Clinical Assessment
Clinical Assessment
ASSESSMENT IN
REHABILITATION
Preseptor :
Ami Rachmi, dr., Sp.KFR
Anamnesis
ANAMNESIS
• congestive heart failure • trauma, • Preexisting congenital or history should assess the type of
• recent and distant • arthritis, acquired neurologic rheumatologic disorder,
myocardial infarction • amputation, disorders time of onset, number of joints
• arrhythmias and -coronary • joint contractures, affected, pain level,
artery disease. • musculoskeletal pain, current disease activity, and past
Past surgical procedures such: • congenital or acquired orthopedic procedures
• bypass surgery, muscular problems,
• heart transplantation, • weakness, or instability
• stent placement,
• recent diagnostic testing
(stress test or
echocardiogram)
Medications
All medications should be documented, supplements, herbs, and vitamins. Drug
and food allergies should be noted
Social History
Home Environment and Living Situation
Understanding the patient’s home environment and living situation
Family and Friends Support
Family, friends, and neighbors who can provide such assistance should be identified. The clinician
should discuss the level of assistance they are willing and able to provide.
Substance Abuse
Patients should be asked about their history of smoking, alcohol use or abuse, and drug abuse
Sexual History
Sexuality is particularly important to patients in their reproductive years (such as with many spinal
cord– and brain-injured persons),
Vocational Activities
The history should include the patient’s educational level, recent work history, and the ability to
fulfill job requirements subsequent to the injury or illness.
Finances and Income Maintenance
Recreation
The ability to engage in hobbies and recreational activities is important to most people, and any loss
or limitation of the ability to perform these activities can be stressful. The team recreational therapist
can be helpful in helping to restore the patient’s favorite recreations and offer new ones.
Psychosocial History
The treatment plan should recognize the patient’s psychosocial context and provide assistance in
developing coping strategies, especially for depression and anxiety. This can help accelerate the
patient’s process of adjusting to a new disability.
Spirituality and Belief
Health care providers should be sensitive to the patient’s spiritual needs, and appropriate referral or
counseling should be provided.
Pending Litigation
Family History
Riwayat keluarga mengalami kondisi Review of Systems
yang sama. Riwayat keluarga mengalami
heart disease, diabetes, cancer, stroke,
arthritis, hypertension, or neurologic
illness.
PHYSICAL
EXAMINATION
Tampilan umum
Kesadaran : compos mentis, somnolen, soporous, coma
Tampak sakit : ringan, sedang, berat
Gait
Ear
Hearing acuity di cek dengan menggunakan metode watch test atau pasien diminta utk mengulangi
kata yg disebutkan oleh dokter
Tes Weber dan tes Rinnne
pemeriksaan juga bisa menggunakan otoskop
Nose
Menilai apakah terdapat Caroitid bruit pada pasien atheroscleoris & CVS disorder
Menilai ROM pada pasien musculoskeletal disorder
Chest
Apakah terdapat tachypnea, tachcardia,
Barrel chet (Minta pasien untuk batuk dan identifikasi).
Dinding dada di palpasi untuk tenderness, deformitas.
Percussion dilakukan untuk menentukan tinggi diafragma
Auskultasi adanya wheezing, ronchi, rales
Heart and Peripheral Vascular System
Neurologic examination
UMN: Gejala berupa hypertonia, weakness, hyper reflexia, fasciculation,
fibrillation.
LMN: hypotonia, weakness, hyporeflexia, muscle atrophy, fasciculations.
Orientation
Ditentukan sebagai dasar kognisi yang terdiri dari person, place, time dan situation.
Memory
Komponen memori terdiri dari learning, retention, recall.
Koordinasi
serebelum berfungsi sebagai pusat keseimbangan dan juga berperan dalam memperhalus gerakan
motoric yang terlibat dalam koordinasi. Koordinasi tes dapat dilakukan untuk melihat adanya
kelainan pada serebelum.
Penilaian reflexes :
•0, no response; 1+, diminished but present and
might require facilitation; 2+, usual response; 3+,
more brisk than usual; and 4+, hyperactive with
clonus
Primitive reflex
Reflek primitif adalah reflek abnormal yang bila terjadi pada orang dewasa. Macam :
Snout reflek
Sucking reflek
Grasp reflek
Glabelar reflek
Musculoskeletal Examination
Inspeksi
Pasien dengan skoliosis, abnormal kifosis, dan lordosis; deformitas sendi,
amputasi, bagian tubuh yang hilang dan asimetris (leg-length discrepancy);
pembengkakan soft-tissue, massa, scar, dan defek; fasikulasi otot, atrofi,
hipertrofi, dan ruptur.
Palpasi
Lokasi yang mengalami abnormalitas (mis, daerah nyeri atau deformitas)
dilakukan palpasi
Assesment Range Of
Motion
Assesment Range Of Motion
Digunakan untuk
mendokumentasikan integritas sendi,
menilai efikasi treatment dan
menentukan penyebab kerusakan
mekanik.
Keterbatasan bukan hanya
dipengaruhi ambulasi dan mobilitas.
Tapi juga kegiatan sehari hari.
Normal ROM bervariasi bergantung
usia, jenis kelamin, kondisi, obesitas,
dan genetik.
♂limited ROM > ♀, berdasarkan usia
dan pergerakan spesifik sendi.
Assesment Techniques
Sagital Kanan/kiri.
Frontal (coronal)
Anterior/posterior.
Transverse Superior/inferior.