2. Local factor
1. General factor • kelainan jumlah gigi
• Herediter • Kelaianan ukuran gigi
• Kongenital • Kelainan bentuk gigi
• Environment • Kelainan frenulum
• Disease • Premature loss
• Dietary problem • Persistensi
• Abnormal habit • Delayed erupsi
• Posture • Abnormal erupsi pathway
• Trauma dan kecelakaan • Ankylosis
• Dental karies
• Improfer dental restoration
Vinay U, Rohit K,Ragni T. Class III Malocclusion and its Management: An
Overview. RRJoD (2016) 24-33 © STM Journals 2016.