IKA – B IKA – C
- -
ER Neonatal Ward
- -
TOTAL NUMBER OF INPATIENTS
Box6 Patients New New Discharge Patient with Deceased Total
Patients Patients Patients Problems
before
5 duty
Gastroenterologi 6 - - - - - 6
Nutrition & metabolic disease 2 - - - - - 2
Endocrine 0 - - - - - 0
Infection 1 - - - - - 1
Respirology 6 - - - - - 6
Al- Immunology 5 - - - - - 5
Neurology 10 - - - - - 10
Nephrology 10 - 1 - - - 11
Cardiology 5 - - - - - 5
Hemato-Oncology 33 - - - - - 33
Neonatology 18 - 2 - - - 20
NICU 15 - - - - - 15
PICU 6 - - - - - 6
HDU 2 - - - - - 2
Borang/Ogan 2 - - - - - 2
Rooming in 2 - - - - - 2
Total 123 - 3 - - - 126
NEW PATIENTS BEFORE ON
DUTY
No Identity Diagnose/ Severity Division
. Differential Diagnose Level
NEW PATIENTS DURING ON
DUTY
No. Identity Diagnose/ Severity Division
Differential Diagnose Level
1. By Ny WbMR/ F / 2 FT AGA + neonatal seizure due to HIE + 3 Neonatology
do meningitis + clinically sepsis
2. ME/ M / 14 years 10 Respiratory distress ec pleural effusion 2 Nephrology
months old ec suspected pulmonary tuberculosis +
cortical blindness + cephalgia ec
emergency hypertension ec SNA ec
AGNPS
3 By Ny SbS / M / 6 do FT AGA + icteric neonatorum + clinically 3 Neonatology
sepsis
4 IAS / M /4 yo Post resection anastomosis ec MAR + 3 Pediatric surgery
obs abdominal pain + feeding problem + collaboration with
stunted NMD
PROBLEM DURING ON DUTY
8
Name : EM
Date of birth : 02/06/2006
Sex : Male
Date of admission : 30/03/2021
Address : Prabumulih
Referral : Without confirmation
Pediatric Assessment Triangle
12
Appearance:
LL
NNO
T:Good muscle tone
MAA
Work Of Breathing :
ORR
I: interactiveness (+)
M
flaring (+)
ORR
M
MAA
C: consolable (+)
NNO
retraction (-)
L: eye contact (-)
LL
Abnormal airway sound (-)
S: speech (+)
NORMAL
Normal Abnorma
Normal l
Circulation:
Pale (-) mottling (-), cyanosis (-)
• Identification : • Identification :
Patent and RR 36x/min, Circulation
maintainable SpO2 98% (room air)
Nasal flare (+)
Retraction (-) • Identification: Disability
• Intervention : Pulse : 120 x/mnt (regular,
Maintenance of • Intervention : adequate vol & content)
patency airway,
O2 NRM 8 lpm nasal 2 lpm BP : 200/140 (>P99+5) Alert Exposure
positioning CRT < 2 second
GCS ExM6V5
• Evaluation : pupillary response Temp 36.5C,
RR 32 x/min, (-) Hematoma (-),
• Evaluation :
Snoring (-) SpO2 98% (room air) Exanthem (-),
Gurgling (-) Nasal flare (-) • Intervention: petechie (-)
Retraction (-) Observasion of No trauma and
• Intervention : mental afebrile
Nifedipine 10 mg sublingual status
• Intervention:
-
• Evaluation :
• Evaluation : GCS ExM6V5
BP : 160/110 (>P99+5)
• Evaluation :
Temp 36.5
ANAMNESIS
Time of Admission in ER : 17.00 Inward admission: 22.00
Chief complain : Shortness of breath
Additional complain : blindness, headache
Present Illness History
Patient had shortness of breath since 6 hours before admission to ER. He got shortness of breath
after moved during wait examination in poliklinik.. Patient taken to ER for further evaluation.
Patient had cough since 2 months prior admission, remittent cought, with low grade fever, decrease
of body weight. Patient also had headache, nor vomit or seizure. Patient was brought consult to
midwife and primary health care and given some medicine for common cold.
One month prior to admission patient had swollen at face and lower extremities, associated with
headache and non projectile vomiting with blurring of vision. After that the patient cannot do his
activities as usual. Patient only lay down on his bed, prefer in half siting position. Patient also had
reddish of urin, the mother said his urin like cocacola or tea, pain when urinate was denied. Patient
brought to midwife and then reffered to pediatrician.
A week ago, patient admitted in private hospital in Prabumulih. During admission, patient had
headache and high blood preassure. Patient got head CT scan, within normal limit. Patient had
blindness during admission in and datient reffered to pediatric oftalmologic for further evaluation
and management. During waiting period, patient had shortness of breath and taken to ER RSMH.
History of hypertension in family was denied
History of travel out of town was denied
History of contact with tuberculosis and confirmed covid-19 was denied
History of trauma was denied
Immunization History:
• Unrecalled immunization
Growth and Development history:
• Normal growth and development
16
March 9, 2021
Physical Examination
Specific Condition
HEENT : NCAT (normocephaly atraumatic), oedema palpebra (-/-), anemic conjungtiva (-/-),
icteric sclera (-/-), pupil equal round, dilated, not reactive to light accomodation, nasal flaring
(+), swollen face (-), discharge from OAE (-/-), tonsil T1-T1,
Thorax : I: static symmetrical, dynamic asymmetrical chest expansion, retraction (-)
P: stem fremitus sinistra increase, cepitasi (-)
P: sonor in hemithorax dextra, dullness in hemithorax sinistra
Lung : vesiculer normal in hemithorax dextra, decreased in hemitoraks sinistra, rales (-), wheezing (-)
N N - -
Refleks Refleks
fisiologis N N Patologis - -
Pediatric Early Warning Score (PEWS)
19
0
4
20
PROBLEMS ASSESSMENT
Respiratory distress Respiratory distress ec suspect pleural
Prolong cough effusion ec susp tuberculosis
Prolong fever Cephalgia + sudden blindness ec emergency
Decrease of body weight hypertension ec susp SNA ec GNAPS
Cephalgia
Sudden blindness
Emergency hypertension
History of gross hematuria
DIAGNOSIS/ DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS WORKING DIAGNOSIS
Respiratory distress ec suspect pleural Emergency hypertension ec SNA ec GNAPS
effusion ec susp tuberculosis dd/ + respiratory distress ec pleural effusion ec
pneumonia dd/ decomp cordis ec suspected tuberculosis
emergency hypertension
Cephalgia + sudden blindness ec
hypertension emergency ec susp SNA ec
GNAPS dd/ malignancy dd/hypertension
essential
21
PLAN EXAMINATION THERAPY
Complete blood count O2 nasal canul 2 lpm
Ureum Creatinine Drip clonidin 0,002 mg/kgBW 0,09 mg in
Albumin, ASTO, C3 D5% 100 ml start from 12 ml/hours
Urinalysis (titration)
Chest X ray Furosemid 40 mg every 12 hours
Head CT Scan Captopril 25 mg every 12 hours
Echocardiography Ceftriaxone 2 gr in D5% 100 ml (drip in 1
Urinary tract ultrasounography hour) every 24 hours
Consult to respirology (Sputum
Molecular Rapid Test Tuberculosis,
Mantoux test)
Consult to pediatric oftamology
MONITORING DIET
Vital sign (BP,RR,Temp) Total calorie= 44 x 50 = 2200 kcal/day
BP every 30 minutes while on Rice 3x1 portion = 1200 kcal
clonidine Snack 2x1 portion= 500 kcal
Balance and diuresis every 6 hours FC 3 x 150 ml = 300 kcal
ADMISSION Nephrology
22
Ophtamology Assesment
Assement
Papil edema oculi dextra and sinistra grade IV
Plan
Take fundus picture in pediatric ophtamologic division
Laboratory Finding (March 30, 2021)/RSMH
24
Result Normal
Hematocrit 41 38-52 %
MCV 74 75-87
MCH 27 25-31
MCHC 36 33-35
Result Normal
25
26
Result Normal
pH 6 Leucocyte 0-5
Urobilinogen 1
Nitrit Negative
Conclusion : normal limit
28
29
30
THANK
YOU
SINDROM NEFRITIS AKUT
Literature review
SNA adalah kumpulan gejala-gejala nefritis yang timbul secara
mendadak, terdiri atas hematuria, proteinuria, silinderuria (terutama
selinder eritrosit), dengan atau tanpa disertai hipertensi, edema,
kongestif vaskuler atau Acute Kidney Injury sebagai akibat dari suatu
proses peradangan yang lazimnya ditimbulkan oleh reaksi imunologik
pada ginjal yang secara spesifik mengenai glomeruli.
ETIOLOGI
1. Penyebab SNA dengan hipokomplementemia
Glomerulonefritis Akut Pasca Streptokokus (GNAPS)
Shunt nephritis
Nefropati IgA
PENEGAKAN DIAGNOSIS
Anamnesis
Pada kelainan ginjal berat biopsi ginjal perlu dilakukan untuk melihat
Nefropati IgA
Kadar IgA serum biasanya meningkat (10,2%), kadar komplemen (C3,
Antihipertensi
Bila hipertensi dalam derajat sedang sampai berat disamping pemberian
diuretika ditambahkan obat antihipertensif oral (propranolol atau
kaptopril).
Antibiotika
Amoksisilin 50 mg/kgBB dibagi dalam 3 dosis selama 10 hari. Jika
terdapat alergi terhadap golongan penisilin, dapat diberikan eritromisin
dosis 30mg/kgbb/hari.
GNAPS dengan komplikasi berat:
Kongesti vaskuler(edema paru, kardiomegali, hipertensi)
Pemberian oksigen
Bila disertai gagal jantung kongestif yang nyata dapat dipertimbangkan pemberian digitalis.
Glomerulonefritis progresif cepat (GN kresentik). Merupakan bentuk GNAPS berat yang ditandai
serangan hematuria makroskopis, perburukan fungsi ginjal yang berlangsung cepat dan progresif, dan
pada biopsi ginjal dijumpai gambaran glomerular berupa bulan sabit (crescent).
Disamping penanggulangan hipertensi dan gagal ginjal diberikan metilprednisolon pulse dengan
dosis:
15 mg/kgBB metil prednisolon (tidak boleh melebihi 1 gram) perinfus sekitar 60-90 menit setiap hari
selama 5-6 hari. Perlu dipantau tanda-tanda fungsi vital (denyut nadi, tekanan darah, pernafasan) dan
kadar elektrolit
Lanjutkan dengan metil prednisolon oral, 2 mg/kgBB/hr selama 1 bulan. Lalu dosis prednison
diberikan secara alternate 2 mg/kgBB/ 2 hari selama 1 bulan, kemudian dilanjutkan separuh dosis
dengan interval 1 bulan, setelah dosis 0,2 mg/kg selama 1 bulan lalu obat dihentikan.
Indikasi pulang
Keadaan penderita baik.
Gejala-gejala SNA menghilang.
Pengamatan lebih lanjut perlu dilakukan di poli khusus ginjal anak
minimal 1 kali 1 bulan selama 1 tahun.
Bila pada pengamatan ASTO (+) dan C3 masih rendah setelah 8
minggu dari onset, proteinuria masih + setelah 6 bulan dan hematuria
mikroskopis masih dijumpai setelah 1 tahun, atau fungsi ginjal
menurun secara insidius progresif dalam waktu beberapa minggu atau
bulan kemungkinan penyakit jadi kronik perlu dilakukan biopsi ginjal.