DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR.......................................................................................... i
DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................... ii
BAB I

PENDAHULUAN
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.

BAB II

Latar Belakang Masalah ............................................................. 1

Identifikasi Masalah ................................................................... 13
Pembatasan Masalah .................................................................. 13
Perumusan Masalah .................................................................... 14
Tujuan Penelitian......................................................................... 14
Manfaat Penelitian....................................................................... 15

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA, PENELITIAN YANG RELEVAN,

KERANGKA BERPIKIR DAN PENGAJUAN HIPOTESIS
A. Tinjauan Pustaka ........................................................................... 17
1. Keterampilan Proses Sains ....................................................... 17
2. Klasifikasi Makhluk Hidup....................................................... 24
3. Model Pembelajaran.................................................................. 30
a. Pembelajaran ........................................................................ 30
b. Model Pembelajaran ............................................................. 33
4. Model Pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning
(CTL)....................................................................................... 37
a. Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL)............................ 37
b. Langkah-langkah CTL.......................................................... 49
5. Model Pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PjBL)
51
a.

Project

Based

Learning

(PjBL

51
b. Langkah-langkah PjBL......................................................... 56
6. Media Pembelajaran Macromedia flash.................................... 60
a. Media Pembelajaran ............................................................. 60
b. Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Komputer ............................. 66
c. Macromedia Flash ................................................................ 70
B. Hasil Penelitian Yang Relevan ...................................................... 72
C. Kerangka Berpikir ......................................................................... 75
D. Pengajuan Hipotesis Penelitian ..................................................... 78
2

BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN

A. Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ....................................................... 79
1. Tempat Penelitian..................................................................... 79
2. Waktu Penelitian...................................................................... 79
B. Metode Penelitian.......................................................................... 80
1. Jenis Penelitian........................................................................ 80
2. Variabel Penelitian................................................................... 80
3. Desain Penelitian..................................................................... 80
C. Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian..................................................... 82
1. Populasi Penelitian.................................................................. 82
2. Sampel Penelitian................................................................... 82
D. Prosedur Penelitian ....................................................................... 83
1. Tahap Persiapan....................................................................... 83
2. Tahap Pelaksanaan...................................................................... 83
E. Intstrumen Penelitian .................................................................... 84
1. Definisi Konseptual................................................................ 84
2. Definisi Operasional .............................................................. 84
F. Kalibrasi Instrumen ....................................................................... 87
G. Teknik Analisa Data....................................................................... 91
H. Hipotesis Statistik ......................................................................... 92
DAFTAR PUSTAKA........................................................................................... 93