Teori Hubungan

Internasional
Presented By :
ST. Adinda A. F Nasution
20831003
Dosen pengampu : Yakop Tasik, S.IP., M.KP
 Teori Realisme
Realisme merupakan suatu pandangan pesimis terhadap sifat alami manusia dan sistem politik internasional. Realisme
merupakan pandangan dari politik internasional yang menunjukan bahwa sebenarnya hubungan internasional itu bersifat
kompetitif dan lebih menunjukkan sisi konfliktual. Realisme menjelaskan realitas politik internasional. Ini menekankan
kendala politik dari sifat egois manusia dan tidak adanya otoritas pusat di atas negara. Konsep utama yang ditemukan dalam
teori realis adalah anarki, keseimbangan kekuasaan, dan kepentingan nasional.

Realisme (termasuk neorealisme) berfokus pada interaksi yang tetap dalam sistem internasional yang tidak memiliki otoritas
politik terpusat. Kondisi anarki tersebut membuat logika politik internasional berbeda dengan logika politik dalam negeri yang
diatur oleh kekuasaan berdaulat. Menurut neorealisme, yang lebih berpengaruh adalah struktur anarki internasional. Struktur
ini memaksa negara untuk bertindak agresif. Sejalan dengan realisme klasik, neorealisme juga memandang bahwa ciri khas
politik internasional adalah adanya upaya untuk mencari dan berkompetisi memperebutkan kekuasaan.
 Teori Liberalisme
Liberalisme adalah sebuah pandangan filsafat politik dan moral yang didasarkan pada kebebasan, persetujuan dari yang diperintah dan
persamaan di hadapan hukum. Liberalisme berusaha untuk menggantikan norma-norma hak istimewa turun-temurun, agama negara,
monarki absolut, hak ilahi raja dan konservatisme tradisional dengan demokrasi perwakilan dan supremasi hukum. Teori perdamaian
demokratis mungkin merupakan kontribusi paling kuat yang diberikan liberalisme terhadap teori HI. Ini menegaskan bahwa negara-
negara demokratis sangat tidak mungkin untuk berperang satu sama lain.

Prinsip utama yang diusung neoliberalisme ialah optimisme terhadap kemungkinan kerjasama dibawah sistem internasional yang
anarkis. Neoliberalisme berusaha menghilangkan potensi-potensi konflik melalui instutisi internasional sebagai instrumen utamanya
dan institusi dalam hal ini berperan sebagai wadah untuk menjalin kerjasama. Pendekatan neoliberalis cenderung menekankan
kemungkinan kemenangan bersama, maka negara lebih tertarik pada lembaga atau institusi yang dapat menyediakan perjanjian yang
menguntungkan semua pihak.
 Teori Idealisme
Pada tingkat yang paling umum idealisme mengacu pada pendekatan politik internasional yang berusaha untuk memajukan
cita-cita atau tujuan moral tertentu , misalnya, membuat dunia menjadi tempat yang lebih damai atau adil. Idealisme berpusat
pada gagasan bahwa negara adalah aktor rasional yang mampu memastikan perdamaian dan keamanan yang bertahan lama
daripada menggunakan perang . Idealisme juga ditandai dengan peran penting yang dimainkan oleh hukum internasional dan
organisasi internasional dalam konsepsi pembentukan kebijakan.

“Wawasan dasar dari teori ini adalah bahwa karakteristik nasional masing-masing Negara penting bagi hubungan internasional
mereka.” (Slaughter, 2011) Ini berarti bahwa semua negara tidak memiliki tujuan yang sama berdasarkan kepentingan egois
tetapi suatu negara akan berhubungan dengan negara lain berdasarkan norma dan budaya internalnya. Tujuan utama Idealisme
adalah untuk menciptakan dunia yang demokratis dan damai di mana setiap aktor dari individu hingga tingkat internasional
dapat dilihat dan didengar.
 Teori Marxisme

Marxisme menolak pandangan realis/liberal tentang konflik atau kerja sama negara, melainkan berfokus pada aspek ekonomi dan
material. Marxisme mempromosikan penghapusan kepemilikan pribadi, tidak ada lagi kepemilikan alat-alat produksi, dan akhirnya
semua adalah komunisme. Marxisme memiliki dampak besar pada budaya kontemporer; komunisme modern didasarkan padanya, dan
sebagian besar teori sosialis modern berasal darinya. Ini jugamemiliki efek luar biasa pada akademisi, mempengaruhi disiplin ilmu dari
ekonomi hingga filsafat dan sejarah sastra.
 Teori Konstruktivisme

Konstruktivisme adalah teori sosial yang menegaskan bahwa aspek penting dari hubungan internasional dibentuk oleh faktor
ideasional (yang dikonstruksi secara historis dan sosial), bukan hanya faktor material. Konstruktivisme melihat dunia, dan apa
yang dapat kita ketahui tentang dunia, sebagai konstruksi sosial. Konstruktivisme lalu dapat dipahami sebagai perspektif HI
yang mengedepankan makna dan interpretasi bersama sebagai komponen analitis esensial di balik tindakan para aktor.
Teori Postmodernisme

Postmodernisme dalam teori hubungan internasional berusaha untuk menghidupkan kembali gagasan tentang kekuasaan dan
mendefinisikannya kembali. Teori postmodernisme hubungan internasional berpendapat bahwa tidak ada realitas objektif di dunia,
segala sesuatu yang melibatkan manusia bersifat subjektif. Teori postmodernisme hubungan internasional berfokus dan menghasilkan
gagasan hubungan kekuasaan-pengetahuan yang menolak gagasan “kebenaran mutlak” yang didukung oleh positivisme.

Menurut postmodernisme, negara adalah unit analisis dan satu-satunya aktor utama yang memiliki hak sah untuk memerintah dan
“kekerasan terorganisir” dalam urusan internasional, mereka adalah “bentuk subjektivitas yang dominan” dalam politik dunia, dan
intersubjektivitas yang berpengaruh menciptakan institusi (Burchil, et al 2009). Teori ini berpendapat bahwa tidak ada realitas objektif
di dunia, segala sesuatu yang melibatkan manusia bersifat subjektif. Artinya, gagasan tentang pengetahuan bergantung pada keyakinan
seseorang, karena dalam relativisme diyakini gagasan tentang kebenaran mutlak bahkan tidak ada.
 Thanks!
“Work hard in silence. Success be your noise.”
Frank Ocean
Institutions in international relations
UN
Saturn is a gas giant with
several rings

OIC
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all

AU
Neptune is far away
from Earth
 01
About us
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
 Table of contents
About us Relations
01 You can describe the topic
of the section here
02 You can describe the topic
of the section here

Analysis Goals
03 You can describe the topic
of the section here
04 You can describe the topic
of the section here
“This is a quote, words full of wisdom that
someone important said and can make the
reader get inspired.”
—Someone Famous
 The slide title goes here!
Do you know what helps you make your point clear?
Lists like this one:

● They’re simple
● You can organize your ideas clearly
● You’ll never forget to buy milk!

And the most important thing: the audience won’t miss the point of
your presentation
 Relations and affairs

Relations Affairs
Mercury is the closest planet to Venus has a beautiful name and
the Sun and the smallest one in is the second planet from the
the Solar System Sun. It’s hot
Annual progress in organizations
Others
Mars is actually a very
cold place

UN
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun

IOM
2019 2020 2021 2022
Mercury is the smallest
planet of them all Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the
new one here. For more info, click here
A picture is worth a thousand words
02
Relations
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
The interactions between states
Diplomacy
01 Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest
one in the Solar System. This planet's name has nothing to
do with the liquid metal

War
Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from
the Sun. It’s terribly hot, even hotter than Mercury, and its
atmosphere is extremely poisonous
02
A picture
always
reinforces
the concept
Images reveal large amounts of data, so
remember: use an image instead of a long text.
Your audience will appreciate it
 Theory

Constructivis
Realism Liberalism
Mars is actually a very Venus is the second
m
Mercury is the closest
cold place planet from the Sun planet to the Sun
 Schedule
9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00
Phase 1
Task 1
Task 2

Phase 2
Task 3
Task 4
 Academic tasks

Task 01 Task 02 Task 03 Task 04

Mercury
Mars
Venus
 This is a timeline
Venus Mercury
Venus is the second It’s the closest planet to
planet from the Sun the Sun

01 02 03 04
Mars Neptune
Mars is actually a very It’s the farthest planet
cold place from the Sun
 Goals

Mars Venus Mercury

Mars is actually a very Venus is the second It’s the closest planet to
cold place planet from the Sun the Sun

Saturn Jupiter Neptune

It’s composed of Jupiter is the biggest It’s the farthest planet
hydrogen and helium planet of them all from the Sun
15,145,654
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
Concepts in international relations

Venus Mercury
Venus is the second It’s the closest planet to
planet from the Sun the Sun

Jupiter Neptune
Jupiter is the biggest It’s the farthest planet
planet of them all from the Sun
Awesome
words
 Global studies

60 40
% %
Venus Mars
Venus is the second Mars is actually a very
planet from the Sun cold place

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then
paste the new one here. For more info, click here
 Different academic disciplines
Mars 10
Mars is actually a very %
cold place

Venus 50
Venus is the second %
planet from the Sun

Mercury 40
It’s the closest planet to %
the Sun
 Dependency theory

Venus Mercury
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
01 02 It’s the closest planet to
the Sun

Mars Neptune
Mars is actually a very
cold place
04 03 It’s the farthest planet
from the Sun
 12,544,874
Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest planet

8,475,641
Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun

2,154,745
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun
Increased income due to I. relations

2022
Relations
Mercury is the closest planet to
the Sun and the smallest one in
the Solar System

Jan Feb Mar Apr May

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then
paste the new one here. For more info, click here
 International society theory
Venus

Mars
01 Venus is the second
planet from the Sun

Mars is actually a very

cold place
02
Mercury
03 It’s the closest planet to
the Sun
 Systemic level concepts
Venus
01 Venus is the second
planet from the Sun

Mars
Earth is the third planet
from the Sun 02 Mars is actually a very
cold place

Mercury
03 It’s the closest planet to
the Sun
Desktop mockup
You can replace the image on the
screen with your own work. Just
right-click on it and select
“Replace image”
 Tablet
mockup
You can replace the image on the
screen with your own work. Just
right-click on it and select
“Replace image”
Phone mockup
You can replace the image on the
screen with your own work. Just
right-click on it and select
“Replace image”
List of references
● Write your references here
● Write your references here
● Write your references here
● Write your references here
● Write your references here
● Write your references here
● Write your references here
● Write your references here
● Write your references here
● Write your references here
 Our team

Jenna Doe John James

You can speak a bit about this You can speak a bit about this
person here person here
 Thanks!
Do you have any questions?

youremail@freepik.com
+91 620 421 838
yourcompany.com

CREDITS: This presentation template was

created by Slidesgo, including icons by
Flaticon, infographics & images by Freepik
Please keep this slide for attribution
Icon pack
 Alternative resources
Here’s an assortment of alternative resources whose style fits the one of this template:
Photos:
● Close up smiley woman in library
● Portrait of an african smiling male student holding books
● Teen schoolgirl in glasses reading book
● Close up people studying at library
 Resources
Did you like the resources on this template? Get them for free at our other websites:
Photos:
● Medium shot woman reading book
● Diverse young male and female student holding books
● Smart female student with book in library
● Medium shot man holding notebook
Vector:
● Flat design abstract trekking twitch background
Icon pack:
● Diplomacy
 Instructions for use
If you have a free account, in order to use this template, you must credit Slidesgo by keeping the Thanks slide. Please
refer to the next slide to read the instructions for premium users.

As a Free user, you are allowed to:

- Modify this template.
- Use it for both personal and commercial projects.

You are not allowed to:

- Sublicense, sell or rent any of Slidesgo Content (or a modified version of Slidesgo Content).
- Distribute Slidesgo Content unless it has been expressly authorized by Slidesgo.
- Include Slidesgo Content in an online or offline database or file.
- Offer Slidesgo templates (or modified versions of Slidesgo templates) for download.
- Acquire the copyright of Slidesgo Content.

For more information about editing slides, please read our FAQs or visit Slidesgo School:
https://slidesgo.com/faqs and https://slidesgo.com/slidesgo-school
 Instructions for use (premium users)
As a Premium user, you can use this template without attributing Slidesgo or keeping the "Thanks" slide.

You are allowed to:

● Modify this template.
● Use it for both personal and commercial purposes.
● Hide or delete the “Thanks” slide and the mention to Slidesgo in the credits.
● Share this template in an editable format with people who are not part of your team.

You are not allowed to:

● Sublicense, sell or rent this Slidesgo Template (or a modified version of this Slidesgo Template).
● Distribute this Slidesgo Template (or a modified version of this Slidesgo Template) or include it in a database or in
any other product or service that offers downloadable images, icons or presentations that may be subject to
distribution or resale.
● Use any of the elements that are part of this Slidesgo Template in an isolated and separated way from this
Template.
● Register any of the elements that are part of this template as a trademark or logo, or register it as a work in an
intellectual property registry or similar.

For more information about editing slides, please read our FAQs or visit Slidesgo School:
https://slidesgo.com/faqs and https://slidesgo.com/slidesgo-school
 Fonts & colors used

This presentation has been made using the following fonts:

Rajdhani Condensed
(https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Rajdhani)

Rajdhani Medium
(https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Rajdhani)

#4f5e57 #e4ebe8 #ffffff

#c3d0c6 #899992 #ca943d

 Storyset

Create your Story with our illustrated concepts. Choose the style you like the most, edit its colors, pick
the background and layers you want to show and bring them to life with the animator panel! It will boost
your presentation. Check out how it works.

Pana Amico Bro Rafiki Cuate

 Use our editable graphic resources...

You can easily resize these resources without losing quality. To change the color, just ungroup the resource
and click on the object you want to change. Then, click on the paint bucket and select the color you want.
Group the resource again when you’re done. You can also look for more infographics on Slidesgo.
 JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE

PHASE 1

Task 1

Task 2

PHASE 2

Task 1

Task 2

JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL

PHASE
1

Task 1

Task 2
 ...and our sets of editable icons

You can resize these icons without losing quality.

You can change the stroke and fill color; just select the icon and click on the paint bucket/pen.
In Google Slides, you can also use Flaticon’s extension, allowing you to customize and add even more icons.
Educational Icons Medical Icons
Business Icons Teamwork Icons
Help & Support Icons Avatar Icons
Creative Process Icons Performing Arts Icons
Nature Icons
SEO & Marketing Icons
 Premium infographics

Text 1 Text 2 Text 3

“Mercury is closest “Despite being red,
planet to the Sun Mars is actually a
and the smallest” very cold place”

Add the title here 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

“Venus is the
“Neptune is the “Saturn is a gas
second planet from
farthest-known giant and has
the Sun and is
planet from the Sun” several rings”
terribly hot”

Text 4 Text 5 Text 6

 Premium infographics

75% “Mercury is closest

planet to the Sun
and the smallest”

75%
“Mercury is closest
TITLE 1 planet to the Sun
and the smallest”

“Mercury is closest
planet to the Sun and
the smallest”
“Mercury is closest
planet to the Sun
and the smallest”
Premium Icons

Digital Marketing
Premium Icons

Online Learning
Premium Icons

Laboratory
Premium Icons

Goals & Results

Premium Icons

Infographic Elements