM
REASON
DATA PROCESSES INTERFACES GEOGRAPHY Methodology
Survey Phase
R e c e iv a ble
D a t a ba s e
Marketing
Customers order zero,
C re dit
Study Phase
Data Requirements Business Processes Interface Requirements Communication Reqts.
rejected order
St.
PRODUCT EDI
order Louis
catalog Products
credit Cust changes Catalog
CUSTOMER product-no Customers
Check HQ
credit
customer-no product-name Fi recracker Sales
order-no valid
customer
T order-date picking
service
A
N Definition Phase
A
L
Database Schema Application Schema Interface Schema Network Schema
Y
S Or der
P r ocessing
P r ogr am
New Cust ome r
Cust omer
Form
PRODUCT
T CUSTOMER product_no [Alpha(10)] INDEX
Logon Order Accept ed
SYSTEM customer_no [Alpha (10)] INDEX product_name [Alpha(32)] Change Communicat ions St . Louis
S customer_name [Alpha(32)]
Initiation
Routine
P r ocess
an Order
S hutdown
Routine
of Cont roller Mainframe
DESIGNERS unit_of_measure [Alpha(2)]
customer_rating [Alpha(1)] INDEX
unit_price [Real(3,2)]
New Order Address
Get an V alidate File an Order Help Complet e Order Form First Order
Or der an Order Or der PBX NT Server N Y
(specification) Request
Et hernet LA N/NT
Request O rde r Help
Product Et hernet LA N/NT
Check Check Check Release
ORDER_PRODUCT Lookup
ORDER Custom er P r oduct Cr edit an
Procurement
Cr edit Data Data Or der
order_no [Alpha(12)] INDEX ORDER.order_no Help +
Request Product Lookup Help
order_date [Date(mmddyyyy) PRODUCT.product_no Indy AIX Serve r Client PC Client PC
Phase
Manager
and
Design &
Integration Phase
SYSTEM
BUILDERS
(components)
Prepared by
Kevin C. Database
Software
(and Hardware)
Interface
Technology
Networking
Telchnology
Technology (and standards)
(and standards)
(and standards)
(and standards)
Configuration
Phase
Systems
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Approval Analyze
System to and
Owners continue Distribute
project Data
Technical
Design Normalized
Statement Distributed
Data Data Models
Models and
Revised
Present
and Prodess Data Model, Analyze
Models Target Solution, and
Review
Design & Process Distribute
Finished Models Processes
Design
Units Distributed
Process
Repository Models
Interface
Design Specs
Database
Interface
Design Units
Design Design I/O I/O
On-line Reqmts. Design Design Database
User Specs Reqmts. Design Specs
Interfaces Design
Prepared by Design
Database(s)
Computer
Kevin C. Outputs
and
Dittman for Inputs
Systems
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Desain dan Integrasi Tahap
Desain sistem
Proses Modeling.
Analisis acara.
Prepared by
Kevin C.
Dittman for
Systems
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Desain dan Integrasi Tahap
Desain sistem
Proses Modeling.
Analisis acara.
Prepared by
Kevin C.
Dittman for
Systems
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Desain dan Integrasi Tahap
Desain sistem
Prepared by
Kevin C.
Dittman for
Systems
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Desain dan Integrasi Tahap
Desain sistem
Prepared by
Kevin C.
Dittman for
Systems
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Desain dan Integrasi Tahap
Desain sistem
Prepared by data.
Sistem desainer - bertanggung jawab untuk menyelesaikan
Kevin C.
kegiatan ini.
Dittman for
• Mereka mungkin memanfaatkan keahlian dari sistem desainer
Systems yang mengkhususkan diri dalam desain antarmuka pengguna
Analysis & grafis.
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Desain dan Integrasi Tahap
Desain sistem
Dittman for
Systems
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Desain dan Integrasi Tahap
Desain sistem
Prepared by data.
Sistem desainer - bertanggung jawab untuk menyelesaikan
Kevin C.
kegiatan ini.
Dittman for
• Mereka mungkin memanfaatkan keahlian dari sistem desainer
Systems yang mengkhususkan diri dalam desain antarmuka pengguna
Analysis & grafis.
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Desain dan Integrasi Tahap
Desain sistem
Prepared by
Kevin C.
Dittman for
Systems
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Desain dan Integrasi Tahap
Desain sistem
Prasyarat (Input)
Masukan kunci untuk kegiatan ini adalah unit desain selesai.
Kiriman (output)
Deliverable prinsip kegiatan ini adalah Pernyataan desain
teknis.
Prepared by
Kevin C.
Dittman for
Systems
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Desain dan Integrasi Tahap
Desain sistem
Penulisan laporan.
presentasi verbal.
Manajemen proyek.
Prepared by
Kevin C.
Dittman for
Systems
Analysis &
Copyright Irwin/McGraw-Hill 1998
Systems Design and Construction
Desain dan Integrasi Tahap
Desain sistem
Ringkasan
pengantar
Apa Desain Sistem?