Project QUALITY Management

Radian Z. Hosen
Oktober 2011
PM Process Groups vs PM Knowledge
Areas
process Initiating Planning Executing Monitoring Closing
knowledge & Control
Scope

Time

Cost

Quality

Human Resource

Communication

Risk

Procurement

Integration
 Perubahan Paradigma dalam 20
tahun tentang Kualitas
Dulu
Tanggung jawab blue-collar &
direct labour
Defect harus disembunyikan
Problem akan menjadi blame
Dokumen koreksi problem harus
minimum
Peningkatan kualitas akan
meningkatkan cost
Fokus internal
Perlu supervisi untuk produk
berkualitas baik
Terjadi saat eksekusi
Sekarang
Tanggung jawab setiap orang
Defect harus di “high-light”
Problem akan menjadi solusi
Dokumen esensial untuk lesson
learned
Peningkatan kualitas akan
menghemat cost
Fokus customer
Tiap orang ingin menghasilkan
produk berkualitas baik
Terjadi saat inisiasi dan harus
direncanakan
 Apa yang dituntut oleh customer?
• Performance lebih baik
• Lebih cepat selesai
• Teknologi lebih tinggi
• Tak ada waste / defect
• Profit margin kontraktor sekecil mungkin
 MENGAPA PERLU PROJECT
QUALITY MANAGEMENT ?
Untuk memastikan bahwa perencanaan proyek sudah
mencakup :
•Identifkiasi standard quality yang relevan dengan proyek
•Kiat cara memenuhi standar quality

Untuk memastikan bahwa :

•kualitas hasil kerja saat pelaksanaan proyek sesuai
dengan standard quality melalui monitoring dan evaluasi
berkala
•Sudah dilakukan identifikasi cara mengeliminir penyebab
terjadinya hasil kerja yang tidak memuaskan
RZH 2006
 COST OF QUALITY
Merupakan biaya total semua usaha untuk
menghasilkan produk atau servis dengan
kualitas yang diharapkan

Terdiri dari cost of conformance (biaya untuk

menghasilkan produk / servis yang sesuai dengan
requirement) dan cost of non-conformance
(biaya yang harus keluar karena terjadinya non-
conformance terhadap requirement)

RZH 2006
 COST OF CONFORMANCE

•Planning
•Training
•Process Control
•Testing
•Design validation
•Evaluation
•Quality audit
•Maintenance & calibration

RZH 2006
 COST OF NON-CONFORMANCE
•Scrap
•Rework
•Expediting
•Additional materials
•Repair
•Complaint handling
•Liability judgment
•Product recall
•Corrective action

RZH 2006
 Radian Hosen, Sep 2005
Six Sigma Concept

What is Cost of Poor Quality?

Traditional Quality cost 4-6% of Sales
Scrap
Reworks
Rejects

Additional cost of Poor Quality 25-35% of Sales

(Intangible, Difficult or
Impossible to Measure)
LOST OPPORTUNITY
HIDDEN FACTORY
More setups
Expediting costs
Lost sales
Late delivery
Lost Customer loyalty
Excess inventory
Long cycle times
Engineering change orders
 Radian Hosen, Sep 2005
Six Sigma Concept

Quality versus Cost

Internal Failure
• Scrap
• Rework
$ Internal
And External Increase Quality, Appraisal
Appraisal
Failure Reduce Cost • Inspection
External Failure
• Cost to Customer 3 • Test
• Warranty Cost 4 • Quality Audits
• Test Equipment
• Complaint Cost 5
• Returned Material 6
Quality
Prevention
• Quality Planning
• Process Planning
3s to 6s through prevention • Process Control
• Training
From Handry Satriago, 2003
 QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
COST
SAVING
REWORK

REWORK
improvement

COST INSPECTION INSPECTION

PREVENTION PREVENTION

RZH 2006
 PROJECT QUALITY
MANAGEMENT
• Quality Planning
• Perform Quality Assurane
• Perform Quality Control

RZH 2006
 Initiating Planning
Quality Planning

Controlling Executing
Perform Quality
Perform Quality Control Assurance

Quality Management
dalam Project
Management Process Closing
RZH 2006
Perbedaan antara QA dan QC
QUALITY ASSURANCE

Proses 1 QC Proses 2 QC Proses 3 QC

 Quality Planning
INPUTS TOOLS & OUTPUTS
TECHNIQUES

1. Enterprise 1. Benefit/cost 1. Quality

environmental Analysis Management Plan
factors
2. Benchmarking 2. Quality Matrix
2. Organizational
3. Design of 3. Quality checklists
process assets
Experiments
4. Process
3. Project Scope
4. Cost of Quality improvement plan
Statement
5. Additional quality 5. Project
4. Project
planning tools management plan
management plan
updates

RZH 2006
 Apa Quality Management Plan itu?

Penjelasan tentang bagaimana team project management akan

menerapkan quality policy.
Dalam ISO 9000, quality management plan harus menjelaskan project
quality system, diantaranya:
• struktur organisasi
• tanggung jawab
• prosedur
• proses kerja
• resources yang dibutuhkan untuk menerapkan quality management

RZH 2006
 Quality Assurance
INPUTS TOOLS & OUTPUTS
TECHNIQUES

1. Quality Management Plan

2. Quality metrics
1. Quality Planning 1. Requested
3. Process improvement plan
Tools and changes
4. Work performance Techniques
information 2. Recommended
5. Approved change request 2. Quality Audits corrective actions
6. Quality control 3. Process analysis 3. Organizational
measurements
process assets
7. Implemented change 4. Quality control
updates
requests tools & techniques
8. Implemented corrective 4. Project
actions management plan
9. Implemented defect repair updates
10. Implemented preventive
actions
RZH 2006
 Apa Quality Improvement itu?

Usaha untuk meningkatkan efektifitas

dan efisiensi proyek untuk memberikan
tambahan benefit bagi stakeholders.

RZH 2006
 Quality Management Concepts
• Policy
• Objective
• Assurance
• Control
• Audit
• Program plan
 Quality Control
INPUTS TOOLS & OUTPUTS
TECHNIQUES
1. Quality control
measurements
1. Work performance 1. Inspection
2. Validated defect repair
information
2. Control Charts
3. Quality baseline updates
2. Quality Management
3. Pareto chart
Plan 4. Recommended corrective
4. Statistical Sampling actions
3. Quality checklists
5. Flow-charting 5. Recommended preventive
4. Quality metrics
action
6. Cause & effect
5. Organizational
diagram 6. Requested changes
process assets
7. Histogram 7. Recommended defect repair
6. Approved change
requests 8. Run chart 8. Organizationprocess assets
updates
7. Deliverables 9. Scatter diagram
9. Validated deliverables
10. Defect repair review
10. Project management plan
RZH 2006 updates
 The 7 QC Tools
• Data tables
• Pareto analsis
• Cause & effect analysis
• Trend analysis
• Histogram
• Scatter diagrams
• Control chart
 Inter-korelasi dalam Quality Management
Planning Phase
Enterprise
environmental
factors

PM plan

Quality
planning PM Plan
Scope
statement

Organizational
process assets

RZH 2006
 Inter-korelasi dalam Quality Management
Executing Phase

Feedback from
Controlling

Perform PM Plan
Work Quality
processes Assurance

PM Plan

RZH 2006
 Inter-korelasi dalam Quality Management
Controling Phase

Feedback to
Execution
Work results
(deliverables)

Perform PM Plan
Quality
Control

Work
processes
Administrative
closure
RZH 2006
 The Big Picture for Quality Management
Enterprise
Planning
Initiating environmental
factors

PM plan

Scope Quality PM Plan

statement planning

Organizational
process assets
Controlling
Executing
Feedback
Feedback to from
Execution Controlling

Work results Perform

Work PM Plan
(deliverables) Quality
Perform processes Assurance
Quality PM Plan
Control
PM Plan
Work
processes
Administrative
closure

RZH 2006 Closing