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Lebih Utama

PENILAIAN STATUS
GIZI ATLET
Desiani Rizki Purwaningtyas, S.Gz, M.Si
MK. Gizi Olahraga

Program Studi Gizi

Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan
 Penilaian Status Gizi pada Atlet

A Anthropometry

B Biochemical
C Clinic

D Dietary History
 Anthropometry

Berat Badan Tinggi Badan

Lingkar Lengan
Atas Skinfold
Penilaian Kapasitas Aerobik
 Multistage Fitness Test atau Beep Test

 Prosedur:
– Hidupkan Tape atau CD panduan tes.
– Peserta tes berlari sampai ke ujung yang bertepatan dengan suara
“beep” yang pertama berbunyi untuk berbalik dan berlari kearah
yang berlawananan.
– Selanjutnya setiap satu kali sinyal “beep” berbunyi perserta tes
harus dapat mencapai di salah satu lintasan yang ditempuhnya.
– Waktu setiap level 1 menit.
– Level 1, jarak 20 m ditempuh dalam waktu 8,6 detik sebanyak 7 kali
bolak-balik. Level 2 & 3, jarak 20 m ditempuh dalam waktu 7,5 detik
sebanyak 8 kali bolak-balik. Level 4 & 5, jarak 20 m ditempuh dalam
waktu 6,7 detik sebanyak 9 kali bolak-balik.
– Jika peserta gagal mencapai garis pembatas 20m sebanyak 2 kali
berturut-turut maka akan dihentikan atau telah dinyatakan tidak
 Norma Hasil Multistage Fitness Test
atau Beep Test

Rating Men Women

Excellent > 13 > 12
Very good 11 - 13 10 – 12
Good 9 - 11 8 – 10
Average 7-9 6–8
Poor 5-7 4–6
Very poor <5 <4
 Tes Cooper 12 menit
 Prosedur:
– Pada aba-aba “SIAP” peserta mengambil sikap berdiri, siap untuk lari.
– Pada aba-aba “YA” peserta lari semaksimal mungkin sampai waktu
menunjukan 12 menit
– Setelah waktu mencapai 12 menit stopwatch dimatikan dan pelari
disuruh berhenti ditempatnya masing-masing.
– Pengukuran jarak yang dapat ditempuh selama berlari selama 12
menit. Bila berhenti dianggap gagal.
– Pencatatan hasil.
Norma Hasil Tes Cooper 12 menit
 Tes Cooper 2,4 km
 Peserta tes berlari 2.4 Km dengan ditandai dengan aba-aba pada saat itu
stopwatch dihidupkan. Setelah mencapai finis dengan kaki menginjak
garis finis stopwatch dimatikan yang kemudian diukur catatan waktunya.
 Prediksi VO2max: (483 / waktu dalam menit) + 3,5.
 Norma hasil tes cooper 2,4 km:
Rating Males Females
Very poor > 16:01 > 19:01
Poor 16:00 – 14:01 19.00 – 18.31
Fair 14.00 – 12.01 18.30 – 15.55
Good 12:00 – 10:46 15:54 – 13:31
Excellent 10:45 – 9.45 13:30 – 12:30
Superior < 9:44 < 12:29
 Tes Balke
 Prosedur:
– Peserta tes berdiri di garis start dan bersikap untuk berlari secepat-
cepatnya selama 15 menit.
– Bersamaan dengan aba-aba “Ya….” Peserta tes mulai berlari dengan
pencatat waktu mulai meng-ON kan stopwatch.
– Selama waktu 15 menit, pengetes member aba-aba berhenti, dimana
bersamaan dengan itu stopwatch dimatikan dan peserta menancapkan
bendera yang telah disiapkan sebagai penanada jarak yang telah
ditempuhnya.
– Pengetes mengukur jarak yang ditempuh peserta tes yangtelah
ditempuh selama 15 menit dengan meteran.
– VO2max: 6,5 +(12,5 x jarak dalam km)
 3 Minutes Step Test (YMCA)

 Alat-alat yang dibutuhkan:

– Bangku 31 cm
– Stopwatch
– Metronom
 Prosedur:
– Setting metronom 96 bpm
– Nyalakan stopwatch
– Peserta melakuan langkah naik turun bangku sesuai dengan irama /
tempo bunyi metronom selama 3 menit.
– Setelah menyelesaikan 3 menit, peserta duduk (5 detik) dan segera
hitung denyut nadinya selama 1 menit full.
 Norma Hasil Tes YMCA

For Men:
V02max (mL/kg/min) = 111.33 -(0.42 x denyut nadi/menit)
For Women:
V02max (mL/kg/min) =65.81 - (0.1847 x denyut nadi/menit)
For example: If a man, 20 years old, finished the test with a
recovery HR of (36 beats in 15 seconds)
V02max (mL/kg/min) = 111.33 - (0.42 x 144) =50.85 mL/kg/min
Norma Hasil Tes YMCA
 Harvard Step Test

 Alat-alat yang dibutuhkan:

– Bangku 20 inch (50,8 cm)
– Stopwatch
– Metronom
 Prosedur:
– Setting metronom 120 bpm
– Nyalakan stopwatch
– Peserta melakuan langkah naik turun bangku pada ritme 30 step per
menit selama 5 menit atau sampai pesert kelelahan tidak bisa
mempertahankan ritme selama 15 detik.
– Setelah selesai, peserta duduk dan hitung denyut nadinya. Perhitungan
denyut nadi dilakukan pada menit ke 1-1,5; 2-2,5; dan 3-3,5 setelah
selesai tes.
 Norma Hasil Harvard Step Test

 Fitness index (short form): (100 x durasi tes) / (5,5 x denyut nada pada
menit ke 1-1.5)
 Fitness index (long form): (100 x durasi tes) / (2 x jumlah denyut nadi
selama recovery)
 Kategori fitness index:
Rating Fitness Index (Long
Form)
Excellent > 96
Good 83 – 96
Average 68 – 82
Low average 54 – 67
Poor < 54
 Muscular Endurance Test
 These tests may assess either dynamic muscular endurance (the capacity
to repeat contractions) or static muscular endurance (the capacity to
sustain a muscular contraction).
 Tests for dynamic muscular endurance: how many exercises the
participant can complete in a designated time (e.g. 30 seconds, a minute
or even two minutes) or until exhaustion with unlimited time. However,
the quality of the movement must be standardised and not sacrificed in
the desire for speed.
 Muscular Endurance Test: Push-Up
 The push-up event measures the endurance of the chest, shoulder, and
triceps muscles.
 Procedure:
– Your feet may be together or up to 12 inches apart. when viewed from
the side, your body should form a generally straight line from your
shoulders to your ankles.
– On the command ‘go,’ begin the push-up by bending your elbows and
lowering your entire body as a single unit until your upper arms are at
least parallel to the ground.
– Then, return to the starting position by raising your entire body until
your arms are fully extended. Your body must remain rigid in a generally
straight line and move as a unit while performing each repetition.
– At the end of each repetition, the scorer will
state the number of repetitions you have
completed correctly.
 Muscular Endurance Test: Sit-Up
 The sit-up event measures the endurance of the abdominal and hipflexor
muscles.
 Procedure:
– On the command “get set”, assume the starting position by lying on
your back with your knees bent at a 90-degree angle. your feet may be
together or up to 12 inches apart. another person will hold your ankles
with the hands only. the heel is the only part of your foot that must stay
in contact with the ground. Your fingers must be interlocked behind your
head and the backs of your hands must touch the ground.
– On the command “go”, begin raising your upper body forward to, or
beyond, the vertical position when the base of your neck is above the
base of your spine.
 Muscular Endurance Test: Sit-Up
 Procedure:
– After you have reached or surpassed the vertical position, lower your
body until the bottom of your shoulder blades touch the ground. Your
head, hands, arms, or elbows do not have to touch the ground.
– Athe end of each repetition, the scorer will state the number of sit-ups
you have correctly completed.
– A repetition will not count if you fail to reach the vertical position, fail to
keep your fingers interlocked behind your head, arch or bow
your back and raise your buttocks off the ground to
raise your upper body or let your knees exceed
a 90-degree angle.
 Muscular Endurance Test: Flexed Arm Hang Test

 This test measures upper body strength and static endurance.

 Equipment: stopwatch, horizontal overhead (pull-up) bar.
 Procedure:
– Starting position: chin above the bar and both feet off the ground.
– The grip can be either both palms facing forward or to the rear.
– Hold the position for as long as possible.
– The timer is started when the subject is in position and doesn’t stop
until they can’t maintain some degree of flexion at the elbow.
 Scoring: 1 point for every 1 seconds up to 40 seconds,
then 2 points per seconds. The minimum is 15 seconds.
 Muscular Strength Test: Handgrip Strength Test

 Equipment: handgrip dynamometer

 Procedure:
– The subject holds the dynamometer in the hand to be tested, with the
arm at right angles and the elbow by the side of the body.
– The handle of the dynamometer is adjusted if required - the base should
rest on first metacarpal (heel of palm), while the handle should rest on
middle of four fingers.
– When ready the subject squeezes the dynamometer with
maximum isometric effort, which is maintained for about
5 seconds.
– No other body movement is allowed.
– The subject should be strongly encouraged to give a
– maximum effort.
 Muscular Strength Test: Handgrip Strength Test

 Scoring: the best result from several trials for each hand is recorded, with
at least 15 seconds recovery between each effort.
 Norm of Handgrip Test:
Males Females
Rating
(lbs) (kg) (lbs) (kg)
excellent > 141 > 64 > 84 > 38
very good 123-141 56-64 75-84 34-38
above
114-122 52-55 66-74 30-33
average
average 105-113 48-51 57-65 26-29
below
96-104 44-47 49-56 23-25
average
poor 88-95 40-43 44-48 20-22
 References
Debbian Ario SR. 2016. Profil tingkat volume oksigen maksimal (VO 2max)
dan kadar hemoglobin (Hb) pada atlet yongmoodo Akmil Magelang.
[Skripsi] Program Studi Ilmu Keolahragaan Fakultas Ilmu Olahraga
Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.
Headquarters Department of Army USA. 1998. Physical Fitness Training.
Washington DC: Department of Army USA.
Helen CR et al. 2011. A review of the measurement of grip strength in
clinical and epidemiological studies: towards a standardised approach.
Age ageing 40 (4): 423-429.