CONTOH PERHITUNGAN NERACA PANAS KOLOM DISTILASI

Kondisi Umpan :
Kondisi umpan masuk :
T = 87C
P = 1 atm
Kondisi destilasi :
T = 87C
P = 1 atm
Kondisi umpan bottom :
T = 87C
P = 1 atm
Diketahui :
Umpan masuk = 658,7728 kg/jam terdiri dari :
Etanol = 468,5535 kg/jam
Air = 190,2193 kg/jam
Komponen heavy key (HK) adalah air, sehingga :

i
=

Maka diperoleh :
etanol =

= 0,4415
air =

= 1,0000
Jadi :
1 q =


+



Dengan metode trial & error diperoleh, = 0,9399
Data komposisi buble :
Komposisi k Xd
C2H5OH 0,9399 0,9482 0,4415
H2O 2,1011 0,0518 1,0000
Maka,
Rm + 1 =


+



Rm + 1 =


+



= 1,8701
Rm = 0,8701
Destilasi dilakukan dengan refluks ration 3 kali refluks minimum.
Rop = 3 . Rm
= 3 x 0,8701
= 2,6103
Dari perhitungan neraca massa diperoleh jumlah uap yang keluar pada kolom
atas:
Etanol = 445,1256 kg/jam
Air = 9,5102 kg/jam
Untuk :
Etanol = Rop x 445,1256 kg/jam
= 2,6103 x 445,1256 kg/jam
= 1161,9206 kg/jam
Air = Rop x 9,5102 kg/jam
= 2,6103 x 9,5102 kg/jam
= 24,8247 kg/jam
Jadi total aliran refluks adalah = etanol + air
= (1161,9206 + 24,8247) kg/jam
= 1186,7453 kg/jam
Maka jumlah uap yang masuk kondesor :
= jumlah destilasi + jumlah refluks
Etanol = (445,1256 + 1161,9206) kg/jam
= 1607,0462 kg/jam
Air = (9,5102 + 24,8247) kg/jam
= 34,3349 kg/jam
Total aliran uap sebelum masuk kondensor adalah = 1641,3811 kg/jam


Perhitungan neraca panas destilasi :
Untuk Qin yang masuk destilasi = Qout dari heater
Qin = Qetanol + QH2O
= (19154,4669 + 13886,0100) kg/jam
= 33040,4769 kg/jam
Untuk Qout yang keluar destilasi :
T reff = 25C
T out = 98C
Qetanol =

= 445,1257 x

= 445,1257 ((9,014 x (98-25)) +(

)) (

)) + (

))
= 445,1257 x 1593,23458 kJ/kmol
=


x 380,6106 kkal/kmol
= 9,6766 kmol/ jam x 389,6186 kkal/jam
= 3683,03332 kkal/jam
Q =

= 9,5103(32,243(98-25)+

(98
3
-25
3
)

(98
4
-25
4
)
= 9,5103(2353,739+8,6369+3,2565-0,0826
= 9,5103 kg/jam x 2365,5498 kj/kmol
=


x 565,1098 kkal/kmol
= 116,8336 kkal/jam
Total Qout destilasi :
= Qetanol + QAir
= (3683,033 + 116,834) kg
= 3799,8668 kg

Untuk Qout yang keluar dari kolom bawah (bottom)
T reff = 25C
T out = 180C
Qet =

=23,4278(9,0141(180-25)+

(180
2
-25
2
)+

(180
3
-
25
3
)+

(180
4
-25
4
)
= 23,4278(1397,1700+3401,0371-162,6646+0,3603
=2342 kg/ jam x 4635,9028 kj/ kmol
=

x 1107,4780 kkal/ kmol

= 664,0385 kkal/jam
Qair =

= 180,7090 (32,243 (180-25)+

(180
2
-25
2
) +

(180
3
-25
3
)
-

(180
4
-25
4
)
= 180,7090 x (4997,665 + 30,5644 + 20,4639 0,9439)
= 180,7090 kg/jam x 5047,7499 kj/kmol
=


x 1205,8648 kkal/jam
= 4737,1885 kkal/jam
Panas laten kondensasi (QCD)
Q = n x Hv
Dimana : n = kg mol komponen terkondensasi (kkal/kg)
Hv = entalpi kondensasi komponen (kkal/kg)
Metode perhitungan kondensasi komponen pada suhu 85C dihitung dengan
persamaan
[


]

Dimana :
n= TETAPAN (0,38)
Tr1= Suhu reduce komponen pada suhu terhitung
Tr2= Suhu reduce komponen pada titik didih normal
Hv1= Entalphi penguapan komponen pada titik didih normal
Hv2= entalphi penguapan komponen pada titik didih terhitung
Dari appendiks D engineering, volume 6,coulsn & Richardsons diperoleh data
Komponen TBP
0
C TC
0
C HVAP kkal/kmol
Etanol 78,30 516,20 9261,83
air 100 647,30 9718,82

Panas penguapan masung-masing komponen pada suhu 85
0
C:
Etanol :
Tr1 =

= 0,1517
Tr2 =

= 0,3113
Hv = 9261,825 [

= 420375,13
Q etanol =

x8688,4478
= 420375,13

Air :
Tr1=

= 0,1517
Tr2 =

= 0,3113
Hv= 9718,825 [

=9115,052

Jadi
Q Air=

x9115,0521
= 24079,613
QCD = Qet + Qair
= 420375,13 + 24079,613
= 444454,7390 kkal/jam
Kebutuhan air pendingin (Md)
Sebagai pendingin digunakan air :
Suhu air masuk = 28
0
C
Suhu air keluar = 40
0
C
Md =

=37037,8949 kg/ jam
Beban pans reboiler :
Neraca massa Destilasi
QF + QRB = QD + QB + QCD
QRB = (QD + QB + QCD)-QF
= (3799,8668 + 5301,2270+44454,74 33040,4758
= 453555,8329 33040,758
= 420515,3570 kkal/jam
40C
98C
Kebutuhan steam (Ms)
Temperature steam yang digunakan = 250
0
C
= 409,8231 kkal/kg
Ms =

=1026,090 kg/jam
Menara destilasi
Panas masuk
(kkal/jam)
Panas keluar
(kkal/jam)
Q etanol = 19154,4659
Q H
2
Q = 13886,01
Q RB = 420515,36
QB = 5301,2270
QD = 3799,8668
QCD = 444454,7390
Total = 453555,8329 Total = 453555,8329


5. COOLER - 01





A. Panas yang masuk ke cooler = panas yang keluar di destilat
Q in = 3799,8668 kkal/jam
B. Panas keluar cooler
Treff = 25
0
C
Tout = 30
0
C
Qet =

Cooler-01
30C
28C
= 23,4278(9,04141(30-25)+

(30
2
-25
2
)

(30
3
-
25
3
)+

(30
4
-25
4
)
= 445,1257(45,0700+29,4346-0,3181+0,0001
= 445,1257 kg/jam x 74,1866 kj/kmol
=


x 17,7226 kkal/kmol
= 564171,4949 kkal/jam
Air =

= 9,5103 (32,243(30-25)+

(30
2
-25
2
)-

(30
4
-25
4
)
= 9,5103 (161,215+0,2645-0,0400-0,0400)
=


x 38,5856 kkal/kmol
= 7,9774 kkal/jam
Total Qout destilasi :
= Qetanol + Qair
= 171,4949 + 7,9774
= 179,4723 kkal/jam
C. Beban panas pendingin (Qp)
Qp =Qin- Qout
=3799,8668 179,4723
= 3620,3945 kkal/jam
D.jumlah air pendingin yang dibutuhkan
Mp =

=



= 301,6995 kg/jam



Neraca pana total tangki cooler-01
Panas masuk
Kkal/jam
Panas keluar
Kkal/jam
Panas masuk Qin
Q etanol = 3683,0332
Q H
2
O = 116,83

Panas sensible keluar Qout
Q etanol = 171,4949
Q H
2
O = 7,9774
Q P = 3620,3945
Total = 3799,8668 Total = 3799,8668

COOLER- 02
A. Panas yang masuk ke cooler= pans yang keluar di destilat
Qin = 5301,2270 kkal/jam
Treff= 25
0
C
Tout = 30
0
C
Qet =

=23,4278(9,014(30-25)+

(30
2
-25
2
)-

(30
3
-
25
3
)+

(30
4
-25
4
)
=23,4278(45,0700+29,4346-0,3181+0,0001
=23,4278 kg/jam x74,18866kj/kmo
=


x 17,7226 kkal/kmol
= 9,0261 kkal/jam
QAir =

)dt
=180,7090(32,243(30-25)+

(30
2
-25
2
)-

(30
3
-
25
3
)+

(30
4
-25
4
)
=180,7090(161,215+0,2645-0,0400-0,0400)
=180,7090 kg/jam x 161,5192 kj/kmol
=151,5817 kkal/jam
Total Out :
= Qetanol + Qair
= 9,0261 + 151,5817
160,6078 kkal/jam
C. Beban panas pendingin (Qp)
Qp = Qin- Qout
=5301,2270-160,6078
=5140,6192 kkal/jam
D. Jumlah air pendingin yang dibutuhkan
Mp =

=



= 428,3849 kg/ jam
Neraca panas total tangki cooler-02
Panas masuk
Kkal/jam
Panas keluar
Kkal/jam
Panas masuk Qin
Q etanol = 564,0385
Q H
2
O = 4737,19
Panas sensible Qout
Q etanol = 9,0261
Q H
2
O = 151,5817
Q P = 5740,6192
Total = 5301,2270 Total = 5301,2270