RELATIVE PRONOUN / ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

Relative pronoun adalah kata yang dipakai untuk

mengganti kata benda, guna menghindari pengulangan
penyebutan kata benda (noun).
Dalam B. Inggris kata yang dimaksud adalah:
Who;
Whom;
Whose;
Which;
of which; dan
that
Kesemua kata-kata diatas diterjemahkan dengan
“yang” dalam B. Indonesia
 Pemakaian Relative Pronoun
• Who; dipakai jika kata yang digantikan adalah kata benda
golongan orang yang berfungsi sebagai subjek.
• Whom; dipakai jika kata yang digantikan adalah kata benda
golongan orang yang berfungsi sebagai objek
• Whose; dipakai jika kata yang digantikan adalah kata
benda golongan orang yang berfungsi sebagai milik
• Which; dipakai jika kata yang digantikan adalah kata benda
golongan bukan orang, baik yang berfungsi sebagai subjek
maupun sebagai objek.
• of which; dipakai jika kata yang digantikan adalah kata
benda golongan bukan orang, yang berfungsi sebagai milik.
• That; dipakai untuk menggantikan who, whom dan which,
khususnya bila kata yang digantikan menggunakan kata
bilangan seperti: some, any, every, each, all etc.
 Examples
1. Dia memanggil saksi
Saksi itu membela dirinya
Dia memanggil saksi yang membela dirinya
He called upon the witness who defended himself
He called upon the witness defending himself
2. Ahmad meracuni cucunya
Dia menganggap cucunya sebagai tukang gaduh
Ahmad meracuni cucunya yang dia anggap sebagai tukang
gaduh
Ahmad poisoned his grandson whom he regarded as a trouble
maker.
3. Doddy menikahi wanita
Anak (pr) wanita itu teman sekelasnya.
Doddy menikahi wanita, yang anaknya teman sekelas dia
Doddy married the woman whose daughter was his classmate.
 Examples
1. Terdakwa mengajukan bukti.
Dia berharap bukti itu membela kepentingannya.
Terdakwa mengajukan bukti yang dia harap untuk membela
kepentingannya.
The defendant adduced the evidence which he/she expected to
defend his/her interest.
2. That boy ate the rice.
The rice was poisoned by his grandpa.
That boy ate the rice which was poisoned by his grandpa.
The boy ate the rice poisoned by his grandpa
3. Actions and statements are also of concern to the law of contracts.
Actions and statements give rise to expectations.
Actions and statements which give rise to expectations are also of
concern to the law of contracts.
4. The main objective of any international convention is to create a
peaceful and harmonious condition
Regulated community resides in a peaceful and harmonious condition
The main objective of any international convention is to create a
peaceful and harmonious condition in which regulated community
resides
 Exercises
1. A judge will be fired.
2. That judge is proven to receive bribery.
3. We will have a lecture from a speaker
4. The speaker is the author of
“International Law Treaties.”
1. He was born in a house
1. He lived in a house
2. He was born in a house which he lived in
3. He was born in a house in which he lived
4. He was born in a house where he lived
2. Romeo died on the date
3. Juliet was born on the date
4. Romeo died on the date which Juliet was
born on
5. Romeo died on the date on which Juliet was
born.
6. Romeo died on the date when Juliet was
born
 Exercises
1. The law of contracts is concerned with expectations.
The expectations are induced by the conduct of others.
2. The labors were deported by the Malaysian
government.
The labors did not have travel documents.
3. The Supreme Court decided that all plants must be
relocated
All plants are located around the Taj Mahal,
4. The witness is called an a de charge witness.
The witness defends the defendant’s interest.
5. The good neighborliness principle is codified in the
Stockholm Declaration.
The good neighborliness principle derives from a
Romance legal maxim.
 Exercises # 2
1. Buku yang saya baca ini dicetak pada
tahun 1955.
2. Dia akan menyewa rumah yang terletak
di bukit itu.
3. Jaksa akan menahan pria yang Laura
Laporkan kemaren.
4. Kami akan menggugat wanita yang
menjual mobil kuno itu.
5. Mobil yang kacanya pecah itu adalah
mobil Kepala Desa
He drove the van
The van was repaired by a
drunken mechanic

Ali bought a car

The car is made in Rusia
 Exercises
6. An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) describes
a process.
The process produces a statement to be used in
guiding decision-making, with several related functions
7. EIA procedure requires that a developer or business
owner submit a written document.
The written document describes the probable or
possible future environmental impact of the intended
action.
8. EIA is a detailed study concerning the potential effects
The potential effects arise from a proposed activity,
The potential effects have a significant adverse impact
on the environment.
 Exercises
9. Ali sues a man
The man lives opposite to his house
10. Ali sues a woman
The woman’s dog bit him
11. The inspector asked questions to the thief
The Birugo villagers hit the thief
12. Pasar Raya Traders came to consult the
Legislators
Pasar Raya Traders objected to Mayor’s
development plan.
13. Pasar Raya Traders protested the city plan
The city plan would injure their economy
 Exercises
1. The B Tinggi Policeman caught the computer
analyst ......... I hired to create my office
website.
2. The Supreme Court ordered the defendant to
release the cargo .......... he seizured.
3. The Court decided that the doctor to pay
compensation to the artist ....... nose was
operated.
 Exercises
1. All shoppers who entered the rear door were
all dead due to noxious gas from the
incinerator.
2. All shoppers entering the rear door ..........
3. The shoppers who were injured got
compensation from the management of the
plaza.
4. The shoppers injured got compensation from
the management of the plaza
Any person can be punished for 1 year imprisonment
Any person breaks Article 21 of this Regulation.
Any person that breaks article 21 of this Regulation can be
punished for 1 year imprisonment.
I want to do something
Something makes me happy.
I want to do something that makes me happy
I want to do something makes me happy
Everything that I do I do it for you
Any person that
 Omission of Relative Pronoun
1. He called upon the witness who defended himself.
He called upon the witness defending himself
2. That boy ate the rice which was poisoned by his
grandpa.
That boy ate the rice, poisoned by his grandpa.
3. The law of contracts is concerned with the
expectations which are induced by the conduct of
others.
The law of contracts is concerned with the
expectations induced by the conduct of others.
4. Actions and statements are also of concern to the law
of contracts which give rise to expectations.
Actions and statements are also of concern to the law
of contracts giving rise to expectations.
 Omission of Relative Pronoun
5. The labors, who did not have travel documents, were deported by
the Malaysian government.
The labors, not having travel documents, were deported by the
Malaysian government.
6. The witness, who defends the defendant’s interest, is called an
ad-charge witness.
The witness, defending the defendant’s interest, is called an ad-
charge witness.
7. The good neighborliness principle, which derives from a
Romance legal maxim, is codified in the Stockholm Declaration.
The good neighborliness principle, deriving from a Romance legal
maxim, is codified in the Stockholm Declaration.
8. The Supreme Court decided that all plants, which are located
around the Taj Mahal, must be relocated.
The Supreme Court decided that all plants, located around the Taj
Mahal, must be relocated.
 Omission of Relative Pronoun
9. The good neighborliness principle, which derives from a Romance
legal maxim, is codified in the Stockholm Declaration.
The good neighborliness principle, deriving from a Romance legal
maxim, is codified in the Stockholm Declaration
10. An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) describes a process
which produces a statement to be used in guiding decision-making,
with several related functions.
An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) describes a process,
producing a statement to be used in guiding decision-making, with
several related functions.
11. EIA procedure requires that a developer or business owner submit a
written document, which describe the probable or possible future
environmental impact of the intended action.
EIA procedure requires that a developer or business owner submit a
written document, describing the probable or possible future
environmental impact of the intended action.
12. The Government of Indonesia has passed the new law which is
neccessary to lure foreign investment.
13. The prosecutor adduced the signature which was not identical to the
original one.
 EXERCISES
• They romoved the tree
• The tree blocked the tranportation
• They removed the tree which bloked the
transportation
• They removed the tree blocking the
transportation
• The court seized the tools
• The tools were used to commit a crime
• The court seized the tools which were used to
commit a crime
• The court seized the tools used to commit a