Chap - 24 Idn
Chap - 24 Idn
Pertumbuhan
Chapter 24
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Production and Growth
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Production and Growth
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Production and Growth
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Production and Growth
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Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Seluruh
Dunia
Negara-negara termiskin
memiliki tingkat pendapatan
rata-rata yang belum terlihat di
Amerika Serikat selama
beberapa dekade.Negara-
negara termiskin memiliki
tingkat pendapatan rata-rata
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Peracikan dan Aturan 70
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Peracikan dan Aturan 70
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Contoh aturan 70
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Mengapa Produktivitas Sangat
Penting
Produktivitas memainkan
peran kunci dalam
menentukan standar hidup
untuk semua negara di dunia.
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Mengapa Produktivitas Sangat
Penting
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Mengapa Produktivitas Sangat
Penting
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Bagaimana Produktivitas
Ditentukan
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Faktor-faktor Produksi
Modal fisik
Sumber daya manusia
Pengetahuan teknologi
sumber daya alam
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Faktor-faktor Produksi
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Modal Fisik
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Sumber Daya Manusia
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Sumber Daya Alam
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Sumber Daya Alam
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Pengetahuan Teknologi
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Fungsi Produksi
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Fungsi Produksi
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Fungsi Produksi
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Fungsi Produksi
Fungsi produksi dengan pengembalian konstan
ke skala memiliki implikasi yang menarik.
Pengaturan x = 1/L,
Y/ L = A F(1, K/ L, H/ L, N/ L)
Di mana:
Y/L = output per pekerja
K/L = modal fisik per pekerja
H/L = modal manusia per pekerja
N/L = sumber daya alam per pekerja
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Fungsi Produksi
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Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan
Kebijakan Publik
Pemerintah dapat
melakukan banyak hal
untuk meningkatkan
produktivitas dan standar
hidup.
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Kebijakan Pemerintah yang
Meningkatkan Produktivitas dan Standar
Hidup
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Kebijakan Pemerintah yang
Meningkatkan Produktivitas dan Standar
Hidup
Mempromosikan perdagangan
bebas.
Mengontrol pertumbuhan populasi.
Mempromosikan penelitian dan
pengembangan.
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Pentingnya Menabung dan
Investasi
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Growth and Investment
(a) Growth Rate 1960-1991 (b) Investment 1960-1991
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Pentingnya Menabung dan
Investasi
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Pentingnya Menabung dan
Investasi
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Investasi dari Luar Negeri
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Investasi dari Luar Negeri
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Pendidikan
Untuk pertumbuhan jangka panjang suatu
negara, pendidikan setidaknya sama pentingnya
dengan investasi dalam modal fisik.
Di Amerika Serikat, setiap tahun sekolah
menaikkan upah seseorang rata-rata sekitar 10
persen.
Dengan demikian, salah satu cara pemerintah
dapat meningkatkan standar hidup adalah
dengan menyediakan sekolah dan mendorong
penduduk untuk memanfaatkannya.
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pendidikan
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pendidikan
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Hak Milik dan Stabilitas Politik
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Perdagangan Bebas
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Perdagangan Bebas
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Pengendalian Pertumbuhan
Penduduk
Populasi adalah penentu utama angkatan kerja
suatu negara.
Populasi besar cenderung menghasilkan total PDB
yang lebih besar.
Namun, PDB per orang adalah ukuran
kesejahteraan ekonomi yang lebih baik, dan
pertumbuhan populasi yang tinggi mengurangi
PDB per orang..
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Penelitian dan Pengembangan
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Perlambatan Produktivitas
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Perlambatan Produktivitas
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Pertumbuhan PDB Riil Per Orang
4.0
Growth Rate (% per year)
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
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Ringkasan
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Ringkasan
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Pertumbuhan dan Investasi
(a) Growth Rate 1960-1991 (b) Investment 1960-1991
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Pertumbuhan PDB Riil Per Orang
4.0
Growth Rate (% per year)
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0