BAGIAN-

BAGIAN SEL
YANG BERSIFAT
PROTOPLASMIK
Kamis, pk. 15:00 WIB - 2 SKS Teori, Ruang: D1-202
Kamis, pk. 07:00 WIB - 1 SKS Praktik, Ruang: D11 375

Pengampu :

Dr. Saiful Ridlo, M. Si.

Dra. Ely Rudyatmi, M. Si.
 GITA
FAROKA
4401419016

Anatomi Tumbuhan
Kelompok I (PBIO 3A
2019)
 ARDA
ERIYAHMA
4401419109

Anatomi Tumbuhan
Kelompok I (PBIO 3A
2019)
Perbedaan Sel tumbuhan dan sel hewan
 APA ITU
PROTOPLASMIK
?
Aktif dalam metabolisme.

Terdiri dari inti dan sitoplasma.

Sel dikatakan masih hidup jika di dalam sel masih dijumpai

adanya protoplasma.
 Protoplasmik

Bersifat Hidup
Melangsungkan proses
metabolisme
Bagian Sel Mana Saja yang Bersifat
Protoplasmik?
Nukleus
Retikulum Endoplasma
Badan Golgi
Mitokondria
Plastida
Badan Mikro
Ribosom
Sferosom
Mikrotubula
 Infographic StyleNUKLEUS
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 STRUKTUR NUKLEUS

Terdapat pada semua jenis sel, kecuali pada

bakteri dan alga biru hijau.
Secara umum berbentuk ellips.
Mempunyai diameter rata-rata 5 – 25 µm.
 Bagian dari nukleus meliputi:
A.Membran/ Selaput Inti
(Karioteka)
membran ganda fosfolipid
memisahkan bagian inti dengan
sitoplasma
terdiri atas tiga bagian yaitu :
1. Membran luar
2. Ruang perinuklear.
3. Membran dalam.
B. Kromatin => DNA dan protein.
sel membelah : kromosom terlihat tebal dan
memanjang. Kromosom adalah cetak-biru
(blue print) sel.
Fungsi : mengatur saat sel membelah diri,
menghasilkan protein-protein tertentu, dan
berdiferensiasi.
C. Nukleolus => struktur terikat tanpa membran
yang terdiri dari protein dan asam nukleat
D. cairan inti (nuclear sap)
cairan yang di dalamnya terdapat nukleolus
dan kromatin
 F
10%
U 1. Pusat sintesis dan pengaturan aktifitas/
kegiatan sel

N 40% 2. Sebagai pengatur pada sintesa

protein
20% G 3. Mengatur reproduksi tumbuhan
S dalam menentukan sifat-sifat hereditas
suatu organisme.

I
 RETIKULUM ENDOPLASMA
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 STRUKTUR
 memiliki struktur yang menyerupai kantung
berlapis-lapis. Kantung ini disebut cisternae.
 merupakan labirin membran yang demikian banyak
sehingga RE meliputi separuh lebih dari total
membran dalam sel-sel eukariotik.
Portfolio Presentation JENIS-JENIS :

RE kasar
Di permukaan, terdapat bintik-
bintik yang merupakan ribosom.
Ribosom ini berperan dalam
sintesis protein. Maka, fungsi
utama RE kasar adalah sebagai
tempat sintesis protein membran
sel.
Portfolio Presentation JENIS-JENIS :

RE halus
tidak memiliki bintik-bintik ribosom
di permukaannya.
Fungsi: beberapa proses metabolisme
yaitu sintesis lipid, metabolisme
karbohidrat dan konsentrasi kalsium,
detoksifikasi obat-obatan, dan tempat
melekatnya reseptor pada protein
 FUNGSI
 mendukung sintesis protein dan menyalurkan bahan
genetic antara inti sel dengan sitoplasma
 Menjadi tempat penyimpan Calcium
 Memodifikasi protein yang disintesis oleh ribosom
untuk disalurkan ke kompleks golgi (RE kasar)
 Mensintesis lemak dan kolesterol, di hati (RE
kasar dan RE halus)
 Menetralkan racun (detoksifikasi) misalnya
RE dalam sel-sel hati.
 Transportasi molekul-molekul dan bagian
sel yang satu ke bagian sel yang lain (RE
kasar dan RE halus)
 BADAN GOLGI
bentuk : seperti kantung yang pipih bertumpuk dibatasi oleh membran.
Jumlah normal => satu badan golgi pada
setiap sel.
Letaknya berdekatan dengan Retikulum
Endoplasma
Organel ini banyak dijumpai pada organ
tubuh yang melaksanakan fungsi ekskresi,
contohnya ginjal.
 FUNGSI

A
Sintesis polysakarida

Formasi sel dengan cara mentransfer

polysakarida yang dibentuk di badan
golgi ke daerah sel yang baru pada saat
sel masih dalam pertumbuhan

formasi pigmen, seperti pigmen melanin.

 Mitokondria
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 Struktur Mitokondria

Sistem membran ganda.

Mengandung DNAnya sendiri.

Ribosomnya dapat bereplikasi sendiri.

 Bagian-bagian Mitokondria
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 Fungsi
Mitokondria

Mengandung enzim-enzim yang

diperlukan untuk memperoleh energi.

Melakukan proses respirasi sel

aerob.
 Plastida
Tidak
Berwarna
Berwarna

Kloroplas Leukoplas

Kromoplas
 Leukoplas
Leukoplas meliputi
:

Amiloplas Elaioplas
Aleuroplas
(menyimpan lemak dan (menyimpan protein)
(menyimpan tepung) substansi berlemak)
 Kromoplas
Menyimpan pigmen tumbuhan (khususnya karoteniod
kuning, oranye dan merah).

Kromoplas berhubungan dengan warna bunga, buah, dan

akar.

Bentuk sangat bervariasi umumnya mempunyai bentuk tak

teratur, ada pula tipe granular, bersudut dan menggarpu.
 Kloroplas
Kloroplas mengandung pigmen,
termasuk klorofil, dan enzim-enzim
yang diperlukan untuk fotosintesis.

Kloroplas ditemukan pada tanaman

dan beberapa protista.
Struktur Kloroplas yang Khas
Dibatasi membran lapis ganda.

Membran luar adalah halus dan berbentuk oval pada tumbuhan tinggi.

Membran dalam punya struktur yang seperti cakram dan disebut tilakoid.

Cakram yang pipih ini bertumpuk untuk membentuk grana.

Cairan di mana grana tersuspensi disebut stroma.

Mengandung DNA yang unik.

 Struktur Kloroplas
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Badan Mikro
Badan mikro
terdiri dari
peroksisom
dan glioksisom.

Dibatasi
membran
tunggal.
 • Membran tunggal
• Terdapat pada daun
Peroksisom • berisi berbagai enzim dan yang
paling khas ialah enzim katalase
• Untuk oksidadi asam glikolat

• Hanya terdapat pada tumbuhan

• Pada bebijian yang berkecambah
Glioksisom • Tempat metabolisme asam lemak
dan siklus glioksilat
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Apakah
ribosom
itu???
Organel
Ukuran 17-20 nm,
Letak : sitoplasma, RE kasar, inti, dan
mitokondria,
Poliribosom,
Sintesis protein,
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 Sferosom
Badan lemak : bulat, tampak gelap,
Diameter : 0,5 – 1 nm
Asal : kantong kecil berisi minyak dari RE
sintesis lemak, didlmnya dijumpai timbunan
lemak, diduga sebagai intermedia sintesis
lilin, kutin, dan beberapa senyawa penghasil
lilin dan kutin penyusun dinding sel,
 Mikrotubula

Apakah itu?? Ada yang tahu??

 Mikrotubula
Bentuk : Tersusun atas
tubulin
silinder Letak :
panjang - bagian tepi
berongga sitoplasma
Ukuran : - bagian
dinding sel
23-27 nm yang masih
aktif
 FUNGSI

• Sebagai rangka sel,

• Mengarahkan gerakan komponen-komponen sel,
• Mempertahankan bentuk sel,
• Membantu pembelahan sel secara mitosis,
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THANK YOU